News by the Mail.

New Zealand Mail, Issue 318, 16 March 1878, Page 19

News by the Mail.

——' -F THE SAN FRANCISCO ARRIVAL G M AI L.

„ „ 7T t ' T JM MARY. IiUiiOPIS/AN v - ry isth, at eight oe died on Jfebnvc. i f •], M The Po, Wednssday *igh* “ s but said o’clock. On • rallied sevei’SJ'i itfev. ’ % » jj e suffocation. . Me Meath' Witts' ijhfe itAhv. .. . to his physicians y -i(J -p-fe/ndWrittgl- ?V-. . was alternately lucid a. «-•. jiusfi' 'by*s. 2iioTnen. I ' s wer ® d l so' Wei 1 / i dyfact, “ t>. uard Csh^’ c . h 1 * -of' flbatli' WfA saJmlly,” The immediate cause ° i y wound m the leg, w. njl i thd SntO the lungs and brain. j tumors "tasigmb/ed in council in the n <y j Gardma la w «■ v with the other dignitaries room,but all, to tf . ._t- bedside at tne of the Papal Goi y - Panbianca ad- j moment of death. * “ * rj_j ie barracks ministered the last saciatfiteGC - h surrounding the Vatican troons. This was an rinnecessAm , its the people remained quiet, al “°* l ' h^ The Cardinals conclave had .' - , fenced, and Simeoni demanded troops antT&a(Government acceded to the request In. Will &f £■ by the- Into Pope authorises the Oai din«ls A)’ deviate from the established procedure htii dloes- not prescribe! any special rules. The question of permitting absent Cardinal* to telegraph them Votes- was considered MonLiJoelu- IMIIA *» Ao "“« Secretary of State, sent a- note to thi nuncios protesting agates* any power of exercising votes. The statement . Sha® the Cardinals by a vote of 30 to 10, rejectee. 1 conciliation with Italy, is denied. The <mowd was so lar°"e to view the remains of the late Pontiff,lving in state at St. Peter’s that many women fainted. A company of soldiers had to enter the Church to regulate the concouise. The body was arrayed in Pontifical robes and laid on a crimson bed, at each corner of . . a member of the noble guard stood with - drawn sword. The bed was surrounded witl twelve large candelabra, so placed that the fee

of the deceased were outside the altar rails, in | order that the faithful might kiss them. The j! face was calm and unchanged by death. | The Greek Garde Mobile has been rais id to 140,000 men. Garibaldi is reported quite ill. All the regular Greek troops who crossed the frontier into Thessaly have returned home. Dr. Pusey has written a work on the confessional that has attracted the attention of the House of Lords. The leaders of the English Protestant organisations rejoice at the Vatican’s abandonment of the Scotch hierarchy scheme, which is said to have been abandoned because steps were being taken to enforce the Scotch laws against Papal jurisdiction. The health of Dr. Isaac Butt, the Home Ruler, continues precarious, and he will not be present in Parliament this session in consequence. In the House of Lords on the 24th ult., Lord Beaconsfield, in response to a question by the Duke of Argylie, said distinctly that England was not going to be dictated to by any other Power. The supplementary grant of £6,000,000 is to be apportioned thus : £3,000,000 to the army, £2,000,000 to the navy, and £1,000,000 for contingencies. Dr. Doran, the author, has died in London. M. Waddington, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, contributes 10,000 francs to relieve the refugees at Constantinople. Two advice boats have been ordered by the French Government to Constantinople. The French ironclad at Smyrna has been ordered to protect the subjects of that Government at Constantinople if required. Russell Gurney, recorder of London, has resigned. It is calculated that after the conclusion of peace the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov ports will export 5,000,000 quarters of wheat. John O’Leary, formerly editor of the Irish People, and a noted Fenian, has been permitted temporarily to revisit Ireland, to settle private business. A woman attempted to assassinate M. Trepoff, prefect of St. Petersburg, wounding him dangerously. At a meeting of a committee of inquiry into the depression of trade in France, it was shown that the progress of industry .in the United States had compelled Great Britain to seek a larger outlet for her goods in France. A committee has been formed in Paris to promote a commercial treaty between France and the United States. Joseph Cowerr, the radical reform M.P., has made a vioierst speech against Russia-. It is calculated to provoke war. At Calais (France) 1 a false alarm at a circus led to a panic, and the- trampling to death of 10 persons. Copenhagen harbor is being, torpedoed. The Italian Government proposes an alliance with the anti-Russian Powers?. The verdict on the Cardinal Antonelli case is adverse to the claim of his reputerl daughter, the Countess Lambertini. The French Academy of Science given the Solaude prize for astronomy to Professor ; Hall, the American, discoverer of a Mars ■ satellite. j The Ameer of Cabul is massing troops at ! Candahar. The Ameer is hostile to both Persia and England. This step is considered as a menace to one or both. The passage of a Bill remonatising silver by Congress, has caused a decline in American bonds in Europe. The Prince of Wales the other day dined with the African explorer Stanley. The English army officers in Canada have received orders to join their regiments. A Canadian missionary named Maclcay hue been ordered to leave Formosa, and is threatened with death if he remains. G. W. Hennelly and the Hongkong community are in conflict, on account of the former insisting that the Chinese inhabitants should be better treated, and that they have been scandalously abused heretofore, Charles Bradlaugh and Mrs. Annie' Besasnt, the free-thought advocates, have been released from the sentence of fine and imprisonment i and police surveillance on the charge of circffl!- j lating immoral pamplets. Alexander Duff, the Scotch missionary, is dead. Cardinal Manning only commanded twelve votes at the Papal Conclave. The strike of masons in London has terminated, the men recognising the hopelessness of the struggle, which has cost £30,000. At a fire at the Tien Tsin Asylum for women and children, which was burned, 2000 I ■DfeU s^eC^ .i * iphC masters propose a conference with the j La-F casln l ’ e °Peratives before enforcing 10 per ward will probably be created Archbishop of Edinburgh and At general in advance, were .captU/Lyby - holding the Cardinal .a Papal Conclave •'pMmJsr was sunk in The coasting ■ ' i?Wteen persons U collision near xla_> - wore drowned. , rt f u&a d to- join in The Austrian Cardinals carding movement for engaging A^eign nals to vote unanimously. , ■ B«* Iteptoel Erlmge.. to firm of Erl anger and bon, cueu 31st January. have decided to abstain for . eLring-cros. and Waterloo ; br j£ph HiMetaandt, the German phllo- . sopher, isdead. ; u Manchester j oT'UrSnslng to submit to l fill wAound murdered at Yokohama.

The King of Siam intends to send a diplomatic representative to the United States next year, the first in the history of the country. The Hongkong Government refuses to allow Coolies to leave for the Sandwich Islands.

The Peru silver coinage has been suspended for further time in the French Mint. Leon Say, the Finance Minister, explains the measure as necessary on account of the silver agitation in the United States, the international commerce with India, and the condition of the Germany money market.

WAR SUMMARY. When the British fleet first entered the Dardanelles, the Turkish batteries fired a salute, believing the long-looked for aid had come at last. A telegram next clay instructed their withdrawal. It is reported that ou the second entry, to prevent the fleet from being fired on, England had to give an assurance thatit intended to protect Turkish as well as English interests. Lord Derby’s protest against the Russian, occupation of Constantinople has been published. It is very decidedly worded. It demonstrates that the entry of Russian troops would be a violation of the armistice, and might cause disorders, causing every danger to Christians which the Russian Government deprecates. It concludes —“ Her Majesty’s Government cannot acknowledge that the despatch of British ships to Constantinople has auy bearing 011 the entry of Russian troops into the city, which latter measure they consider uncalled for by auy circumstances of military or other necessity, the consequence of which may be disastrous to the whole population of t be city.” Lord Derby also telegraphs to Lord Loftus, on February 13, that he had expressed to Count Schouvaloff the Government’s earnest hope that the Russian troops would not make any movement towards Gallipoli, or any movement of a nature to threaten the communications of the fleet, as any such movement would be regarded in England as compromising the safety of the fleet; and in the actual state of the public feeling he could not answer for the consequences, which might be most serious.

Namekyk Pasha went to the Russian headquarters, charged to dissuade the Grand Duke Nicholas from occupying Constantinople. The Russians-occupied the Samdie Redoubt, which is part sf the Constantinople line of defence. The headquarters of the Turkish army of defence have been removed to Stefaus. The Turks are hurriedly erecting earthworks on the Kujulc Ohekmedge line of defence. Osman Pasha assured the editor of the Golos, at St. Petersburg, that there was no truth in the reported cruelties to prisoners of war. Baron Manteufel has been sent from Berlin to St. Petersburg ou an important mission. A deputation of the Working Men’s National Committee urged Mr. Gladstone to address a meeting in favor of the maintenance of neutrality. The 61st Regiment has left for Malta. The Russians captured 170,000 men, twenty pashas, and 1000 cannons in the war. It, is reported that Russia has suggested to England that America, as a maritime Power, should participate in the Conference. England has not objected. It is proposed also that Greece should take part. Probably this will be agreed to. It is reported that Russia suggested to the Porte the advisability of moving the Mussulman population from Bulgaria. The Berlin journals who are opposed to the policy of Austria state that Admiral Hornby has been ordered to seize the Turkish fleet, if necessary, to prevent its surrender to Russia. A Paris correspondent telegraphs that intelligence has been received that Prince Bismarck will be able to announce that, owing to the Emperor William’s friendly intervention, Russia has resolved to maintain an attitude which caurtot imperil the peaceful solution of existing difficulties. According to latest information England and Russia will maintain their respective military and naval positions during the session of the Congress. No other Powers will enter the Dardanelles, lest they should increase the complications. A special from Berlin reports that Von Mauteufel’s mission to St. Petersburg has been postponed iu consequence of the Russian reassuring statements. A Fecm correspondent says it is reported that Circassians to the number of 800, when retreating before the Russians, were suffocated with sulphur in a- cave. February 18. The Agcnce Russc denies that the details of the treaty of peace are settled. A Constantinople despatch says that the Russian advance guard has not transgressed the lines settled by the armistice. In consequence of the withdrawal of the British fleet to Mudania, the Russians will not occupy the suburbs of Constantinople. Advices from Adrianople state that it is believed peace negotiations will be completed when the Russians will withdraw from Rouxuania unless England makes some new move. A. Vienna correspondent says : —“Peace negotiations progress slowly. A recent Cabinet Council decided on the partial mobilisation of the Austrian army, if the Conference question is not settled within a fortnight.” At a subsequent Council it was decided to refer the question to Prince Bismarck, i aut q jfig good offices resulted in Russia coni seating to an early meeting of Congress, all j danger of an Austro-Russian conflict being ' time avoided. The chances of an Anglo-Austrcau alliance have been greatly diminished. The Turkish forces have evacuated Widdin, Rutschuk, Silistria Belgradiseh-e, and Erzeroum, and have withdrawn from Bujouk Ohekmedge. A correspondent at Adrianople relates an interview with Serves Pasha, who declares that Turkey haAbepn misled, and encouraged to" fight only J by the promise of English support. He particularly accuses Lord Beaconsfield and Mr. Layard of encouraging this belief. He said he had documents which he

would publish, aud declared that he had mo'ver become a partizan of the Russian policy sindl alliance. Serves Pasha’s colleagues at Adrianople confirmed his statement. The sending of the fleet to Constantinople; caused great excitement iu Russia, many" journals urging that it should be accepted as a. declaration of war. A struggle with England would be popular with the Russian army and people, although the officers speak of it gravely as a terrible conflict. There is a great falling off in the American revenues, and if it continue special legislation will be necessary to provide for current expenses. Mr. Beunett positively denies that it is lus intention to start a newspaper in London. Tidal waves swept the coast of Peru, ancJ damaged the great mole at Callao. A tremendous demonstration iu favor of a. protective tariff took place at St. Petersburg. A box supposed to contain remains of Columbus lias been exhumed at Sail Domingo.

Hunter has challenged Morris, of Pittsburgh,, to row five miles, for a thousand doll firs asideand the championship of the United States. Ten thousand laborers applied to the Mayor of Boston for work.

The New York Bank, since gold fell below one hundred and two, have been buying gold extensively, and turning their capital into gold. The U. S. naval officers recommend an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars for the Arctic expedition. William Hastings, of California, has petitioned Congress to relieve him from his allegiance, on the ground that the Government is corrupt-, and justice is denied him. A lire at Troy destroyed the Times office. Henry Schmidt, the pedestrian, walked five hundred miles in 145 hours, 17 minutes, and 55 seconds.

Two Chicago Courts have ruled that persons taking the copyright of plays by shorthand may be criminally liable.

Deputy Grand Mr. J. B. Ilosman, of the United States Odd Eellows, has been commissioned to visit the Australian colonies.

General Percy, of Cuba, has been killed in battle.

Ex-Senator Grant, of the New York “ ring,” a fugitive, has surrendered to justice.

Sir Alexander Gold, of Canada, has arrived at Washington to promote a commercial treaty between the United States aud British America.

A Canadian laborer’s wife has given birth to twins attached to each other by a ligature similar to that joining the Siamese twins. Frightful gales have prevailed along the Atlantic coast. The shore is strewn with wreckage. There has been great loss of life. Russian official organs advocate a general European disarmament after the peace, to economise Russian finances.

GENERAL SUMMARY. After the funeral service of Victor Emmanuel, an Orsini bomb was thrown amongst the returning crowd, wounding five persons. The thrower was insane, but the police with difficulty prevented the people from lynching him. The Emperor William recently said to the President of the Reichstag that the situation is indeed serious, but nevertheless we will hope that the maintenance of peace is possible. The Austrian Minister of Finance visits London on a special mission. The Spanish Cortes opens on the 15th. King Alfoaso stated that he contemplates a treaty of commerce with the United States, which will be presented for approval. Cardinal Simeoni sent a protest to all nuncios against the proclamation of Prince Humbert as King of Italy, but the different Powers refused to accept it. The Queen has subscribed £IOOO to the Turkish Compassionate Eund. . A Bill has been adopted by the French Chambers granting an amnesty for Press offences. 2700 persons were convicted of such offences under the Broglie Cabinet. A portion of the town of Pesth has been inundated.

Another regiment has been ordered to South Africa.

The arbitrators decided, in reference to the South Staffordshire iron workers, that wages should be reduced 7\ per cent. The Chinese took Kashgar by a coup de main. The whole of Kashgar is now in their possession. They have been guilty of fearful cruelties.

The uncertain state of political affairs clouds all business in Great Britain. Discount houses are said to hold very large amounts of money which they are unable to employ on any terms. The marriage of King Alfonso to the Princess Mercedes, the third daughter of the Due de Montpensier, was celebrated with great splendor at the Ocha Cathedral, Madrid, on the 23rd January. The annexation of the Indian Island of St. Bartholomew to France is approved by the Chamber of Deputies. The Austrian Ministry has resigned, but a compromise is expected. The trial of the Russian Nihilists is over. Out of 100 accused, only twenty were convicted. A number of the prisoners belonged to the Noblesse, who resided in all parts of the Empire. The strike of the London masons is over. The late Pope’s wealth is estimated at six million pounds. Social propagandists have been arrested at Odessa.

In India hostilities with the Gowakas have been resumed. An engagement occurred with the enemy ou the 15th. They were defeated, with the loss ot six English soldiers. Advices from Capetown are not satisfactory. Numerous encounters have taken place between the Volunteers and the Kaffirs. The Tabohiasos have revolted, aud it is to be feared that the Terubus will rise. J. and G. Rilberliasen, Hamburg cotton importers, both committed suicide on account of failure in business.

The Oldham mills are closed, and the men gone on strike. Osman Pasha will certainly be court-mar-tialled next month on the charge of burying Russians alive. The people are so exasperated that he dare not leave his lodgings. I'he jiolice have difficulty in preventing a public demonstration against him. The Pasha denies the truth of the charges made against him. Just before his death, the Pope prepared an allocution against the Russians for persecuting the Polish Church, and against Humbert for assuming the title of King of Italy. Lord 13eaconsfield has declined the Order of the Garter offered him by the Queen. Twelve thousand Wigan weavers resisted the threatened reduction of wages. The Northumberland miners’ strike has ended. The Sheerness and Portsmouth dockyard workmen have been ordered to make overtime. Large numbers of men have been engaged, and the dockyard authorities are ordered not to lose a moment’s time in making ships available. Typhus fever prevails to such an extent in the Ilussian Caucasus army as to become a plague. The Duke of Northumberland has been appointed Lord Privy Seal. AMERICAN NEWS. San Erancisco, Eeb. 17, midnight. Since the departure of last mail rains have been almost continuous throughout the States. The Sacramento River overflowed the streets of the capital, and a vast extent of country was flooded. The damage is estimated at from 750,000 to 1,000,000 dollars. The number of unemployed people is great in San Erancisco, and poverty and distress prevail to an alarming extent. Soup houses and free sleeping places have been established. Two churches and other j>roperty have been destroyed by fire in New York on Eebruary 17, near the Second Avenue. The damage is estimated at nearly 1,000,000 dollars. The Erench Minister at Washington entertains fears that the Paris Exposition will be postponed. Among the changes in the new Tariff Bill submitted to Congress, the National Committee of Ways and Means recommend the following:—The duty on clothing wool, such as merino, Metz, or Metis wools, imported from New Zealand and Australia, worth at the last port of export 32 cents or less per pound, excluding the charges at that port, shall be 8 cents per pound ; and if the value exceed 32 cents, 10 cents a pound. A treaty of friendship and commerce between the United States and Samoa has been ratified on Eebruary 11th. The harbor of Pagopago has been volunlarily ceded to the United States as a naval depot and coaling station. It is possible that the Pacific mail steamer Australia en route will call at Samoa for the mails, and a vessel of war will be stationed there. A delegation of women was heard by a judiciary committee of Congress in favor of female suffrage. TlicAmericanshave been driven of the Newfoundland fishing grounds hv the fishermen of that place. The matter will come before the respective Governments. The barque King Phillip drifted ashore near Golden Gate, San Erancisco, and is a total wreck. A despatch from the United States ViceConsul at Shanghai, says : “ An appalling famine is raging throughout four provinces of North China, and millions of people are reported to be destitute, and children are daily being sold in the markets for food.” Sitting Bull has crossed the Canadian border, and is now, with 500 followers, on American toil. An attempt was made to blow up the Canadian Institute at Montreal, but was prevented by the timely discovery of the explosive package. P. H. Barnum, the showman, and two other defendants, have been compelled to pay 40,000d01. for a libel on R. J. Miles, of the Cincinnati Grand Opera House. The Einance Committee of the Massachusetts House of Representatives have reported a Bill making the entire indebtedness of that State payable in gold. The trade between the United Stales and the Hawaian Islands has increased one-half since the reciprocity treaty was established. Thomas Adamson, United States Consul at Melbourne, has been nominated Consul-Gene-ral at Rio Janeiro. Wool dull ; no prospect of improvement. Australian offered in New York at from two to forty-five cents. Elour at San Erancisco selling at five dollars fifty-five cents. Wheat quiet and easier. Hides livelier. ADDITIONAL MAIL NEWS. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT). The likelihood of the Prince of Wales visiting Australia in 1879 is revived. Colonels Euglin, Wood, Rowland, Pitt, and Jarvis have gone with reinforcements to the Cape. A number of Gatling guns, firing a thousand shots a minute, have also been sent. The Chimborazo took 50,000 salmon eggs for New Zealand. Lord Beaconsfield expressed surprise that Earl Carnarvon should not have returned to the Cabinet when the orders for the fleet to enter the Dardanelles were withdrawn, that being the ground of his resignation. Sir James Eergusson was defeated by a considerable majority at Greenock, owing to the circulation of a placard at the last moment announcing the Conservatives’ intention to ask for a wav vote. The Conservatives were also beaten at Perth and Leeds. > Lord Charles Beresford has been swindled out of £I4OO by a Chinese servant, who forged his name. An order sent to Chatham for all the dockyard hands to work overtime caused some excitement. The war vessels preparing for sea at Chatham are the ironclad Monarch (8322

tons), Northampton (7323 tons), Penelope (4394 tons), besides several large unarmoured vessels. More hands have been engaged for all departments at Woolwich arsenal, and for Plymouth and Davenport dockyards. A regiment which was under orders to leave Portsmouth lias been directed to remain there, and hold itself in readiness for other movements. , Sulieman Pasha, after his defeat by Gourlca, escaped towards Gallipoli with 40,000 men. The Porte simply protested against the second entry of the fleet into the Dardanelles. Eifty thousand refugees are at Constantinople. Many are armed. There are disturbances and great distress in the capital and. throughout Roumelia. Small-pox and fever are increasing among the refugees at Constantinople, and the distress is very great. The Emperor of Germany subscribed £2OO to the International Refuge Fund, The Austrian subjects residing in Roumania bave been summoned to report themselves to the Austrian Consulate, in view of possible Austrian mobilisation. There are many petitions against the retrocession of Bessarabia to Russia. Considerable Russian reinforcements are ariving at Jassy. At Athens it is feared that in consequence of the reports of atrocities in Thessaly it may become impossible to restrain the troops from re crossing the frontier. A St. Petersburg letter from a semi-official source states that the retrocession of Bessarabia is a personal question with the Czar.

A St. Petersburg correspondent telegraphs that notwithstanding Lord Derby’s explanation, the sending of the fleet to Constantinople and the Parliamentary vote of credit have produced a pi’ofound impression here. He thinks these acts constitute a breach of neutrality justifying immediate war. Eortunately the Government has not adopted this view, but is sincerely desirous of avoiding further complications. It would be dangerous, however, to impose on this conciliatory spirit. With the general public war with England would be very popular, and in the small circle of those who influence the foreign policy of Russia several urge strong measures. The moment is critical, and even a simple waut of tact on the part of the British Cabinet might have most serious consequences. A Vienna correspondent confirms the report that the British action has produced a serious impression at Berlin and St. Petersburg as to the question whether the Porte, by admitting foreign men-of-war, does not give Russia the right to march on Constantinople. In the House of Commons Gladstone suggested an address to the Crown from both Houses of Parliament, assuring the Queen of support in the Conferen.ee, instead of a vote of credit. Gladstone said the armistice removed all appveheusion of Turkey being encouraged by the House to look for English aid, and also removed the reason for persevering in the vote now that there was not any apprehension of the Russian occupation of Constantinople. The Government, by the menacing attitude they proposed, were taking a step in the direction of barbarism and violence. lu. urging that the vote of credit should be withdrawn in favor of an address to the Crown, which he had pioposed, lie said he conceded the necessity of supporting the Government by some declaration before they entered into the Conference, and he would support the Government in using their influence to induce Russia to relinquish her claim for the retrocession of Bessarabia, and also for tire free navigation of the Danube, and in obtaining liberal terms for Turkey as far as was consistent with the interests of Turkish subjects. Gathorne Hardy, the Secretary for War, pointed out that t- c Government were ignorant of the conditions of the armistice, and that the Russian army had reached a point which, if negotiations failed, might be dangerous for Europe. It was important to be prepared, because of late wars were sudden and untorsoen. The Russian basis of peace was exceedingly vague, and although Government had been told the condition relative to the Straits was withdrawn, it still remained a good object to secure a permanent and solid peace. Grudging £6,000,000 now, might involve a future expenditure of £600,000,000. The Government had been misrepresented throughout the country, and they were not now going to accept an empty vote of confidence. If the vote of credit should be denied, it was time for them to resign. They did not desire to lead a crippled existence. The Powers were armed to the teeth, and a single spark might light the live threatening. It was for the best interests of the country that they asked the House to give them this credit vote, so that they might perform their part in European affairs for the benefit of mankind.