The New Zealander.

New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 670, 15 September 1852, Page 2

The New Zealander.

Be just and fear not : Let till tue cuds thou aim'sat at, be thy Country's, Tliy God's, and Tiutli's.

AUCKLAND, WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 15, 1852.

By the arrival of the Eclair at Manakau, wo were yesterday afternoon placed in possession of a number of papers from all tho Southern Settlements, together with n hetcro^P'ioous mnss of old journals from various parts ol' the world, including England, California, Bombay, and Adelaide. Our Y\Vihn£ton dalea iuo ir<?m tho 25th ultimo to the 4ih instant,— tlioro being a hiatus in the file-, which, wo wij.poMj, is owing to the forMpduig 1 of fin overland mail before the of ihe Kdair. Tiie intelligence of 11.0 lnlioduetioM of >Sir John Pakington's (Joir-htution ttii! for iS T ew Zealand hud rc{i<-|w<! lon via Sydney, iiu<] was tho >n'jj< e'u of a warfare between on r usually belJio ci untcontomporarios there, — which turned, however, not so much on the merits of the measure itself, sis on tho comparative shares Sir (J'">rg-e Gray and Mr. l^ox may be supj»woa to havo Lti'l in suoo(ihtiui.> its loading points. The tipeci'dor tvnrP'i id] llie good in the Bill to lli.s V vcWci uy\ I'JJJ^, and iindi, fault with everything in which the Home Govern- . ,I'iiL have thought they could improve upon its recommendations; while tho lu(lepevlenL triumphantly claims for Mr. l?ox the prune of having influenced Sir John

Pakington to mnko the changes, especially ( to make the Provincial Councils wholly elective, instead of one-third nominated, j We observe, however, in the Independent > of Augufct 28, a passage which may be taken as a general expression of its judgment on the Bill, arart from personal partialities, [ and which we therefore subjoin :—: — We find from the speech which Sir J. Pakington m ail e on introducing the Bill to confer Representative Government on this colony, that the forthcoming constitution differs in several important points'from th:it which had been prepared by the laic Colonial Secretary, on the recommendations and suggestions of .Sir. Geo. Grey._ The first, and by far" the most important of which Js, the introduction of clauses in the Bill empowering the General Legislatures propose and effect such changes in the Institutions of the colony as it may from time to time think desirable. So important do we deem these clauses that if the Bill contained many move defects than it docs— for we by no means maintain it has no defects— it would be still worthy of the colonists acceptance. These clauses will, in point of fact, enable the colonials to frame a constitution for themsches, and according to their own wishes ; for the powers of the upper house, though nominally equal to that of the House of Representatives, will not be really so. That Council will doubtlessly p )ssess a conservative influence, and on questions" uilccting Imperial interests considerable power ; but on purely local questions it will have but little real weight if it attempts to thwart the general will of the colonists as expressed by any considerable majority of their representatives in the General Assembly These clauses, therefore, give to the colonists of New Zealand, the virtual management of their own affairs ; so much so as to place them in the possession of political privileges not hitherto enjoyed by the inhabitants of any other British colony, nor indeed by the inhabitants of any colony whatever. Wo have searched for any additional indications of the [feelings with which the measure was regarded in England, which might be obtained from the extracts in these papers. Wo have found a quotation from the New Zealand Journal of May 8, in which this passage occurs :—: — The most important topic is the introduction of a bill into the House of Commons by Sir John Pakinglon, for the purpose of bestowing a Constitution of self-government on the Colony. Though defective in some of its details, its leading features are highly satisfactoiy, particularly the localisation of self-government by the creation of separate Legislatures for every Settlement, and the transfer of the administration of the waste lands to the Colonial General Legislature. The measure was so favourably received by the House as to leave little doubt of it passing. The Independent also gives thefollowIng epitome of the views entertained by leading members of the Canterbury Association :—: — The following opinions of the leading members of the Canterbury Association of the new Constitution of New Zealand will bo read with interest, and confirm in a great, measure what we have ourselves said in reference to it. Lord Lyttelton, in the name of the Committee said, that they viewed with great satisfaction, on the whole, and in its main features, the plan of her Majesty's government, for giving to the different settlements of New Zealand that representative constitution and those powers of self-government which had been soj|frcquently advocated in that room. Sir Thomas" Tailored, when speaking of his plan for founding a new township in the Canterbury Settlement said he thought the present aspect of New Zealand was peculiarly opportune for this extension of their settlement. The satisfactory result of the discussion in Parliament on the proposed constitution must encourage those who intended to emigrate to that colony to proceed there at once. °And Mr. Adderley considered that the gratifying circumstance that they had met toge ther perfectly certain of having a free constitution of their own, gave him more pleasure than either the appointment of the Rev. J. P. Gell as Bishop of Christen Mreh, or the plan of Sir Thomas Tancred. — The measure might be capable of improvement in its details, but he for one was very thankful for its leading features. From all quarters then, commendation — if not absolutely unmingled, yet qualified with comparatively very slight objections — seemed to bo lavished on the Bill, and on Sir John Pakington as its author. But we have looked in vain through our "Wellington contemporaries for any protest against the renewed recognition and legislative sanction which (although incidentally), it would afford to the New Zealand Company's monstrous claim on the Land Fund. Indeed wo have not noticed in either of them a solitary reference to that question of questions. This is passing strange. But probably, they, living in the Company's Settlements, and ready to acknowledge that there some claim to compensation for the Company may exist, do not feel as quickly and as keenly in the matter as we of New Ulster do, who sec in the infliction nothing but deep and unmitigated injury and wrong. Mr. Justice Stephen had vindicated, after his own fashion, his personal dignity aud the dignity of his Court by fining Mr. Robinson '£20, and requiring large securities for his "good behaviour" for twelve months, and (as an act of great clemency), permitting Mr. McKenzie to escape without a dine, although he likewise was required to give sureties for future "good behaviour." The proceedings of His Honor very naturally excited strong feeling against himself and in sympathy with the object of his judicial vengeance. A very numerous and respectable Public Meeting had passed Resolutions expressing these views, and had originated a subscription to pay the fine in Mr. Robinson's case, and to indemnify the bail in the case of Mr. McKenzio. A letter from the Rev. W. B. Clarke, of Sydney, whose name is intimately connected with tho discovery of gold in Australia, had excited much interest at "Wellington, as conveying that eminent Geologist's deliberate opinion that New Zealand will prove an auriferous country. We subjoin this interesting extract : — St. Leonard's, New South Wales, 7th July, 1852. "I have long- been impressed with the persuation that New Zealand must contain a, portion of those more ancient formations, which in this country arc found to he tuirHcrous. Everything in the physical geography of these countries induces my conclusion, and TimT <-im not at all put out of conceit with the eiremnsb.nefs aUomlim,' a late alleged discovery of gold <u!<l subsequent disappointment. "SiiKC my ictnm 1 liav ]i,wl given to me foi examination bpouirons of quartz, from, I believe, the vkin'.ly of Wellington. One of these is very ferni gin mi's, and on applying the file to tho surlfiiT. three o> four pniJic? of gold made their o,)>j)f<itavce : so that / have poytira proof of the ait) ifa 07,1 < Intruder <rf iomc of t/mir rods. I doubt not that .search, propotly con.hu ted, in thujrvonite and bhte muouo u ill' be rewarded." W. B. Clarice.

The Governor-in -Chief had issued a Proclamation, dated the 10th of August, appointing the number of members to bit in the Provincial Council oF New Minister. The whole number was to be thirty-three, of whom the twenty-two to be elected were thus distributed amongst the several Electoral Districts :— Wellington, eight members, (three for tlio city);— Nelson, six members, (two for the "Town) ;— Canterbury, five members;— and Otago, three members. Returns published in the Government Gazelle showed the total Revenue of the Southern Province for the March quarter 1852 (including £5,500 in aid from the Parliamentary Grant) was £14,593: Is. lid.; the Expenditure, £12,486 11s. Od. The papers from the other Southern Settlements contain no news of importance, but -we shall glean a little from them for our next number. We notice in the Wellington papers the following which we give as we find it. Both in America and in Ireland strenuous efforts had for some time been in progress to procure the pardon of Smith OBrien and his companions in exile, and the concluding paragraph (though not very satisfactorily authenticated) states what not improbably was the result: — j The following memorial to the Lord Lieutenant was issued in Dublin, and in the course of a few hours received a number of highly influential signatures, including those of Viscount Monck, Lord Dunsnndle, Lord Cloncurry ; My. Bolton Massey, of Limerick; Mr. Barton, of Straffon, in the County of Kildare j Mr. Bagwell, of Marlficld, in the County of Tipperary ; Mr. Major, the Assistant Barrister for Clare ; My. SinyJcy, Q,.C, &c, all, with one or two exceptions, high Conservatives : " May it please your Excellency, — We> the undersigned, respectfully approach your Excellency, to cnt) eat your giacious clemency, as the reprcsentatiso of Her Majesty the Q,uecn in Ireland, on behalf of William 'Smith OBrien and his companions in penal exile. " We beg respectfully to represent to your Excellency that tbo state of the country at tint, time would justify the exercise of the Royal , clemency towards them. j " We therefore humbly pray )'our Excellency to present our prayer to Tier Most Gracious Majesty the Q,ucen, recommend it to her Government, and sustain it with your Excellency's powerful support. "And your Memorialists will ever pray."

Relfasc 01? Mr. Smith O'Biuen. — The Standard of last night quotes the following : — " As Aye arc going to press, we learn that orders have been issued for the release of the Iri&h. state prisoncib, Smith OBrien, John Mitchell, .and their companions — suhject, however, to the condition that they are not to s^t ftnt in the United Kingdom. — New York Truth Teller.

Whatever other effects may be produced by the attention excited at home by the Parliamentary discussions on the affairs of New Zealand, one result, in which we cannot but rejoice, is the fuller acquaintance with the condition and capabilities of the colony that cannot fail to be diffused through tho public mind. Hitherto, it has been one great barrier to the tide of emigration towards New Zealand, that comparatively little prominence was given in the leading journals to its concorns. We have frequently observed with vexation that, although the Times and other daily papers maintained a regular system of correspondence throughout Europe and in America, andalthough the movements in the most petty Continental States were chronicled in column after column of trivial detail, yet wo might sometimes search in vain through the files of weeks together for even a summary of the progress of New Zealand; while the remarks or digests of intelligence which wo did now and again meet with, too commonly bore unmisiakeble internal evidence of being either carelessly or ignorantly compiled, or of being subordinated to the selfish influence of the New Zealand Company and its off-shoots Her Majesty's Speech, however, fixed special attention on the colony ; members of Parliament and Editors were doubtless induced to read up a little on matters about which it was evident they would soon be required to pronounce some opinion ; and the public generally have been livable to peruse the debates or the leading articles of the daily and weekly press without acquiring more or less knowledge of the history, advancement, and prospects of New Zealand. It is but too probable, indeed, that, in very many instances, this knowledge is very superficial, and mingled with much misconception ; still we anticipate from it beneficial consequences. Enough will be learned of the advantages which New Zealand presents as a field of emigration to lead at least to further inquiry, and to a comparison of the inducements which it can hold out with those which are to be found elsewhere ; and we can have no misgivings as to the favourable conclusion to i which every such investigation will conduct. A debate in Parliament, in which even scanty justice is done to the capabilities of New Zealand, is one of the best of all possible advertisements ; and when, (as is now the case), there appear simultaneously with such discussions, publications of various kinds setting forth, in a more or less satisfactory manner, the reasons why intending emigrants should fix on this colony as their home, we are warranted in hoping that the effect will be to attract to our shores many who otherwise might, to their own loss as well as to ours, have turned their face in another direction. We entertain a strong 1 confidence that our population will also at no distant period receive considerable accessions from the British immigrants now pouring into New South Wales and Victoria in pursuit j of gold. We arc pursuaded that many of j that class arc rushing to the auriferous regions, under the excitement of the horn-, in utter ignorance of the circumstances into which they are plunging, and wholly unprepared for tho difficulties they will have to encounter. The idea of picking up or even digging gold is in itself very stimulating and tempting; and as for encjjmping in tho plains or hills, sleeping in tcnto, and " lcmghing it a, little," not a few have most probably pictured these things to themselves in colours only a little deepened from those in which they have seen the accidents and incidents of gipseying and pic-nic parties occasionally presented at home. But when the stern realities of a gold digger's life break upon them,— when they learn by experience, the

toils, the privations, the exposure to healthdc&troying influences, the moral contagion* too commonly polluting' the atmosphere of of the diggings, the weariness of body and feverish anxiety of mind, and, after all, the uncertainty whether the riches for which they endure so much will ever be theirs; — — when they see if they do not soon feel the bitterness of disappointment which has already in several well attested instances dethroned reason from its seat, — many will, we cannot question, be convinced that gold may be bought too dearly, and be glad to to turn from its pursuit under such contingencies, to the calm and quiet competence which a cultivation oL' the New Zealand soil will hold out as securely, as its climate will give assurance of refreshment and rein vigo ration to the debilitated gold hunters' physical constitution. While therefore we do not affect to* regard without regret the spectacle" of ships leaving our harbour with emigrants to the gold-fields, we arc not despondent as to the final issue. Many of those who have departed have gone with an avowed intention of returning, and will most probably find in the contrast between their new circumstances and. those which they have temporarily relinquished, ample motives to quicken their fulfilment of that purpose. They will come back we trust wiser because more contented, men. The losses 7 in numbers which, notwithstanding this, must be calculated upon, will we are persuaded be far more than made up by the overflow of the immigrant flood to Australia which will reach our shores; and we do not think there would be any risk in predicting that the population of New Zealand will in two years, or probably in a much shorter time, be aiigmented, not only positively as compared with the present numbers, but beyond the ratio of increase for the last two or three years, proportionately great as that has notoriously been. This colony will we anticipate ere long find its proper place, as a granary whence provisions and other produce such as those which the ships now on their way are bearing to supply the urgent and rapidly augmenting necessities of the teeming thousands of the gold fields, will be profitably exported ; and with Cheap Land— a boon which, in spite of the sordid efforts of the New Zealand Company to impose a crushing weight upon our energies — efforts which we have sufficient confidence in the strength of our good cause and in British honour and justice to believe will be frustrated— our colony generally, and our own Province (the claims of which are at last, by fair and honest means, struggling into at least an approach to their rightful prominence) will experience a settled prosperity which will be enjoyed only the more sweetly because there has been a previous season of commercial depression and difficulty.

The New Zealand Emigration Circular for 1852. Second Edition. 12m0., p.p. 32. London : Trelawny SAUNDERS. We had observed a brief but favourable notice of this little publication in the Australian and Neiu Zealand Gazette, but it is only within a dpy or two that, by the kindness of Dr. Campbell, the pamphlet itself has come into our hands. We have pleasure in bearing testimony to its value as a fair, generally accurate, and painstaking, compilation, well calculated to convey to intending emigrants, especially of the operative classes, information which may be relied upon, and which they must find most appropriate and beneficial in preparing for a voyage to this colony. Ihe contents of the pamphlet are thus summed up by the compiler (Mi\ A. J. Gann, of the firm of Henry H. Willis and Co.)—"lntroduction : Gold or Corn ? Labour ; Kemedy for Poor Kates ; New Zealand, its products, &c. ; Natives; Climate; Settlements, — Auckland, New Plymouth, Wellington, Nelson, Canterbury, Otago; Maps; Land. Cost of Clearing,' Produce ; Wages, &c; Books, Voyage. Outfit, &c. ; Statistics." On all these topics Mr. Gann has evidently consulted the best authorities within his reach, and has condensed the results of much industrious research in a few pages which are brimful of matter, and contain, so far as wo have noticed, no mistakes of practical importance, and only a very few that even a revision here on the spot could amend. What we most appreciate, however, is the spirii of impartiality in which the statements have been drawn up,— so different from the unblushing misrepresentations that the New Zealand Company in former days was accustomed to issue to the world. Mr. Gann does not depreciate the merits of the Southern Settlements; on ! the contrary he gives all due prominence i to their merits ;— but ho also does justice to Auckland ;— and justice— a fair field and no favour — is all we ever have asked or wished for on behalf of this Settlement. It is intended, we are glad to nerceive, that successive editions of the " Circular" shall be issued, bringing the information down to the latest dates : and Mr. Gann is desirous of obtaining reliable particulars from the several Settlements for the purpose. With this view he has prepared the following- series of questions as a guide to those who may bo wilHng to aid in his useful undertaking ; and any replies to them which may be sent in to the office of. this journal, or to that of the Southern Cross, will be cheerfully forwarded to him by the first suitable opportunity :— Memorandum of information interesting to Emigrants to New Zealand, such as small farmers^ country mechanics, servants, labourers, £c, It should be concise and to as late a date as possible. The Settlement. — A &liort description of its appearance and condition — streets, houses, churches, schools, public buildings and institutions, &c. Populatio7i.-~-Ts\m\hQV of inhabitants engaged in different occupations ov trail es, such as smiths, carpenters, bricklayers, shoemakers?, &c, &c. Wages, prices of Provisions, &c. — In a form similar to that of the Colonization Circular. Z,cind What available; vkhctliei grass, fern, or timber, hill}', or level ; adapted for com or pasture ; distance from the town ; size of sections; title ; regulations as to survey ; mode of purchase ; fees ; price. Clearing. — A short accou nt of how performed ; cost per acre. Crops. — Yield ; prices. Land to be let.—ki what rent ; what rate of purchase.

If pos3il)lo, a short 2>ro forma statement of farming by a man with small capital, for two or three years, Statistics of the latest date. — If no official returns perhaps an estimate could be made— population, cultivation, stock, exports, &c. Miscellaneous information, such as Prospects for different classes of Emigrants. — Who are wanted, and who should not come. Advice as to what the}'' should bring with them viz. :—: — Farmers, what implements, or any. Mechanics, what tools and clothing. Labourers, do., do. What proceedings, they should take on arrival in the Colony ; where best to seek employment ; any hints as to choice of masters, &c. Landing, what expenco therein ; what expence in lodgings, house rent, &c, &c. Any general remarks upon progress and prospect of the settlement ; the effect hitherto perceptible or probable, of the Australian gold diggings ; whether mam 7 people have left the settlement for them, or have returned, &c. la collecting a few items in aid of this work, we have been struck by one or two deficiencies in the returns for this Province, as they appear in the Government Gazette, which impede the formation of complete statistical tables, the materials for which they profess to supply, and in furnishing which the New Munster Gazette is more satisfactory. For instance, the Harbour Master at Wellington publishes Comparative Returns for successive years of the Arrivals and Departures of Vessels, distinguishing the places they have come from or sailed to, as " Great Britain, Australian Ports, Van Diemen's Land, Other Ports, and Coastwise." Such returns were issued formerly here, but, we know not why, have not this year appeared. A Return of the Value of Goods Imported and Exported and oP the Number find Tonnage of Vessels entered Inwards and Outwards at the various Ports in the Province for the year 1850, appeared in the Government Gazette of March 3lst, 38ol ; but no such Return for the year 185 1 has hitherto been published. It is true monthly and quarterly Returns, liavo appeared, from which a compiler like Mr. Gann might collect a considerable part of this information, — that is, supposing that he obtained the Gazette regularly, and devoted the necessary time and labour to the collocation and condensation of its contents; but it is scarcely to be expected that general compilers of New Zealand statistics will be nble to do all this, and at all events, we might look rather for improvement than falling off in the facilities afforded by the officially prepared statements. Again, as to the coasting trade. No statistical tables could be more instructive in themselves, or better fitted to demonstrate the growing commercial importance of Auckland, than full records of this branch of our ttade. As j respects the Canoes entering our Bays, the Returns according to the lately established ; system are all that could be desired, affording, as they do, in a complete and intelligiblo form, information respecting not merely the numbers of the Canoes and ot their crews, but also of the species, quantity, and estimated value of their cargoes. A note appended to the Return however points out the defect to which we would call attention. They '' do not include the produce brought overland or in coasting vessels." It is obvious that wo cannot have accurate returns of the produce brought overland, but the public might and should be furnished with similar information respecting thnt brought by coasting vessels which is afforded in the case of canoes. Many vessels are loaded at Auckland with articles of British Manufacture for sale along the coast 1o the Native tribes; and these return freighted with Native produce, and produce of the lands of settlers scattered along the coast. It would be interesting, not only as an exhibition of the advance of the Maories in civilization, and of their consequeut consumption of articles of homo manufacture, but also as an lividence of the value of this traffic to the settlement, if means wero afforded of making the amount and kind of the cargoes of these vessels generally known. Our imports may appear large in proportion to the number of the population of our own district as it appears in the Census Returns ; but such information as we now refer to would show how wide an extent of country these imports are carried over, and in what a tan • gibly rcnumcrative shape their value comes back again to Auckland. As specimens of the kind of Returns to which we refer, we may point to those on the 58th page of the New Munster Government Gazette of the 24th of last April. These concise' Returns, besides being more convenient, would cost less for printing than the more lengthy, but less practically useful, Lists which have lately been published in monthly tables here.

Wool Sale. — Messrs. Council and Ridings .sold on Monday hist, the Wool, more or less damaged, ex ship Neptune, Captain Henderson, from Sydney bound to London. We subjoin the marks of the hales sold and prices realized :— WAUP, 24 hales, at 10^1; JBR, JO, atB/d ; RX,l7,at Hid ; DC & Co, 4, at Bjd ; DC & Co, JDS in diamond, 4,at9.?d; DC & Co, above AMD, ], at »Jd : MXN, 14, at Of d ; WLB, J, at 7jd ; lIA above UH, 4, at 7f ; PT, lat 3;/d ; PKDL, 4, at 4d; Q,, 4, at 13] d; W & JtD, 2at 10£ d and W\i\ \ AM, 3, at 7Jd ; N in diamond, ], at 7W : NR, 2, at Bld ; JTA in dble triangle, 9, at lOd"; J & C, J, nt sh\ ; iE, 1, at 3]d ; RS, ], at 9d ; Jin dble triangle above NX, 1. at lOd ; E in double triangle nbove WE, J, at 9jd ; NSL, J, at 14d ; J3A, 3, at $)Jd ;C, 2, at B£d ; Golbourne 3C (other marks indistinct) 1, at 3/d ; ]3 &C,G, at JOd ; MM above M, 2, at Hd ; JW, 2, at 9d ; X, 6, at Ofd ; Rli, I, at »d ; GE in diamond, 3, at iU\ ; WG, I, at 2] ; W in circle, above Fli, (5, 4 at, «»tl, 2 and 7Jd ; JJA, 2, at 7jf d ; Win circle, .•?, at 7id ; J above W and J3, hat 7^l ; M above MI<T, 7, at Oid ; MFT, 3, 1 at JOd, 2 at ]o}d ; ML, 1, at 7^l ; DMP, 2, at J>d ; M in diamond, 7, J at JO}d, 2, at <)h\, J, at flkl, 1, at 9d, J,at BJrl, 1, at3£i|; JJR, 3, at 101; M, J, at 7id ; PF, ], at »,?d ; CXC, 3at Old, D above JBR, 1, at B|d ; Q, 6, at 13Jd, J dblo triangle, 0, at lijd ; WJ3 above L, in diamond, 1 at Gsd ; N, 3 at IJ^d ; G in diamond, Dixon & Co., l,at 3id; JI, 4, 3at Bd, 1, at 7£d ; JtS, 13, at 10.^1 ; H\l 12, ],at7d,U,at I0J; SYER,4,at 8d; NR,2,at OJd ; W &RD, 4, J at f^rl, 3 at 9d ; PKDL, (i, at 9d ; PWD, I, at r>\,\ • Jl> above It, 2, at IOM ; ML, 1, at C>J<l ; FC, 3, at lOjd ; AM, 3, at HW f ; JJA, f{, at 9d ; J)C & Co, 0, at 7()id ; JJA, 2* at lOfd; T & C above GP, 1, at J3Ad ; M, 2, at lM 2 d ; C above J& C, J, at 7£d ; JTA, in dble trundle, 1, at JOjfl; E, dble triangle, 1, at fid ; J&C,J, at 7{<\ ; CXC, J, at 9|d ; marks o!)literated, ], at 4d; do, 1, at JOd.— New Zealand Flax: About 4 tons, slightly damaged, at 4,' JO \>cv ton,