OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.

New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian, Volume VII, Issue 586, 15 March 1851, Page 3

OUR LONDON CORRESPONDENT.

[From the New York Herald.'} London, Friday evening, Nov 8, 1850. THE STATE OF EUROPE. The Warsaw Conferences—Triumph of Aus-tria—-Invasion of the Electorate of Hesse— Death of Count Brandenburg—Resignation of the Prussian Minister—The Danish Question—Fears of War. The conferences at Warsaw are over ; the Emperor of Russia has returned to St. Petersburgh, the Emperor of Austria to Vienna,Prince Charles of Prussia to Berlin, and the other high personages to their respective States. The result of the conference has transpired—Austria and the Diet have triumphed. Prussia, once more crest fallen, has given in on every question. Count Brandenburgh,the Prussian Minister, who attended the conferences, was so much affected by what occurred, and at the degradation of Prussia, to which he contributed, as its representative, that he was seized with brain fever; and a telegraphic despatch, from Berlin, announces his death. Your readers will be forcibly reminded of the death of Count Bresson, the French Ambassador at Madrid, under circumstances almost similar at the time of ths Soatiish marriages. Count Bresson cut his throat—Count Brandenburg has died raving mad. It shall be my duty to keep the readers of the New York Herald, that is to say, the great portion of the reading public of the United States, informed of all events, in such manner that the thread of the narrative shall never he broken in these communications; they , will form a sort of political diary for reference upon the affairs of Europe. In my last, I stated pretty clearly the state of the two questions in Germany, which divide public attention in Europe, and upon the settlement of which the peace of Europe toore or less depends. A brief recapitulation is advisable—Germany is divided by two questions ; the Hessian question and the Danish or Schleswig question.

According to the treaties of Vienna of 1815, signed and guaranteed by the great powers, it was agreed that in case of the violation of the territory of one of the component states of the German confederation, or in case of disputes, they were to be referred to the federal Diet. 1 I'll O WAP Ja 4— M JI — »>uo S.AJ juugmuuij a>«u means to restore order. In Is4B, the Elector of Hesse granted a constitution to his subjects; he has endeavoured to deprive them of that constitution, on the plea that he granted it under compulsion. He refuses to dismiss M. de Hessenpflug, the unpopular and unconstitutional minister. His army resign, and the Elector is compelled to leave his capital, his states being in a state of passive insurrection. In virtue of the treaty of Vienna he appeals to the Diet to restore order in his States. This gives rise to the split between Austria arid Prussia on the Hessian question. Prussia declares that the Diet no longer exists, since it abdicated its functions in 1848 ; and declares, that if the self-styled Diet marches troops into Hesse, Prussia will resist them by arms. Austria, who upholds the existence of the Diet, and claims the presidency of it, is supported by Bavaria, Wurtemburg, Saxony, Baden, and two or three smaller States. Hanover is doubtful—Prussia is supported by all the Northern States.

At a conference held at Bregenz on the 12th October last, between the Emperor of Austria and the Kings of Saxony, Wurtembuig, niid Bavaiia, it was resolved io comply with the request of the Elector of Hesse, coute que coute, and advance federal troops into the Electorate.

Preparations for war on an immense scale were nialle iwniediatelyy and a powerful ariny of federal troops advanced towards the Hessian frontier. Prussia, on the other hand, made equal preparations, and. possessing, by the very treaties of 1815, the right of passage through a portion of the Hessian territory, took advantage of it, and sent General Von Groeben there with orders to fire upon the federal troops should they attempt an in vasioti. Those orders were given by General Radowitz. the Prusian Minister of Foreign Affairs. War seemed inevitable, when the Emperor of Russia offered his goou otnees as meuiator, or umpire, which led to the conferences at Warsaw. ,

At these conferences, Prussia, aware that Russia would support Austria, lowered, her tone. She agreed to allow the intervention bf the Diet in those States which recognised it, in despite of the orders given to General Groeben. The Czar declared that he should give his moral support to Austria. The very next day the Austrians and Bavarians entered the electorate at Hanau, accompanied by a Federal Commissary, Count of Rechberg, to the tune of 12,000 men, commanded by Prince Tour-and-Taxis, a Bavarian General. The electorate was declared under martial lawi the citizens called nn®n to

deliver up their arms, and a harsh proclamation issued by Count Rechberg, in the name of the-Diet, accompanied by another from the Elector to his “faithful and loyal subjects,” calling upon them to submit. When this news reached Berlin, great was the consternation. A Cabinet Council was immediately convoked, at which General Radowitz energetically demanded that war should he declared; the King and the Prince of Prussia wavered for some time, but were finally overruled by the majority of the ministers. The King, after all his vain-glori-ous.blasting, submitted. Radowitz immediately resigned, with two of his colleagues, Lfcdenberg and Vonder Hevdt. His resignation has been .accepted; and, at the moment l am writing, Prussia has no foreign minister. Count Bernsuuiff will, in all probability, fill that post. The indignation of the Prussian army is intense; the feeling at Berlin is snch that war is not unlikely now, the more so as a' Prussian army -has alio entered the Electorate, and taken possession of Cassel, the capital, arriving there only ;a quarter of an hour before the Bavarian troops, who retired. The outposts of the hostile armies (as regards feeling, at all events) are almost within sight of each other. By telegraph, we learu that Austria has already addressed a note to the Prussian Government, demanding the withdrawal of the Prussian troops. To this Prussia, however humbled, cannot submit. It requires confirmation. Couriers are flying about in all direetiens, and the question is as far from settled as ever. The Elector of Hesse has withdrawn his representative from Berlin, and protested against the occupation of his .territory by Prussian troops. So much for Hesse. The second, or Schleswig, or Danish question, is by no means of minor importance. The King of Denmark is a member of the German Diet, as King-Duke of Holstein. In virtue of Art. IV. of the treaty of peace, concluded by him with Germany, he has appealed to the Diet to restore order to the Duchies; should the Diet refuse, he must then de jure take the offensive and cross the river to put down the insurrectionary movement. i The statement, made in so official a manner by the Timer, of a threatened invasion of Silesia by Russia, and the Rhenish provinces by France, if Prussia did not speedily take measures for the pacification of the Duchies, has been officially contradicted by M. de Persigny, the French Envoy at Berlin ; ; but it is quite true that strong expostulations were made by the Governments of the great powers, te put ■ stop to the war, and which r.e- : suited in Prussia sending General Von Hahn to the. Stattbalterschaft, or provisional government at Kile, to obtain a suspension of hostilities. Emboldened by auccess in Hesse, the Diet (that is, Austria, Bavaria, & Co.) have sent orders, in the shape of an inhibitorium, to the Stattbalterschaft, commanding it, in the name of the Diet, to cease all hostilities ; to reduce its army one-third, and withdraw south of the Eyder. In case of refusal, Austria threatens to advance an army into Holstein. The Stattbalterschaft has made counter propositions of an exorbitant nature in reply, and if acted up to, the advance of the Austrian troops may be daily expected. The state of Germany was never so critical since the revolution of 1848. The Berlin Parliament has been convoked • for the 21st instant. In the above you have a correct summary of what has ocurfed since the departure of the last mail. The files of English papers are full of rumours of all descriptions, but you may rely upon the above as substantially correct in every particular. I have been particular in avoiding conjecture. The latest advices from Berlin, received by ordinary mail, are to the evening of the 4th ; by telegraph to the evening of the 6th. According to the latest advices M. de Rosenberg, of the Prussian Foreign Office, had left Berlin for Vienna, with an ultimatum. Next mail will announce another humiliation of Prussia, or war.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. The dispute between the President and General Changarnier has been once more compromised. General Changarnier has suppressed his eulogium on General Neumayer, but has published the following order of the day:— Paris, November 2, 1850. In terms of the law the army does not deliberate. In terms of the military regulations it must abstain from all demonstrations, and not prefer any cry when under arms. The General-in-Chief reminds the troops under his command of these dispositions. Changarnier. The Debits says that, at a late hour last night, some reflecting men interfered, and succeded in putting an end te a misunder-

standing which might have led to incalculable consequences. It adds, that the counsels of good sense and moderation have prevailed, and that confidence has succeeded to insulting suspicion. _____