The New-Zealander. AUCKLAND, WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1853.

New Zealander, Volume 9, Issue 738, 11 May 1853, Page 2

The New-Zealander.

AUCKLAND, WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 1853.

lie pist and fear not: Let all I lie ends thou aiin’st at, be thy Country’s, Thy Goo’s, and Truth’s.

As not mi frequently happens here, we have had, after an arrival of comparative paucity of news from a distance, the simultaneous arrival of a number of vessels bringing ;n----telligence from nearly all parts of the world. Since our last issue, the ship Cashmere from London, the Invincible (Messrs. Henderson and Macfarlane’s newly-purchased and line barque) from Melbourne, and the barque Jane from California have anchored in our harbour, besides the American whaling barque Smyrna, and smaller craft. Of these arrivals, in some respects the most interesting is that of the Cashmere , as her long detention which —though now explained in such a manner as to detract in no degree from her previous character as a sailing vesselcreated for some time considerable uneasiness, not merely because her cargo included a quantity of merchandize the want of which was embarrassingly felt in onr market, butalso and chiefly because she was known to have a large number of passengers, amongst whom were several connected with and anxiously expected by some of onr colonists. Her arrival therefore is especially gratifying. She has brought eighty-five passengers, one being Archdeacon William Williams,—an old and respected Missionary Minister—one of a class of men who have been early and true benefactors of New Zealand —and one whose interest in the welfare of New Zealand we have reason to believe suffered no diminimilion during his absence, and whose return to the land of his adoption, we, in common with very many others, greet with the sort of welcome that befits the return of a tried friend of the country. The list also contains the names of several others who, although they come as strangers, will, wo trust soon and satisfaclorialy fed themselves at home.

But our congratulation to those who are , gi-atiihMi by the sale arrival of the Cashmere however we may personally h?el aio, editor-hilly speaking, very disinterested , as we have been grievously disappointed by the non-arrival of our own tiles of journals to any late dale. The mails brings a super-abun-dance of old papers,, (September, October, an i a few of November), but nothing more recent in the regular order. By private kindness, however, wo have been placed in possession of English journals to the I bib of January, the principal conlenis of which wo proceed—without preface and with, for the present, very little comment —to lay before onr readers. The New Ministry had been completed as follows: , i nr I o' tbn Treasury.. Tim Earl of Aberdeen. Emd Chancellor .. Lord Cranworth. Chancellor of the Exchequer Mr. Gladstone. r Home .. 1 Lord Palmerston. Secs, of State 'Foreign J Lord John Russkll. ( Colonial J I he Duke of Newcastle. First Lord of the Admitalty Sir James Graham. President of the Council .. Earl Granville. Lord paivy Seal The Duke of A rgvlt . Secretary-at-War .. .. Mr. Sidney Herbert. Piesiffent of the Board of ( gir c Wo on. Control S First Commissioner of Public? gir w jj OLESWO rth. Works S Tbo Marquis of Landsdowne The above form tbe Cabinet. Not of the Cabinet. Pre«. of ibe Boardof Trade Mr. Cardwell. Presi ’em of tbe Poor Law j Rigljt I{on yL T- I3 AINES . Chancellor of the Duchy of ? R j , it Uon E _ Strutt. Lancaster .. .. • • ) Lord Lieutenant of Ireland Lord St. Germans. CbiefSecif tary to the Lord- 1 g jr j Young. Lieutenant of Ireland .. Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1 he Right Hon.M. Brady. Attorney-Gen. for Ireland Mr. Brewster. ) Hon. W. F. Cowper. Lords ol the Admiralty .. Admiral Berkeley, A torney-General .. .. Sir A.Cockburn. Solicitor-General .. •• Air. Bet hell. Judge-Advocate-General . . Mr. C. P. Villiebs. ") Air. Sadlfir. Lords of tbe Treasury.. J-Mr. Bolvekie. j Lord A. Hervey. Joint Secretaries of the ? Right Hon. G. Hayter. Treasury .. .* ... , Air, James Wilson. Under Secretary of State ? Hon> j.j ENRy Fitzßoy. for the Home Department S Umler-Secretarv of State ? * T p p for the Colonies .. - • S Under-Secretary of Slate j Lor(] Wodehouse. for Foreign Affairs .. J Secretary to the Admiralty Air. Bernal Osborne. Sec. to the Poor Law Board Mr. Grenville Berkeley. Joint-Secretaries to the? Air. 11. Lowe. Hoard of Control .. .. ) Dr. A. H. La yard. Clerk to the Ordnance. .. Mr. William Monsell. Lord Advocate of Scotland Air. Aloncrieff. Vice-Chamberlain of Her j Lord E. Bruce. Al-qe-ty'a Household .. j Trea-urer of Her Majesty's ) Tb(J Earl of Mulorave. Hous.-hold ) Vici'-Anmir d Hyde Parker, C. H., and Captain | Amxandir Milne, Lords Comn isdoners of the Adinir.dtv' under the Earl of Derby’s Administration, have ! men appointed to fill the same offices in the Earl of A aici: r.ic i n’s Administrai ion. The following is tbe new Premier’s statement of the line of policy intended to be pur,-ued !y I is strangely mingled Administration : II () V S E O F L O R D S . Monday, Dec. 27. 3 hj m si ea i a i. E x v i. a n at- ons . Tin* Ear! of Aberdeen rose to explain the c '.vinnsianccs w limit had induced him to undertake 1 1 * task of forming a new Administration, and siid, (hough both his tastes and habits, as well a> the reflection that he had arrived ;;! the very v irge of (he period usually assigned to human li e. inidil have rendered hinmdnclanl to accept 0 Tv. tie had fell i( his duly to obey lire communis of I he Oticon. He had been accused, 1 i le.-d, of entering into a conspiracy (o over- j t irow (lie late Government, but ha could only I s’v dial his elLuls had been directed towards k -aping it in, and r.ot towards its destruction ; j an ! so far was he from conspiring against She I Eirlof Derby and his colleagues. Unit he liad j a.'Htally made arrangements for passing the re- i m tinder of (he winter on (he shores of (he j Msdiii rranean. Eircnmslances however, had I ia (need her Majesty to request Ids advice in fi-'.idn:: an .Administration, and (he Cahincl j hj mg now complete, he would proceed to lay j hj H'ore the House ;i sketch of its policy. The i n tide lord then said—My lords, I confess it np-p-ared to mo (hat (he time had arrived when it , w is possible for men whose political di(Terences I the course of events and recent legislation had | almost altogether removed, ami whose personal j re-peel and friendship had never been interrupted —i say I thought that the lime had arrived when I it we.s possible for those persons to act together I in concert. I thought that probably the time had co ne when this country was tired of distinctions without differences, and which had no real el'.ct upon (he principles of the policy to be envied out. My lords, it appeared to me (hat if my noMe friend the member for the city of E union should entertain the same views and (ho : stove opinions, 1 might attempt to undertake the ta-k which had been ini] osed upon me. Without : tbit a should have been unable to do so, for 1 hive neither the requisite strength, influence, n >r ability for the purpose. But the day before I went to the Isle of Wight I ascertained that bis ' sentiments were entirely in conformity with my i 0 vn ; and I therefore had no difficulty in assuring lior Majesty (hat \ would endeavour to comply w !h the command winch she was pleased to lay ; n ion me. My Lords, upon my return I lost no (i ne in endeavouring to fulfil the injunctions of hj *r Majesty, and J do not say (hat that was attended with no difficulty : but this I will say, th it i found in every quarter the greatest desire to lay aside all personal feeling, and accordingly to unite as far as ] ossible in the promotion of Hi d policy w hieh wo believe (o lie essential (o tit welfare of the country. My Lords, in the co use o! the week 1 succeeded in preparing a !is tor her Majesty's iuspecti m, which was foi tuna e enough to receive the approbation of the Qioeu. The uohlc Earl staled, 1 believe, that hj ■ thought I might do that in 24 hours, i can aumre him that we found the period for which w ■ did ask limited enough. In proceeding now v ry briefly to touch upon dilTercnl points, incl uling the foreign policy of her Majesty s Government, 5 need not detain you at any length; Hi truth is, my Lords, that for (be last 50years Hi principles of the foreign policy of this country hj i .enever varied. There may have been differences in the execution, according to the different hj mils entrusted v,i!h (he direction of that policy, bil the foundation of (he foreign policy, of fjiis co miry has, I repent, for the last op years been th 1 same. Si has been marked by a respect due to all independent states, a desire to abstain as m ndi as possible from the internal affairs of ot car cannliles, an assertion of our own honour an t Ll. rests, and above all, an earnest desire to j secure the.general peace of Europe hj all such m -an.; as were practicableandat oui - disposal. Din a ;! - ay that sympathies may not have been excited o t behalf of certain Slates in (heir endeavours to t promoteconstilufional reforms,and to obtain con--1 slUutioiidl Governments, but the principle of our

policy has always been (o respect the indepen deuce (lie entire independency of other Stales great or small, and not to interfere with (heir internal concerns.*' That will continue to he the case; and I trust that we shall still retain the friendship and goodwill of all foreign countries, whatever the nature of their government or constitution. If ever it should he the fate of (his country to he called upon to interfere in any matter foreign to ourselves, my earnest desire and my hope is, that we shall never he called upon load except to exercise the blessed office of peacemakers. Cut, my Lords, earnestly as i desire to see the continuance of peace, and anxiously as i wish to promote if, at the same lime, 1 am hy no means disposed to relax in those defensive preparations which have been undertaken recently, and which perhaps have hcen too long neglected; not that these indicate any expectation of hostile proceedings from others,—on the contrary, they are adopted in (lie interest of peace itself, and, as those preparations are essentially defensive, they ought not, and cannot give umbrage to any power whatsoever. Cut, my Lords, the great object other Majesty’s present government, and the great characteristic of that government, and (ho mission with which they are peculiarly intrusted, is the maintenance and prudent extension ofFree Trade, and I lie commercial and financial system established hy the late Sir Robert Peel. My Lords, ! am noT going to enter into a discussion of the respective merits of direct or indirect taxation ; it is obvious that in a revenue such as ours the union of both is indispensable, and it is to the application of that principle dial we look for the prosperity of the country. I n our financial system, my Lords, a difficulty. a crisis, 1 would almost say, will necessarily arise, by the early cessation of a very large branch <f the revenue. That must necessarily be sup'died, and doubtless it will lax I tie ingenuity of all those who arc concerned in this undertaking to accomplish that great work according to the principles of justice and equity. Another matter, to which I may refer, in which (he country is deeply interested, and upon which a general expectation exists, is the extension of national education —a want width the country strongly desires lo see supplied, and which has the attention of all w bo have undertaken the direction of public affairs. Another want, and which I may say the people have now demanded, has been the progress of those law' reforms which were taken up by the noble and learned lord now on the woolsack, and prosecuted with so much vigour, ability, and success in his hands. This will not exclude amendments of our representative system, not rashly or hastily undertaken,but by safe..well-considered measures. !l can, i think, haVdly be denied by any man that someamcndmenl of tldsdescriplion is necessary, and unquestionably the result o! the last elections introduced hy a lategovcrumenl, and which were has nut been such as to render any man more enamoured of tlie present system (hear, hear). The noble earl referred, as I understand, to (he existence of a Conservative Government, and expressed some surprise and curiosity lo learn iiow I should he aide to carry on the service of the Crown surrounded by those persons with whom 1 was likely to ho associated. S declare lo (he earl (hat in my opinion no Government ;n (his country is now r possible except a Conservative Government ; and lo that I add another declaration, which 1 take to he as indubitably (rue, that no Government in this country is now possible except a Liberal Government (hear). The truth is that (hose terms have no definite meaning, i never should have thought ni approaching my noble friend the member for the city of London unless 1 had brought he was a Conservative, and 1 am sure ho never would have associated himself with me unless lie had thought that! was Liberal. These terms it may he convenient lo keep for I lie sake of parly elections, but the country is sick of these distinctions, which have no real meaning, and prevent men from acting together who are aide lo perform good services to the Crown and the country. I, trust, therefore, that in the just acceptation of the word, whatever the measurds proposed hy the present Government may bo, they will be Conservative measures as well as Liberal, for 1 consider both to lie essentially necessary. Hear, hear.) I he noble earl also referred to the necessity of resisting the encroachment of democratic principles. ! am quite read} So unite with him in resisting (lie encroachment of democracy, or any encroachment of an illegal character: bull am at a loss to see where this democracy exists hear. hear). I look in vain for am such indications at the present moment. I should say, on the contrary, I never recollect this country more tranquil, more contented, less abounding in subjects of danger and alarm, than at the present moment (hear) ; and this prosperity, contentment, and happiness I believe lo he mainly owing to the system the late Sir 11. Peel established, and which it is our business lo uphold and to extend. No doubt, speculative men have at all limes in this country, in their closets, come to the conclusion that a democratic form of government may be preferrable to a monarchical ; but these arc not men who subvert Stales, and are therefore not dangerous. In a state of society like ours, that (here must always be men reckless, violent, and unprincipled, ready for any excess and outrage, is but 100 (rue ; but, at the same time, there is less reason to entertain such apprehensions at the present moment than 1 ever recollect in the course of my life hear, hear), t have great confidence in the people of this country (hj ar, hear) ; and I do believe the imputation, and even the existence of alarm at this moment, is almost a libel on (he people. My lords, I regret lo have been informed that the noble cail spoke in a tone which indicated hostility to Che Government. 1 regret it deeply, because! well know (hetast powers of the noble carl. I am well aware of all that be is aide to do ; but 1 believe that we have a good cause, and 1 trust, if il can only be made manifest that we are sincerely animated by real desire lo promote the welfare of the great body of the people, we shall have the support of (1(0 country, as I am sure we shall liax e the approbation of your lordships’ House. . My lords, 1 beg to move that this (louse do adjourn until Thursday the 10th of February. The Earl of Derby said there was so little lo complain of in the programme which the House had just heard, that he should have abstained from any remarks bad it not been said that he bad accused‘the noble Earl and his colleagues of entering into a conspiracy against the late Government. Now, tie denied dial he had everused the word ‘ conspiracy,” though he might have said “combination and if. after the negotiations which bad confessedly taken place between three totally different parlies in the Lower House, the concert which had been arrived at among (hem did not constitute a combination against the Government, lie was al a loss to understand the meaning of the word. With respect to the financial measures of the new Government, be was glad lo hear that some of (he noble Earl’s supporters in (he Lower House had already modified their extreme opinions, and that a readjustment of that taxon equitable principles would be attempted. The intentions of Lord Aberdeen on education and legal reforms were undoubted]) satisfactory, though bis views on (he amendment of (he representation wore of oracular ambiguity. The noble Earl had licli-

culcd Hit' notion of a dangerous Democracy, but i( n inaincd to lie seen wiK'Slier an adoration ol (he existing representative .system might not llirow 100 great power into (bo bands of a lower and less informed class of the community. The noble Earl concluded a very eloquent and powerful address by saying. “ ! have no feeling of personal or public hostility to the noble earl; lint in looking to the composition of his Cabinet, 1 cannot say 1 have any great confidence in it, for 5 have no conception of the principle on which il is based. Nevertheless, if the noble carl lias the power, and is prepared in bis own, cabinet to act on those principles which [ believe to be bis own, be will receive no evidence of hostility from me; but il will be satisfactory to me to land under his auspices the government safely and constitutionally carried on in the Iruely conservative sense of the word—not evading or shrinking from useful amendments,lint strenuously and delerminately resisting organic changes, and preventing any interference with the essential principles of the constitution."' (Hear, bear.) ( lie motion of adjournment was then carried, and the House immediately after broke up, at half-past G o’clock. On the 51st of December, the House of Commons also adjourned till the iOlh of February,— an interval like this being indispensable in order to (ho re-election of the members of that House who had accepted office. Several of those rc-eleclions bad taken plaee. Lord John Rnsse!!, for London ; Lord Palmerston, for Tiverton ; Sir James Graham, for Carlisle; Sir Wm. Molcsworlh, for Southwark ; Mr. M. T. Raines, for Leeds; Mr. Villiers, for Wolverhampton; Mr. Strutt, for Nottingham ; Lord Mulgrave, for Scarborough : Lord E. Bruce, for Marlborough; Lord A. Paget, for Lichfield; the Hon. \V. Cow per, for Hertford; Sir John Young, for Cavan ; Mr. Sidney Herbert, for South Wiltshire; the Hon. F. Charleris, for Haddingtonshire, had all been returned without opposition. Sir C. Mood succeeded at Halifax, but not without a smart contest, the numbers at the close being, Wood 592; Edwards, 526; Mr. Gladstone’s re-election for the Lniversily of Oxford was slrenonsiy opposed, the other candidate being Mr Dudley Perceval,—-a son of the Right Hon. Spencer Perceval; the polling was going forward but slowly, and at the the latest dale the numbers stood, —Gladstone, 922; Perceval, 805: it was said that the Election would tie kept open for fifteen days. Mr. Cardwell had been returned for the city of Oxford, in place of Sir W. Page Wood, who bad been appointed a ice-Chancellor. There seemed nothing like solicitude as to any immediate danger of war; but the defensive preparations in England were going forward unostentatiously but steadily. Louis Napoleon had been annoyed by the delay in tie recognition of bis neve dignity by the Governments of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, Iml, according to the latest report, “The .Ministers of Russia, and of the oilier Continental powers, have presented their credentials at the Court of the Tuilleries, and the forms of diplomatic intercourse are therefore established between the French Empire and all the Stales of Europe.” St is with sympathy in the regret which will be fell through all the realms of literature, that we find recorded the death of Professor Wilson the world-renowned “Christopher North” —which look plaee at Edinburgh on December 20. Further extracts from the papers with which we have been favoured must necessarily be postponed till our next.

By private courtesy wo have received a number of S:m Francisco papers, to as late a dale as lhe Ist of March, brought by the Jeer, which arrived in our harbour on Monday. They do not contain much news that would be deemed interesting' here now. Two or three years since, arrivals from California were lot died for with much anxiety, :uui we might have filled some columns with extracts from such a file as that now before ns, greatly to the gratification of many of oar readers. But a change has come over their minds, under the conjoint operation of the discovery of the Australian Cold Field, — opening a more attractive scene to diggers, and a nearer and more steady remunerative market to exporters, —and of—still belter — the wider cultivation and enlarged development of our home resources, inducing many who otherwise might he templed to “ try llieir fortune” in distant lands to settle down contentedly in tlie lino climate, and on the prolific soil, of Mew Zealand. Now, brief digests of the leading points of Californian intelligence will amply satisfy the bulk of readers. Such digests of the chief items will he found in summaries from our San Francisco contemporaries themselves which arc copied Sa our other columns. Bussing by news having little interest beyond the Slates, we find that while gold continued to be. found in considerable quantities—-(some of the Californian journalists endeavour to prove, in richer abundance than in Port Phillip) the social and moral condition of the country lias undergone little, if any, amelioration. The papers teem with accounts of minders, burglaries, robberies, and outrages of the deepest lines of enormity. The only impiovemenl we can perceive, is that the journalists (at least wc think sd) speak of crime in a tone more free from extenuation or connivance with a greater willingness to call atrocities by their right names —Ilian they once did. The San Francisco markets were very fnii of most kinds of supplies, and prices were consequently comparatively low. Flour was to be had in abundance at nine to ten dollars per barrel. The importations of grain were so heavy as to keep the market “exceedingly depressed.”