IRELAND. (From the "Times," July 1.) Dublin, Monday Morning. Revaluation of Land.

New Zealander, Volume 7, Issue 586, 26 November 1851, Page 3

IRELAND. (From the " Times," July 1.) Dublin, Monday Morning. Revaluation of Land.

The movement commenced nearly a year ago by Lady lleadly, on her Ladyship's extensive estates in tbe county of Keiry, has been since followed up by several landed proprietors, and among the latest by Colonel Pratt, of Cabra Castle, the owner of the Kings-court property in the county of Cavan. This gentleman has appointed two scientific valuators to ro-value these ebtatps accoiding to the intrinsic worth of the soil, hrespectivelyof any improvements made by the tenants, and has intimated through his agent, his wish and determination to let ins land on such moderate terms as shall not only lpt his numeious tenantry live, but also to meet the present reduced price of agricultural produce. If Colonel Pratt's example were moie generally imitated we should soon hear even less of " Tenant League" and its weekly exhibitions at tbe Dublin Mechanics' Institute.

Progress or le>onANCE. A Roman Catholic journal (the Waterford Chronicle) draws not an over-flattering sketch of the march of education in that locality :—: — " We are in this city worse off for the means of edncationthan we were fifty years ago. It is an appalling fact th.it the middling classes have not one school in Waterfoid w heie their children can get an education. Is it any wonder that everything about us is,gomg to ruin 7 We ventui c to assert that there are not five young lads in our city ahle to draw a section of any one piece of mechanics ; there are no f five mechanics here who know the names or properties of the materials they are using. You will get hundieds to spout politics with you; they will talk of the glorious Ilungauans or the pugnacious Kaffirs ; they will tell you of California and Cuba. Take down a map of the world and ask them to show you any one of those places on it, and you might as well send them to seek Sir John Franklin in a cockboat. This is a bitter truth, but it is truth. Public institutions, where the mysteries of science are unfolded, we have none ; schools, where mechanics are taught as a branch of education, we have not one ; the advantages of lectures, the uses of scientific instruments, the operations of the laboratory, these are to us only occasional exhibitions, not familiar practices ; and, in consequence of the want of opportunities for teaching our children an education suitable to the requirements of the age, wo can give {them but mere rudimentary knowledge, and then send them oft* on the public streets to waste their youth in idleness or in the acquirement of habits whoso pernicious tendencies are blots on their after life." From the foregoing the simple reader might draw the inference that the paper abore quoted meant by a sidewind to censure tha course taken by the Romish bishops towards suppressing those institutions which were established for the very purpose of supplying the want complained of, namely, colleges for the education of the middle classes. The Chonicle, however, means no fiuch thing, for in the same number of the paper there appears an extract of a letter addressed to " a friend" in Waterford, by the Right Reverend Dr. Walsh, Bishop of Halifax, United States, a native of the urbs intacla, and ''as orthodox in his love of fatherland as he is true and zealous in the ministration of his exalted duties." The letter, which bears date the 18th of June, opens with, the following flourish : — "Our steamer ai nved last night, in nine days from. Liverpool, bringing the glorious news of the confirmation by his Holiness of the Synod of Thurles. I hope we will now present an united and unbroken front to the common enemy."

The Distressed Western Unions. The guardians of the Ballinrobe Union having made ft formal application to the Poor-law Commissioners for leave to allocate a portion of the rate-in-aid to assist in. the emigration of some of the inmates of the workhouse, were met by a refusal, on the ground that Commissioners believe tbat the union " may now be considered as not included^i'n.' the number of distressed unions," a result which is attributed,! to .the efficiency and good-ma-nagement of the guardians.

The Orange Institution. The " Grand Lodge" of the county of Antrim have arrived at the sensible conclusion that it is inexpedient there should be any public display whatsoever to commemorate the ensuing 12th of July. The Dublin, Orangemen mean to have their usual tea and table-talk at the Rotunda, on Tuesday next, the Ist of July.

The North and South Contrasted. A gentleman who bas beeu travelling a good deal in the north and south of Ireland dptails the result of his observations in an amusing letter which appears in tbo Belfast Mercury, As may be readily supposed, the contrast between the two divisions of the kingdom, is as marked as night from day. In the former all is industry and consequent prosperity. Of the latter be says— *' Alas ! how changed did I find the scene when I arrived in the south. Here no factories or bleacb-greens or traces of industrial enterprize present themselves to the eye of the traveller. No society has b°en here formed for the diffusion of agricultural knowledge or literary society for mental improvement. All here are listless and apathetic, waiting for some lucky turn of the wheel of fortune, or possibly an act of Parliament, to enrich them without trouble or labour. If you ask a pious Protestant why such a state of things exists be will be apt to tell you that it is because the people do not read the Bible. If you ask a zealous Catholic he will likely throw the blame off the people's shoulders, by telling you it is ' all of the Lord '—meaning that the Lord chastens those wb.om he loves. Others, again, will tell you that the Southerns, as a race, are incapable of raising themselves above the difficulties with which they have from time immemorial been surrounded. Be that as it may, I have within the last week witnessed, in the counties of Tipperary and Limerick, districts of great extent of the most fertile land,unequalled in point of richness of soil by any land in Down, Antrim, or Armagh, and yet there are to be found at the present moment in each of the union workhouses in the districts I allude to from 4500 to 5000 paupers. When we look at these numbers, and consider the great decrease that has taken place in the population of late years, can we conclude that the south of Ireland is improving? I am. of opinion that it is not. With such a mass of pauperism, poor-rates aie excessive, and farmers are gradually becoming pauperised themselves. Every new rate that is levied brings a batch of the weakest of them into the workhouse; and thus there is going forward a process of exhaustion as regards the means of the farmer which, for anything I can see to the contrary, will ultimately diag down the wealthiest of them to beggary. The crops wherever I have been look remarkably well. Po tato tops had the appearance of blight about a fortnight ago, but they have since assumed a healthy look, which, shows that they must have been affected by frost or wind, and not by the fatal disease. Wheat has not been sown largely, in consequence of the failure of the crop last year. Flax is not likely to be cultivated to as great an extent as it was supposed it would be some time ago. Farmers in the Queen's County say that the expense of scutching (about £8 per acre) will prevent them in future from sowing it. The weather has now become warm, and there is every prospect, with a dry autumn, of an abundant ljaive&t."

State or Tiude. The following is exti acted from the weekly trade report of the Ficeman's Journal: — " Business in the produce markets during the past week was of a light nature, in part attributable) to the Curragh meeting. The Customs' duties for the week are £12,442, viz. . — Tea .. .. -• £5866 Sugar .. .. .. 1006 Wine .. .. •• 1260 Spirits .. .. .. 427 Tobacco .. .. .. 2609 Miscellaneous .„ .. 1272 which shows a decrease of £1685 compared with the corresponding week of last year. " The Irish Kank returns, which appeared in the Gazette of Fridny night, exhibit a large decrease in the cnculation in the past month, amounting to X' 260,055 —a larger amount than has taken place in one month for a long time ; for some time last year theie was a reduction of £227,000, and there has usually, for years apast, been a similar falling-off at this period of the year, paitly consequent upon the paying in of the levenue to meet the dividends due on Consols in a few days. There appears, also, a diminution in the bullion of £15,933. The following aie the figuies:—

of Ireland . . Puvate JiauLs Cnculation. £2,4.60,900 1,808,018 Coin£6o9,S3G 698,415 £4,208,918 £1,308,255 Last month £4,528,973 £1,324,118 Same time last year Ditto, 1849 £4,242,000 4,014,000 £1,424,001] 1,682,00(1