SHERMAN’S MARCH

New Zealander, Volume XXII, Issue 2393, 3 April 1865, Page 3

SHERMAN’S MARCH

(fro* the army and navy gazette.) It is now three years since the Special Correspondent of the Times stated, in one of his letters to the leading journal, bis <'<convietion, that if the external coat of mail ■ in which the South is enwrapped were once pierced, the body would be found soft and yielding. The opposition encountered by Sherman in his very able and apparently most successful march through north-eas-i tern Georgip corroborated the author of the “Diary North and South ” in his oftenexpressed opinions. Although the news of the capture of Savannah is not officially ' conveyed to us, it may be taken to be very • probable, as all the chances were against the Confederates being able to collect an army sufficiently strong to hold both Fos- . ter and Sherman in check. Savannah was •closed seawards to ihe Confederates ever nince the capture of Fort Pulaskibut it was a very important city, and its capture would produce an immense impression all . over the Confederacy, particularly as the rev“i port of it would run in couple with the news of Hood’s overthrow before Nash- . ville. '> The march of Sherman disposes effectually of the of.-quoted remark, that the ft Federate have never been able to move an army beyond the fire of their gunboats. It . has touched Georgia to the heart —a State selected from its security and central posi- • tions as the of the powder manufactories, arsenals, and storehouses of the Confederate government. We have in our last 'week’s paper given a brief account of the ’* incidents of Sherman’s progress, but we were not then acquainted with some very interesting details. It appears that the attack on East Macon on the 20th of No- ; vember was made for the purpose of covering the destruction of the railroad communication between Macon proper and Savannah, and of distracting the attention of the ■enemy. On the 22nd the cavalry which a had attacked East Macon, and done as much I damage as possible far and near, returned " to Howard’s column at Griswoldsville,

where the Georgians, under a' Genenl i: Phillips, mastering some 12 battalions of militia and volunteers, were repulsed with ; a loss of near 700 men iu an assault on the Federal intrenched camp. At Griswoldsville Howard left the railroad and marched across country towards the Oconee River, which he did not cross , without some opposition and delay ; but on the 21th the Federals turned the enemy near Gordon, and on the 25 th their cavalry entered SanJeraville, 22 miles to the east of Milledgeville, after a smart skirmish, and were followed by the bulk of the column on the : followingday. The Federals under Howatd ; next passed the Ogeechee River and continued to advance on the 27th, 28th, and ■i 29th to Lauisville, encountering continual hut ineffectual opposition from Wheeler’s horse, the state militia, and even the lads of the State College. Milieu fell on the 2nd. Next day there was a severe cavalry action outside the place, and on the 4th an expewho was hanging on the column, drove him ditionary corps sent out to drive off Wheeler, out of his entrenched and retired to Millen with little loss. Sherman had now got the Savannah River on his left, and the Ogeechee on his right flank, and he prooeeded to Savannah in leisurely hut not lazy marches, encountering but little opposition. On some days between the 4th and 10th, he marched fourteen and eighteen miles, on the others only eight or ten ; hut if it be true that his advance guard was only twenty-five miles from Savannah on the 6th, It is very strange that his army should have got no further than Bloomingale, which is fifteen miles from Savannah, on 10th of December. Next day he marched ten miles, for he was within five miles of Savannah, drawn up in order of battle, on Sunday, December the 1 Ith. All his army was with him, hut its divided march had led to great destruction of property. General Slocum’s column, for instance, had been harrying the land from Madison, on the Georgia Railroad, burning railroad stations,

tearing up rails,destroying cotton gins, and screws ('for the better encouragement of the Confederate loan holders) on a wide front, which was linked to the flank of Howard’s column some 30 miles away by swarms of horse. The counties of Green ; Jasper Putnam, Washington, and Jefferson were thus ransacked and the ancient worthies who stood as godfathers for these Southern shires would have stood mightily aghast had they seen the work their defendants were about in the country of Eutaw Springs. Strist discipline was perserved along the line of march, but the army lived on its plunder, and gave no vouchers for anything taken away. They found abundance on all sides of such food as man and beast could live om, and thus arrived in excellent case before Savannah, where we have just left‘them. And now we come to consider the position of Sherman in front of the city. What we know further is simply this. At 8 a.m. on the 14th December a Federal steamer left Charleston Harbor with the news that a Confederate vessel which came down from the city with a flag of truce relating to some prisoners, brought intelligence that Savannah had been taken on the 13 th December by Sherman after some hard and protracted fighting. It was added by the Government despatch agent on board the Federal steamer that he saw the fleet off Sumter fire a salute and dress in flags as if to celebrate some great victory, and that they were too far for signals. It is difficult to understand what Sherman was doing all the time between the 10th and 13th December, as he was all these days within five miles of the enemy, and he had not wearied his troops, and could not hope to be better off, unless he was waiting for a message from the sea and from Foster. A day before Sherman drew up in a line of battle outside Savannah, an officer and two men set down at the Ogeechee in a boat, and on the third day (December 12) opened the first communication with the Federal world direct which Sherman has had since he left Atlanta. The news they brought was cheering. Dahlgren, at the head of a large naval force in Port Royal, became aware of Sherman’s position and his projects, and the result of the information may have been felt in the subsequent operations. And mw comes the puzzling part of the combination. The Richmond papers of the 16th report that Fort M’Allister was taken by Sherman on the 14th December. This is a strong work on the broad estuary of the Ogeechee, fiifteen mile! south-west of Savannah, and six miles from Ossabaw Sound. How is it that the Richmond papers say nothing of the capture of Savannah itself ? Has the fact happened, or were they ignorrant of it, or was it forbdden to publish it ? If Savannah fell, it must have fallen, according to the agent’s account, on the 13th; but here the lesser event obscures the greater. Perhaps the agent relied on his imagination for his facts, or he might have been vaticinatory. In a few days we shall see our way through this maze of dates and statements.

There seems to be no reason to doubt that Foster really broke the line between Savannah and Charleston by destroying the Pocotaligo bridge, and Augusta and Macon were also cut off from Savannah by Sherman’s previous operations. The heavy repulse of the Federals by far inferior numbers of the Confederates at Grahamsville did not prevent the gunboats going up Broad River and landing a force wKicK effected that important operation at Pocotaligo ; but Foster nevertheless could not join Sherman by land, and it remains to be seen whether his troops were not carried round by water to operate against Fort M‘Allister. Tlie opinions expressed in this journal last week respecting the futility of Hood’s siege of Nashville have been speedily justified by his complete defeat. General Thomas, after the delay of some days, during which he no doubt was reinforced, assumed the offensive, and attacking Hood, who seems to have been so utterly incompetent as to have overlooked the possibility of being attacked in two days, drove his army in two disjointed masses towards the frontiers of Alabama and Mississippi. These events occurred on the 14th and 16 th, but any hope of assistance in the latter State had been frustrated by General Canby’s expedition from Vicksburg, which bad cut the line from Jackson, and Hood would be obliged to recover himself in Alabama as well as the condition of the country would permit him. From the army of the Potomac there is no nows of any importance, although the fronts and flanks of both armies are in a state of incessant belligerency and motion.

JOTTINGS FROM THE MAIL.

Proposed Visit 6f General Garibaldi to Liverpool.—The Liverpool Mercury of January 10, says ; -* We believe it is not premature to announce that Liverpool may look forward to an early visit from the illustrious Italian patriot who last year made a brief sojourn in this country. General Garibaldi has, we understand, accepted an invitation to become the guest of our townsman, Mr. J. R. Jeffrey, in the course of the ensuing spring ; and there can be no doubt that the reception accorded to him will be such as to deepen and airenglhen the impression which he has formed of the hospitality of Englishmen.” It is expected that the work of shipping the Atlantic cable and preparing the ‘Great Eastern ’ for sea will occupy about five months from the present time. Under present arrangements she will not take her departure from the Medway until June n xt, so as to have the best period of the year before her for her important undertakmg.— Daily 'Sews, Jan li. Tub Novelist Richardson. - We recollect but one drop of hu nour in all the tomes that he has left, and of that he seems himself unconscious. It occurs in the post-nuptial account of his early profligacy, with which Mr, B. regales his young wife and an admiring circle o! friends He is describing what his mother used to say to him when he came home at 5 o’clock in the morning; “ Ay, poor lady,” continued he “ she used now and then to catechise me, and was sure I was not so good as I ought to be. * For. son,’ she would say, * these late hours, these all night works, and to come home so sobir, cannot be right.” The worthy old soul bad rather he had been brought home in a barrow, atter spending the night like a gentleman, than he should sneak back to bod like a fox to his kennel, after preying on some farmer’s henroost. — Fraser's Magazine for January. Dublin International Exhibition.—The British colonies, altbou'h laboring under disadvantages from the short notice given them and the difficulty of obtaining legislative grants so soon after the last London Exhibition, will be fairly represented by small but interesting collections of produce and manu'actnres at Dublin in May next. The Australasian colonies will have collections of their wools, wines, fibres, silk, woods, oils, cotton, grain, arrowroot, minerals, and objects of natural history, and even some illustrations of fine arts in photographs and pictures. India will show a magnificent collection of raw products and rich manu’actnres, arranged by Dr. Forbes Watson, of the India Museum. Ceylon sends carved wood tables, a fine collection of fibres and ropes, gums, oils, grains, and pharmaceutical products. Malta will show tba carved stone- ' work, silver filigree, and mosaic lace for which

she is so famous, with probably mosaic work and other articles. The North American colonies are making some preparations to be represented. Several of the West Ind a islands send furniture, cotton, and other fibres, objects of natural history, shell work, pimento, coffee, and other walking-sticks, which have recently risen into a targe and profitable trade, besides samples ot those staple pro i nets which are tho mainstay of their industry. Lagos, Sierra Leone, and other West African colonies will make a fine display ot native mats and basketwork, country cloths, native cariosities, carved calabashes, and articles of produce. Most of the African merchants and companies have promised their aid in contributions. Other colonies contribute produce and miscellaneous objects of various kinds — Dai y News, On Sundav a Rock te notice was posted at one of the piers of the Roman Catholic chapel of Johnstown, about two and-and-a-half miles from Navan, in the connty of Meath. The wording of ihe notice (says the correspondent of the Dublin Express) bore the figure of death’s head and cross bones at top, nd was to the effect that three certain magistrates of the district, and three farmers, whoso names were given, should take immediate warning, and have their coffins in readiness, as they would not have long to live. The cause of this threatening notice, whether it be want of sufficient labor amongst the peasantry, or that the parties have in some way incurred the malice of the leaders of Ribbonism, is a complete mystery at present. What with numerous malicious burnings here lately and other outrages, it is rumored that an application will be made to have the county proc’aimed. . The members of the Ordnance Select Committee assembled at the Royal Arsenal practice range this day to witness a trial of breechloading rifles, which had been converted into these weapons from the old pattern Rnfields, in accordance with a notice addressed to gunmakers by the war department some months since. A large number of gnn-mannfacturers have succeeded in adapting the Enfield rifle as a breech loader, and specimens sent in by the Mont Storm firm, Messrs. Green, and others, were tested this day wuh much success. The rifles were fired from a government rest by a sergeant Royal Artillery employed in the laboratory department, and some of the weapons at the rate of 20 rounds per minute. The trial will be contiuued during the week.— D tily News, Jan. 11. One of the Results op Emancipation.— The Baltimore American says the abolition of slavery in Maryland is being attended with the good results the friends of emancipation expected. A steady stream of emigrants from sister States, particularly Pennsylvania, is pouring in, now that “ free labor ” has become a settled fact, la every county of State large sal s of land have taken place during the past two months, and the purchasers are men who intend to settle, and who do not purchase for the sake of speculation. The Denton Union, published in Carolina County, reports the sale ot three farm* at good prices, all to Pennsylvanians. Tho Somersetshire H raid says that “ more land is wanted ; northerners continue to visit this county Somerset) looking for farms.” Thus it will be whrereever slavery is abolished. Immigrants will flock in, land rises in value, and tho march of improvement begin, A New Enterprise.— The blockale runners carrying cotton from Wilmington, Charleston, and Mataraoras to Nassau and Bermuda have been pretty closely watched of late by our armed vessels, and chased so sharply that they had to throw quantities of cotton overboa d. These vessels run always in a regular track after they get outside the bio kading line, so that ships coming from the West Indies with fruit have frequently found a rich harvest of cotton afloat, for which they occasionally sacrifice their cargo, permitting it to rot while they are gathering in the m>re valuable castaways of the blockade runners.— American Paper. Let them take this report of the Union'Post-master-General and compare it with that of the Postmaster-General, an abstract of which we lately published While the Union official announces a receipt of 12,438,251 dollars lor the past year, the tehel official acknowledges that his department has not yielded 3,000.000 dollars during tne tho same time. — New York Paper , Cotton in Sicilt. —Letters state that the cultivation of cotton in Sicily this year will be very extensive, the soil beingvery well-suited to it. The first idea entertained was that the part of the coast opposite Africa was the best ca’culated for tho growth of the article, but that supposition has turned out erroneous ; on the Northern coast, however, the experiments have succeeded perfectly.— Daily New*. The New Free Press of Vienna makes known a proposition of Prussia which that journal calls a “ new trick.” To the demand made by Austria to place the provisional government of the Dachies in the hands of the Prince of Augustenburg, the Cabinet of Berlin replied by a proposition to confide it to the Grand Duke of Oldenbnrg, and pointed oat that there would be everything to gain by the sovereignty in Sles-wig-HoDtein by a prince already a sovereign, and whose experience and prudence would present every desirable guarantee. A Paris letter in the Journal du Havre says : next ballot the TuLeries in a dress of new manufacture, a pattern of which was sent by a maker of Lyons,, and which has had immense success. It is made of siix and silver, the reflections of which are so splendid and the shades so soft that the general aspect resembles the moon on the waters of. a lake The stuff has already received the name of the Drap Je Phoebe ” . . . Tho C h irivari publishes a woodcut m which 1864 is giving instructions to 1865, both represented under the guise of young women. In front of them is to be seen a tremendously fat Pruss an soldier, walking about with great selfcomr>lacency. “If that customer,” says 1854, “ should call for anything, be sure not to serve him, for ever since I have been here he has done nothing but serve himsell.” Rebuking a Juryman.— A curious iocident took place at Seine. M. Lachaud was speaking in defence of a woman named Fuel, accused of having abstracted certain securities belonging to the succession of a'person named Panlmier, by whom she was employed as attendant, when one of the jurymen, who had several times shown his feelings by significant gestures, said in a low voice, bat distinctly enough to be heard by the learned counsel, “ That circumstance is of no consequence.” M. Lachand immediat'ly stopped, put on his cap, and declared that after such an improper manifestation he could not continue the defence. On the President as ring what course he intended to pursue, the latter replied that, considering the words used by one of tho jurymen as an expression of feeling hostile to the prisoner, he requested tho affair to be put off to another session. That course was accordingly ordered, and the case will come on again towards the e d of the month. If Savannah fell, it must have fallen, according to the agent’s account, on the I3ih, but here the lesser event obscures the greater. Perhaps the relied on his im iginatiou for his facts, or he might have been vaticiuatory. In a fevv days we shall see our way through this mazs ot dales and statements.

There seems to be no reason to doubt that Foster reallybroke the line between Savannah and Charleston by destroying the Poeotal go bridge, and Augusta and Macon were also cm oft from Savannah by Sherman’s previous operations. The heavy repulse of the Federate by far inferior numbers of the Confederates at Grahamsville did not prevent the gunboats going up Broad River and landing a force which effected that important operation at Pocotaligo ; bat Foster nevertheless coaid not join Sherman by land, and it remains to be seen whether his troops were not carried round by water to operate against Fort M’Allister.' The opinion expressed in this journal last week respecting the futility of Hood’s siege of Nashville have been speedily justified by his complete defeat. General Thomas after the delay of some days, during which he no doubt was reinforced, assumed the offinsiv ■, and attacking Hood, who seems to have been so utterly incompetent as to have overlooked the possibility of being attacked in two days, drove his army in two disjointed masses towards the frontiers of Alabama and Mississippi, These events occurred on the 14th and 16th, bat any hope of assistance in the latter Slate had been frustrated by General Canby’s expedition from Vicksburg, which had cat the line from Jackson, and Hood would be obliged to recover himself in Alabama as well as the condition of the country woald permit him. From the army of the Potomac there is

no news of any importance, although the fronts and flanks of both armies are in a state of incessant belligerancj and motion. Memory in a Bird —Last winter, during the hard frost that succeeded the new year, a little Robin-redbreast regularly attended the quarrymen who raise stones for Langside Lime Kiln, when they were eating their dinner-piece, and picked up the crams that might happen to fall from them. It soon became so tame as to pick from the hand. This it continued to do until the nesting season, when it went off, and no more was seen of it, until about a month ago, when, as one of the mea happened to be mending a gate near the quarry, little redbreast lighted on a piece of wool he held in his band, and, turning np its eye confidently, showed unmistakably that it knew its old friend. The man produced some crumbs from his pocket, a motion redbreast appeared to understand by hopping on to his hand and picking them. Since then it may be seen daily taking food from the hand, at a stance near the quary ;r another, and a stronger one, having taken p issession of the quarry, and showing fight to its tame brother whenever he attempts to come □ear. If this is not memory, it is something very like it. —Ayr Advertiser. The New Baronet. -Mr. Alfred Tennyson, the Poet Laureate, upoa whom her Majesty has graciously conferred a baronetcy, is a son of the late Rev. George Tennyson, M. A., Rector of Somerby, near Grantham, and a nephew of the late Right Hon. Charles Tennyson D’Eyencourt, who was for many years member for the metropolitan borough of Lambeth. He was bora in 18J9 at his father’s rectory home, and having been educated mai dy at home, proceeded to the university of Cambridge, and entered at Trinity College ; but he does not appear, from the published lists, to have taken either classical or mathematical honors, in 1829, when an undergraduate, he gained the Chancellor’s Medal for the best Poem in Heroic Verse; and recited it in due course in the Senate-house on Commencement-day. At the Cemmomoratiou of 1835 the University of Oxford conferred on him Die honorary degree of D.C.L., aud the Master and Fellows of his own college have conferred an honor on him by placing his bust in the vestibule of th *ir library. It was in 183j that Mr. Alfred Tennyson published his first volume, entitled “ Poems, chiefly Lyrical,” This was followed by “Mort d’Arthur,” “ LocksloyHall,” the “ May Queen,” the “Two Voices,” and other poems; and upon the dea hj 61 Wordsworth, in 1851, the post of Poet Laureate was offered to him and accepted. Sine that time he has published many works with which the public are familiar. Paris, January 16.—The Temps ot this even ing publishes a letter from its Naples correspondent, in which the writer relates a conversation that had taken place between himself and Cardinal Andrea. His Eminence declared himself a man of progress, and as such regretted the publication of the Encyclical. He sympathised with tho liberal catholics of France, and expressed a wish that Italy might be entirely independent, throwing off the yoke of Austria and Veneiia. The correspondent further states that, iu reply to his question, if there were any other cardinals having simalar views, Cardinal Andrea said, “ I believe there are five or six,”— Reuter's Telegram to the Daily "Sews. No monarchy is so sparing as the Chinese in the bestowmont of hereditary rank ; and, by a wise provision, the rank ! s commonly reduced by one degree in each genera 1 ion, so that in all but exceptional cases it becomes extinct in a definite time. The Prince of Kang, for instance, uncle of the young Emperor, and virtual regent during his minority, is an exceptional case. The rank and title have Ltely been confirmed in perpetuity to the family of the prinpe, who has been a father to his imperial ward, aud who, wi bout possessing great ability, conducted the affairs of the Emperor through a most critical period.—Perkin correspondent of the New York Times. Extraordinary Thin Iron. —The iron letter sent from Pennsylvania (says the Birmingham Post) as “ the thinnest sheet of iron yet rolled in the world,” has elicited numerous competitors in this country, and has a' last been signally beaten. The sheet in question w>s the 1,000 part of an inch in thickness. Messrs. James, of Bilston, have rolled some considerably thinner, and some rolled by Messrs. R. Williams and Co., of Swan Village, Westbromwich is 1,015 part of an inch thick, and is very tough. But that which at present bears aw ay the palm is some rolled by Messrs. Nevill, Everitt, and Co., of the Marsfield Iron Works, Llanelly, and is the 1,403 part of an inch in thickness.

The Turkish Army.—An important measure, both in an economical and military point of view, has just been adopted by the Porte. It grants leave of absence, during six months of the year, to all soldiers who have served a sufficient time to acquire the experience and practice necessary for military duties. An important saving—which forms one of the temporary economics promised in the report on the budget—will thus be effected. Better men will be secured for the army, now that the soldiers will be able for some months in the year to enjoy the comforts of home. The suspension of the conscription, a measure which we announced some time ago, is a corollary to the regulation. The order provides that all soldiers and non-commissioned officers who, after having attained the necessary degree of skill in their military drill and instruction, may desire to spend tbe winter season in their homes, shall be permitted to leave their regiments during that period of the year in which the rigours of the season prevent the practice of military exercise. Orders to this effect have been forwarded to the commanders of the different corps, restrictions being made with regard to some garrisons of exceptional importance, such as those of Belgrade, Candia, Triopoli of Birbary, and the frontier of Koloshiu and Birana. The troops stationed in the latter places will be changed regularly every two years, and they only will they be able to take a 1 vantage of the new regulations; the commanders may also apply the same restriction to the troops stationed in any place they may con-icier to be in a i exceptional state. The conditions attached to the leave of absence thus accorded areas fo.lows:—Soldiers on leave must join their regiments on the first summons, by forced marches. They must on no account leave the saudjak in which their homes are situated. Those not complying with the summons will be treated as deserters, will be punished as such with the utmost rigor of the law, and be compelled to begin their military service anew. Those whose term of service expires during their absence, may, on receiving their certificate, be placed on the reserve, a id go where they please. Non-commissioned officers on leave may take their due promotion notwithstanding. Sol iers committing offences whilst on leave will be subject to the civil law. As we have remarked, in consequence of this regulation the government will hare no need of recruits during the present year : orders have therefore been given to stop the conscription.— Levant Hsrald, January 4. Austria Stops the Wat.—Figures show, year alter year, that every country which isolates itself from mankind by prohibition, no matter what may be the na'ural riches of its soil and cli nate, withers un ler the influence of protective tariffs. The people ont of the open air of competition grow idle and weak. The exports of 1861 in England were of the value of 217,0 )0,000 sterling, and the imoorts of 160,000,000 sterling, including 35,000,000 of foreign and colonial merchandise; the revenue was £70,600,000, and exceeded the ex-

pendimre What do the satisfies of Austria show us ? Why in 1861 62 her total imports were 22,000,000 sterling, her exports 34,0 'O,OOO her revenue 40,000,000, her expenditure 51.000. ; and, as a consequence, her debt is accumulating in geometrical progression ; her credit is low, and her paper is depreciated. This mngnificient empire of 36,000,0)0, and of the finest races of Europe, and with mines also in the Carpathians. Bohemia, and the Alps, with 64.000. hectares of lands, stretching over the rich plains on the Upper Elbe and the D muba, is thus crippled by a good Emperor and a pat.iotic chamber, on the speculation that certain manufactures will prosper ultimately in Austria, if they are nursed and encouraged at the expense of the nation for some indefinite period.—Dr. Farr, in Journal of Statistical Society, for December. A War Prisoner’s Letter. —The rules of LUby prison, Richmond, allow but six lines to the letters of our soldiers confined there to their friends at home. Here is a specimen written within the limits; “My dear wife: Tours received ; no hopes of exchange ; send com starch; want socks ; no money l ; rehu-

matism in left shoulder ; pickles very good send sausages. Got bless you! Kiss the baby. Hail Columbia. Your devoted husband, ” imerican Paper. The renowned 600-poander Armstrong gun known by the cognomen of “ Big Will,” weighing 22 tons 18 cwt,, and haring a bore of !3-3in., has been landed at the gun wharf in the Roal Arsnenal at Woolwich, and is ordered to be fitted with its carriage and platform. The gun has been varnished over the exterior, and, notwithstanding the lengthened and severe course of trial which it underwent at Shoehnryness, its appearance is now equal to that which it bore on being turned out of the factory new. The Japanese Peasants.—l have seen the soil about Nagasaki, Hukadade, Yedo, and Kanagawa, and it is all the same; yielding bounteous returns only to pains-taking labor. And this labor the Japanese peasant faithfully bestows til all the country laughs with fatness. For him their are no ambitions beyond honest toil; the conditions of his life are fixed irrevocably ; ho is haunted by no dreams of power, pursued by no restless avarice, and so his human machine runs on gently without many frets or breaks. His wife is industrious like himself, her spinning wheel sings by the door, and the shuttle of his daughter’s loom flies by the win dow. liiithe rice culture and the cotton picking they labor by his side. His chiliren have full run of the streets for their earlier years tbe girl plays with dolls and dresses, the boy snares birds, robs birds nests, dams up the little rills, sails his tiny boat, bakes his mud pies in the sun, and tears his trousers—till such times as he is able to go to the woods for fuel, or to the fields to hoe and weed. But one thing is to be remembered, to school he must go, and the sun is hardly up before he is off to school with shining brown face and the roll of paper which makes his copy-book in hand.—New York ,! Tribune . The Greek Chair at Oxford. —We hear from Oxford that there is a probability of the long vexed question of the Greek professorship being satisfactorily settled, by the endowment of the chair by the authorities of Christ Church. This is in a great measure owing to the letters recently printed by Mr. E. A. Freeman, pointing out the obligation on the part of Christ Church to endow the professorship from their revenue.— Literary Gazette, Poland,—The Wilna correspondent of the Moscow Gazitte thus describes the present state of the capital of Lithuania :— •* The shop inscriptions are Russian ; in the streets, in cafes, restaurants, and shops of every kind, all speak Russian. Here and there may sometimes be heard a little Hebrew; bnt it is very rarely that a word of Polish, French, or German is spoken. In fact, you will hear less Russian at St. Peters- ' burg and Odessa than at Wilna, where only lately the Russian language was almost condemned to banishment. In the educational district of Wilna there were, before the year 1863, 6,123 impi's in the schools. Of those 445 have since been banished for singing patriotic hymns and other political offences. At the commencement of the year L 863-4 fines of from 100 to 200 silver roubles were imposed on parents and guardians for each offence commute 1 by a pupil, and at the same time the children of Russian priests were admitted without charge. The result is, that no political offences are now committed in these schools. But the most effectual measure was the dismissal of Polish teachers. Nearly all the teachers in the schools are now Russians. ’ Results op the American Wab.—Let us for a moment remember what has occurred since this war began. Shortly after the United States troops surrendered to Beauregard in Fort Sumter, tbe Confederacy flew its flag from Brownville on the Rio Grande to Alexandria on the Potomac, Maryland was heart and soul a Southern state. Beyond the Mississippi, Arkansas and Missouri were considered as certain auxiliaries. The stars and stripes did not fly on a single point south of Baltimore except Fortress Monroe, Pickens, and the Tortugas. Since that time Virginia has been unconstitu ionally divided into two States, of which one has been appropriate! hr the North. Maryland is bound fast in the Federal Union ; Kentucky is in the hands of a Federal Governor ; Tenessee makes no effort to shake off the firm grasp which holds her as a Northern state ; New Orleans has fallen; Pensacola is under the stars and stripes again ; the Mississippi is a Union river; Missouri and Arkansas are Federal states. The watersof North Carolina are sealed, with the exception of Wilmington. The mouths of Charleston, Savannah, and Mobile have fallen into the hands of Mr, Lincoln’s forces. Every city on the banks of the Mississippi is in his power. Great Britain in the great war held a larger part of the revolted cjlonics ; but she waged war with France and the thirteen states. She had one enemy within sight or her shores, and the other she sought to force back to its allegiance was 3,000 miles away. The North is limitrophe with the South. There is no foreign war to distract the energies of her peoplo, and she has made just enough progress to encourage her to make fresh. efforts. Should Savannah fall, an attack on Charleston by land will no doubt follow: aud with the possession of the forts at the entrance to Cape Fear River secured, the work of closing the Southern States in a receiver will be accomplished, Whether the North can exhaust the receiver or not, is the next pr jblem to be determined, but it is evident the effort will be long-continued and severe. —Army anl N ivy Gazette