IRELAND.

New Zealander, Volume 8, Issue 618, 17 March 1852, Page 3

IRELAND.

Progress of Emigration. The Dublin correspondent of the Times wiites as follows on the pi evading Emigration :—: — " The Celtic Exodus continues to be the marvel of the day. Fiom morning to night, from the arrival of the first trains before daybreak to the last which reach in the evening, nothing scarcely is to be seen along the line of quays which adorn Dublin but the never-ending stieam of emigiants flying, as if fiom a pestilence, to seek the means of existence winch thu.r own inhospitable land denies to labour, find the modest ambition to live •uid die beyond the gloomy pi ecuicts of the lush workhouse. Numbeis of theso adventureis .ire of the better class of farmeis, and appear to lack none of the appliances 1 ecjuisite to wauls the bettering of their condition nt the otliei side of the Atlantic — a he.ilthy and more than comely piogeny, a good supply of the most requisite articles of furniture and clothing, with some small capital to commence operations. The mnjomy, however, have no such advantages to boast of, fot a moie miserable, sickly-looking, jmd poverty-stricken set of cieature-. it would be impossible to imagine even, hundieds of them — men, women, and children — being unpiovjded with shoes lo their feet, and the females with uo better coveung for their heads than the commonest cotton hand lcei chiefs m lieu of bonnets, while not one in fifty could lay claim to the luxury ol a cloak as a protection against the inclemency of the coming winter. All hardships appear as nothing, so that the one gre.it end maybe achieved — flight horn the liihh shoies, no matter at what risk, or with what amount of danger and privation in peispective. Day afier day vessels leave this poi t freighted with their human cargoes, without any diminution being perceptible in the thiongs of pedantry which swaun the streets in the neighbourhood of the quays. Three sailed at the close of last week with their full complements on boaul; three more have just come into dock, and it is expected that they, too, will clear out before Saturday next, if not sooner. Judging from piesenf appearances, it is more than probable that the severest months of the season will have little or no effect in checking the prevailing and altogether unparalleled mania. " The ' rush' iiom the southern poits, too, is rather on the inciease than otherwise, and is far arid away on a moie extensive scale than we in the metropolis have nnv idea. On Satuiday a steamer left Waterford for Liveipool with nearly 400 emigrants on board, whose ultimate destination is the u free lirul of the west." The day was intensely severe, but wind and weather, be they what they may, have no tenois for the.se vountaiy exiles. The average numbeis which s-ail from the poit of VVaterf'ord alone since the season set in appear to be at the rate of 500 weekly." Respecting the progress of emigration in Ulster, (lie Western Stur publishes the following extract, of a letter received liom a gentleman who has been tiavulling thiough the northern province:— " Having had occasion within the past thiee weeks to tiaverse a const leiable part of Ulster, I inado it my buiness to inquire, as I went along, into the condition of the small farmers—a race of as mdustiious a people as aie to be found on the habitable globe. Having 1 been heretofore led to believe that they weie most J'avoinably circumstanced as reyaided their position with the landlords, and fiom other causes, 1 must own 1 was not at all prepared for the almost general feeling of discontent which exhibited itself, I was much stiuck with the remai ks of a middle-aged man, the occupier of a faun of about thirty acres, who, aiter informing mo that he foimed one of a paity of seventy peisons, computing a dozen families, who were preparing to emigrate to Austialia, thus proceeded, — 'Before next spiing is over many hundieds of the people of this province will have quitted it for ever, and many others will follow ; we have always been loyal lo England, even in the woist of time", and although all that is now forgotten, the day may come when the Government williegiet that they allo.ved the mteiebta of the iii'lu*tiious noi tlinieu to be saciificed to such an extent as to foice tin m to leave the homes of their f'atheii to seek a resting place in a foreign land.' As yet, so far us 1 have seen, it is v\i ha feeling of deep regiet that those pocu people: quit their native land. You see nothing of that satisfaction exhibited by them winch is to niaiked, so efctiaoidmary a ieatme as regards the emigrants fiom the southern and HO&tein pioimces,"

! A Dublin letter in the Lunnuh L'luonicle «*uppli<>s I tlie following statistics in reference to the emigration fiom the fo uner poit : — I "Talking; of eniigration.it is idle to ask — 'Where will it end ?' Why it is only begmninsf. In the LilTey this moment there tire three vessels advertised to sail this week — the Coronet (Roche, Biothors,) .vi admirable shij), capable of accommodating comfortnbly 303 passengers ; the Samuel (Miley), also about 800 ; and anothei shy looking ciafr, ralhei the woise for war, which has been cbnstened the Bntish Queen, belonging 1 to a third house. Here, then, this veiy week, neaily 1000 people will leave this poit alone for ' the Model Republic' But this affords a very imperfect i.lea of the depopulating drain which is going 1 on, and which is fast causing Ireland literally to sink into the bosom of the Atlantic. We have two companies, you aie aware, engaged in a goods and passenger traffic between Dublin and Liveipool — tbe old established City of Dublm Steam Packet Company, and its new rival, the Scotch Company. The former starts two steamers every night, and, when the demand renders it necessary, a thud, each containing between 300 and 400 passengers, 99 out of 100 being intending emigrants proceeding to take their bei lbs in vessels Utng 1 in Liveipool. The Scotch Company has one vessrfl every evening, but it is al*o invariably well supplied. So that wo have this lVtiiilt stating us in the face: fiom this poi t alone, either direct to America, or via Liverpool, yon have an exodus of the Irish people to the tune of at least 7000 every week. Roche, JJiothers, alone, have within the labt nine months despatched upwaids of 8000 emigrants for shipment to Liverpool. A close-obseiving f/iend, who returned tliit> morning" fiom a toui in l'ipperary, Limenck, and Chic, assures me that if the curient of migration proceeds in its present full an d lapid flood, Ireland, if inhabited at all in five yeais hence, will not be peopled by lii&hmen — at least /ar as the south and west aie concerned. The people, be allegps, who have been in the habit of paying SO.*, an acie will not now lemain on the land if it were reduced to 20s. or 10s, — they will have it at no piice. Their minds are completely made up to go after their ft lends — to go homp, that home not being ' Ould Ireland,' but the ' Fai West.' In parish alter parish he olund hundieds of the people on the ove of starting for tbe nearest sea-port, the piincipal delay in most cases being caused by the necessity of turning the crops into cash. It is not for me to moralize on this condition of tilings — uu prtcedented in the history of any people since the days of Moses— but it might be a very pioper theme for the study of the first Cabinet Council that is announced to be held."

The Lush in America. In Maich 18 M, the population of Ireland was 8,175,124; and theie can be no doubt that, before 1846, it bad increased to near 9,000,000. On the 30tb of March 1351, the population of Ireland was only 6,51.T,r5>4, which number has been still fui tljei i educed 'through subsequent emigration. 'Jho United States Cetibiih of 18."i0 showed a gross population of 23,000,000. Aceoidmg to the statistical tables presented by Mr. William F. Robinson, M.A., m his lecture delivered on the 22nd of July, 1851, before the delegates of some Araencdii Universities and Colleges assembled at Clinton, in the State of New York, that mixed population was made up as follows : — Irish bovn 3,000,000 Irish by blood 4,500,000 French and other Celts, by birth or blood 3,000,000 Geiman, by buth or blood 5,500,000 Anglo-Saxon, by birth or blood ....3,500,000 Coloured, free or slave 3, 500,000 23,000,000 From these figures it appears that, at the commencement of the present year (18j1), the total number of lush, by bnlh or blood, inhabiting either Ireland or the United Staces, was about 14,000,000; of whom about 6,500,000 wore then in li eland, and the remaining 7,500,000 in the States, wheie they constituted the most industrious and enterprising portion of the active population. It may be fanly estimated that, lx-foie the next decennial census of 1860-61, the above 14,000,000 of lush will harp mciea&ed to about 10,000,000; of whom, should Imb emigration continue to proceed at a rale exceeding a quarter of a million per annum, it is not impiobable tbrt about 12,000,000 may be iound in the United States, and not more, peibaps, than '1,000,000 in Ii eland, including among- the latter number most of the impotent poor, and the least enenjetic portion ol the Irish people. Ihe United States would thus become three tunes as Irish as Ireland. They ar» alieady moie Iriah than lieland. — Dublin Evening Pat. S

Emigration of Roman Catholics to Peru. There is an agent of the Penman Government at Cork (Mr. Kennelly) who is using his best exeitions to induce Roman Catholics lo emigrate to Peru, where, he deolaies, they will be leceived with open aims by the Government of that country. We are told by tho CoiL Examiner that — " The Peruvian Government consent to pay, in the fust instance, about two-thirds of the passage money, which, foi an adult, is £1.0 10s. Of this £10 10s. they consent to pay £6, leaving a balance of £1 10s. to be paid by each emigrant, but in sucli a manner as to render the payment a matter of Hilling consideiation. The £,C will be given as a fiee giant, in case that parties are willing to enter into a contract, binding themselves to ceitnin employers for five years, during" which timp they will be paid at a rate of wages of which they have no possible conception in this country. And they may also pay back the balance of £4 10s! at tho late of 2£ dollaisa month out of their wages. But if they be unwilling to emer into a contract such as we mention, then the whole sum advanced must be repaid at the same easy iate of monthly instalments. We can understand th.it the whole fare will be advanced in favour of some few individuals, and even families ; but, as may be ex pecteel, these parties must be not only of tho best and most commendable diameter, but redly an acquisition, from their skill and ability, m such department of industry as they profess. The classes required aro all Kinds of aitizans and mechanics, the best agiicuUmnl labourers, garden"!s, and domestic servants of both sexes, and of all capacities ; including coachmen, footmen, grooms, cooks, 1 uhes' mauls, housekeepeis, housemaids, also sempstresses, and other classes of dexterous and industrious females. We have also learned that a good domestic seivant will earn from £2 t to „£■!() ayeir; while the highest class will receive wages larger in proportion, aucouhng to greatei competency and skill. ° The Peruvian Government are not de&iious of, having any but Cttbolic emi!>innts; peihaps for the wise iea«on that, as the ppople of that countiy are of the same religion, Irish Catholics would host harmonise wilh their new employeis, and sonnei become accustomed to their new dwelling-place. Wo Anther understand that an lush Catholic cleigyman, who has been in the countiy before, will accompany thorn to their new home on the paitof the Government under whose auspices and protection they are invited to seek for a bettor foituue than any which the poverty and depression of then own countiy would enable them to realise."

A Currous F\cr. — If the Celtic^ population of Treland be emigrating, as they undoubtedly are, in unprecedented numbers, the pioperty in the land of Ireland is not passing out of the hands of the Celtic race as some of our contemporaries seem to suppose. Ihe opeiation of (lie Encumbeied Estates Couit has pioduced great changes in the cncinnstances and position of many of the gently, but the groat national involution with respect to race, that was expected, is not bein°realised. We have reason to believe we are conect in stating that the sum pioduced by the sales winch have sdieady t.iken place under the Couit amounts to £2,'j00,000. How much of this sum has been invested by English and Scotch speculators is at this moment an intciesting question, which we happen to be able lo solve. We can Mate dial not more than jf'J^OOO has been invested bv parlies fiom ilus side the lush Channel ; the remainder has been invested by Imb purchasers. It thus appeals that lieland was in possession of much moio capital than was expected, and the influx of English capital winch was bo confidently anticipated has not been reiihsed. —lhilanma. Eni uMDLiirD Esiaies Cointr. —Fiom a summaiy of the pioceedmgs m the above Couit up to the '2:? id S ptember, it appcirs that l()J.i petitions havp been piesonted that '110 estates havp been sold, that tho encumbrancer amounted to the sum of £, i2'i,4u0,~i76 ; that the net annuil lontal of tho estate wi, £1,HJ,090; (hat ihe amount relieved bv salt") was ,{,.*>,(i.51,,>0(); ami tint the sum ilistiibuteii ,to cieditois was X'1,?9H,000. Among the titled persons who*e esialea had been sold weic I maiq'iis., I'J oarls, ,3 viscount^, '1 baioiTs, 1 lohl, .) honouia')lf»?, '2U haioncis, 5 knights, 7 members of 1-uihameut, anJ 5 ex-mOiiilipis of P.ahaiucnt.

Address oi mi "Caiiioiic Uiiinot Associamov." The Address of the Aosoci ition h signed by (< f Paul Aichbishop of Aim.igh, Primate of all It eland, chairman; William ICeogh, Secretary." The Address sets foith (he following as the objects of the Association :— "Tin 1 objects of the Catholic Defence Association are to secure to the Catholic Church peifect freedom in the profession of her doctmie, the maintenance of her discipline, ;md the exercise of hpr f.uth. " To adopt all constitutional means to insine the repeal of the Ecclesiastical Titles Act, and all laws restiicting the leligious liberties of the Catholic* of the empire. "To relieve tlit? Catholic people of Ireland from the infoleiablc buulen of sustaining 1 an ecclesiastic.il establishment fiom which tliey not only derive no benefit, but the funds and ample resources of which are expended in persevering efforts to subvert the faith and overthrow the religion of the country. " To protect our poor fiom the odious and heartless system of pecunuiy proselytism to which they aie at present so much exposed. " To obtain and secure for all classes of Catholics sound Catholic nifstiuction and education. " To contribute to the intellectual and moral training of the people, and to the improvement of their social condition. " To assist Catholic institutions and protect Catholic endowments, especially those established for educational and chau'table objects, and upon all occasions to promote* the removal and alleviition of the j^ievailiiig social misioi tunes ot the people."

Tnr Roman Catholic Univfhstty. Tlip Tablet contains (lie following, which it treats as important intelligence :— "The Committee appointed by the Synod of Thurles to establish the Catholic University, convinced that it is of the utmost lmpoitnncp to carry the intention of the Synod into effect without delay, has lecently adopted measures for the speedy realisation of an object so dear to the wishes of Catholic Ireland. "At the last meeting of the Committee the Very Rev. Dr. Newman, the celebrated Oratoiinn ; Rev. Dr. Lenhy, ufTlunles; and J\l. \V. O'Reilly, E-q., L.L.D., of Knock Abbey, counly Loutb, wero chosen as a subcommittee to consider and report upon the organisation of the University, with the assistance of the distinguished conveit, Mr. Allies as secietary. " At the same time, to secure all the aid which abilities and experience could bring to the consideration of the subject in all its bearings, these gentlemen weie to avail themselves of the advice of persons both at borne and abroad, distinguished for literary attainments, as well as for the attention they have paid to the subject of education. " Accoiding'.y, a consulting Committee was named, including', in addition to the Piinnte, and the distinguished Arehbifchops of Cashel and Tuim, the ftaniGS of — 2. Di. De Ram, of Loavam ; 3. Dr. Dollmger, of Munich ; 4, Mr. Manning, late Archdeacon Manning ; .•?. Mr Hope; 6. Di. () IJ.inlon, of M.iynooth ; Dr. Coopei, of Dublin. &.c.

The Roman Catholic Priwaie and the Rev. Dn. NIWMAN. The Luncnck Examiner contains the following 1 , as the dedication, by the Rev. J. 11. Newman, of bis Jectuies at Biiruingham :—: — I ''To the Most Reverend Paul Lord Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland." " 3\ly dear Lord Piimate,— lt is the infelicity of the moment at which I wnte, that it is not allowed me 10 place the following pages under the patronnge of the successor of St Patrick, with the ceremony and observance due to so gi eat a name, without appearing to show disiespect to an act of parliament. "Such appeal ance a Catholic is bound to avoid, whenever it is possible. The authority of the civil I power is based on sanctions so solemn and august, and the temporal blpssiugs which all claws derive from its protection aie so many, that both on Christian piinciple and fiom motives of expedience, it id even a duty, unles-J religious consideiations interfere, to profess a simple deference to its enunciations, and a hearty concurrence in its very suggestions; but how can I deny of ) our Giace what may almost be called a dogmatic fact, that you are what the Catholic Church has made you ? " Evil, however, is never without its alleviation ; and I think I shall have your Grace's concunence if, in the present instance, I n'Pojjuise the opei.'ition, already commenced, of that unfailing law of Divine Piovidence, by which all events, piospeious or adverse, aiemade to tend, in one way or other, to the triumph of our religion. The violence of our enemies has thrown v;, back upon ouiselves and upon each other; and though it needed no very adventitious cause to lead me to aspire to the honour of associating my name with that of your Gracp, whose kindnet-s I had already experienced to abundantly when I was at Rome, yet the present circumstances furnish a motive of their own for my turning my eyes in devotion and affection to the Piimate of that ancient and gloiious, and much-enduring Church, who, fiom her own past histoiy, can teach her restored English sibter how to peraevere in the best of onuses, and can interchange vuili her, amid trials common to both, the tenderness of Catholic sympathies and the power of Catholic intercession. '' Begging of your Grace for me and mine the fulness of St. Patncli'b b< ncdiction, I am, my dear Loid Piimate, )our Grace's faithful and affectionate seivant, " John H. Nlwman, Cong Chat."

Tun CLAirssrN Fl\x Process. The Beljast Meicury states, on autlioiity, that Dr. Hodges, Pofessor of Agriculture, Queen's C -Hp^p Belfast ; Dr. Jilythe, Piofrssor of Cbymistry, nnd Mr. Muiphy, Professor of Agncultuie, Qupen's Collegp, CoiL; have been appointed as a commission to investigate the nieiits of the pioccss of piepanng flax pafontcd by the Chevalier Cl-m simi. Tlip exppnments aie bumg conducted at the flax steeping establishment of ftlr. Dargjn, the eminent railway contractor, about 1? miles fiom the city of Coik.

Irish Mints and Enoi.'sh Sli ileus.— The Ulster Cnseile has the subjoined giatifying statement : — "'1 lie valual le lead mines of Coolartia, in the county of Monnghan, the propeiiy of Mr. Edward W. JJond, of Bouvdle, have bpon lei bj linn to on eminent and enterj)iising mining company trom Cornwall, at a royalty of one-fifteenth, and winch pi onuses to be a veiy profitable s])eculation. We undeistand tliat fiom the extent of this towul.ind — its lich mineralogical n'souices, its tuibaiies, and other capabilities, the lessees considei it one of the most valuable in the noith of Ii eland, and that, independent of the benefit Captain Bond's tenantiy will derive from the inlioducuon of English settlers amongst them, his propoition of the profits will tealise a considei able pei centagc This is another step in the light diieciion; and, whilst affording a safe and secure investment for English capital, will be the means of giving employment in a distuct wheie it is much neuled, and amongst a people of inoffensive, lihlustiious, and pnmUive hal)its." The Manufacture of Pn^r. — The Great Peat Wot king Company of Ireland has commenced vigorous operations at Cahucaveen, near Valencia Harbour, and Las been for seveiai weeks affording ernploymput to horn 400 to 600 of the peasantry of that disliict. 1 hoy have now ipndy for conversion into fuel or chaicoal, 36,000 tons of peat, their woiks, for which the machinery is now leady, me in couise of election, and will be in operation within thiee months. The object of this Association is to conveit, under the patents of Messis. Gw}'iie and Hayes, the peat of Ireland into chnicoal for manufacturing, ogncultuial, and sanitary piu poses; as alao to create ii fuel of a density equal to coal. Loid Gough has completed the purchase of the mansion anil dcmi'sn&of St.lltlen's, four miles from Dublin, and a shoit distance fiom King&town, for his future iesidence. '1 he pui chase-money paid to Colonel if. White, foimcily one of'thorepte^eutatives of the county of Dublin, was, it is stated, i.' 1 0,000. Some yeais since St. Helen's wns the lesidence of the late Chief Justice Doheity. luisn Ri PRisrMATivn Pirn. — The Right Hon. Uuns.audl(? and Clanconel hits been chosen by a mnjomty of votes so be the Peer to sit it in the House of Lords in the loom of the Kail of Chai leville, deceased. His Loulship is a lesident liish Inndlox]. He served for several 3 ears in the auny, and held the rank of captain iii the 7th llus^ai 1 -. Disinuciivi: Wmni/MNi) in Limliuck. — On Sunday afternoon Lunoiiclt was visited by n most dpstiuctice whiihvind. The gieater poition of the day was fine, with occasional showers o( lain, and now and then bright sunshine. However, at the time above stited the hoimon assumed a bright yellowish asppct towards the noiih, and a whirlwind set in fiom the nouh-west, the effect being hist experienced at the Nonh Stiand, The noi-e 111 the an, as the whirlwind approached, lesemblod the roar of sleatneis dtschaiging waste steam (10111 then* funnels on levelling thp <nia\'«. In a moment the trees in front of Mr. Gleeson's house «oh; uptoin, and home aloft in the air to a great height ; the luavts

and liuge bianciies dangling so for a few seconds, whoa the. dt-nse body descended, tumbled the chimney"•lasses, demolislird tlio window frames, and rushed along the Wellesley Bridge, piostrating those \\ '<o were walking theteon, some of übom only escaped being cm i led over the swivel by firmly holding on by the iion paling , but they weie u.jurod by the frees which passed over them. Tl.e tpnific blast stiuck the office of the same gentleman, bituate at the sou'h-end of Wellesley Budge, at the city side cf the river, and so powerful was the gust that the entire shop front, shutteis, sash, window glass, &c, wgio shivered to pieces, and displaced two feet fiom the wall. The stores in Btunswick-street, and on Ilonon's quay, were shipped of their heavy slating, and the flues of the. kilns bulled away in thecunent. At Arthur's quay, sails were earned oft from the tuif-boats in the river and fell upon the house tops in D.'nmark-street. Two windows m Ciuise's Hotel, George's street, were blown in with a tremendous ciasli, some of the gentlemen stopping theie bping cut by the glas^. The shock was felt by the inhabitants of other dwellings in the vicinity, and caused utter consternation. The uncontrollable element was discernible throughout its devastating progress, resembling a heavy body of dust blown up fiom theeaith, and took a circuitous route, passing down Denmark street, thiough Mungret-stie t, and so on to Thomond Gate, doing consideiable damage to house pioperty, unioofing manj dwellings, stoics, warehouses, &p. The coin market in Mungret-strcet was considerably damaged, while window shutter*, fiames, and door-posts were blown about like so much tib«ue paper. Many peisons were lifted from torn fit ma, and spun aiound like whipping top*. Two men weie so badly hurt that they had to be conveyed to Bamngion'-, Hospital, where they lie in a precanou3 state. It is lather remaikable that this extraordinary phenomenon confined its lavages to the localities above mentioned.— Saundeib's Neus Letter. Arklst op Mu. M. O'Conneli., M.P. — "Affair or Honour." — The Cotk Examiner publishes a coiresponilence which has taken place between Mr. Mauuce O'Connell, M.P., and My. Hichaid Mahoney, a gentleman of note in the county of Keny. There are sti icily speaking six letters — the first from the lion, member for Tralee to Mr. M., demanding to know whether certain phiases in a recently published letter, charging some parties not named with forging names to a P.nliamentary petition applied to him, is followed by one fiom Mr. M., to the effect that Ins stnetures "apply solely to the authors of the forgery." Nos. 3 and 4 repeat Nos. 1 and '2. No. 5 demands a " straightforward answer" from j\lr. JM., and No. 6 announces the bloodless finale — namely, that Mi. iU. O'Conneil has bepn in rested in his bed, and that he holdb Mr. RJ. to bd "a shuffling c and a 1 ." Mr. flJahony has i>ince written to Saunders's News Letter to stale that the iulbi motion which Jod to the at rest of Air. O'Connell did not com* from him or any one of his friends, nor was it effected with the cognizance of himself or any of his friencls.