THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.

New Zealander, Volume 7, Issue 546, 9 July 1851, Page 4

THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO CONGRESS.

President Fillmohe's MeB3n£e to Congress uasdelivered on the 2nd of Dei ember. As tisual witU such document! in thr States, it was enormously long, the following is a f>nmm<iiy of its most generally interesting contents. Mutual reproach and tecriminatton, leading to useless irration, among Hie several members of the Union, should be avoided and deprec«te.d. All laws while they exist must be enforced Hnd obeyed, whether popular or obnoxious. The President must see the law enforced, without exception or discrimination. If any Act should pass both Houses of Congiees which should anpear to him unconstitutional, or an encroachment on Ihe jost lights of oilier departments, or with pro* visions hastily adopted, and likely to produce consequences injurious and unforeseen, he will consider it his du'y to apply the veto power confided to him by the Constitution, and arrest it. Foreign relations frenernlly are amicable nnd salisfnctnrly with Portugal, Brazil, Chili, Pern, and the Huvrsiin Kingdoms. They arc improved or unpioving. M-xico is being importuned to grant a mote uniestricttd right ot way for a railroad ncross the Isthmus of Tehuantppec, and the President hopes he s'iall arrange with Great Biitain respecting the ocean ship canal through Nicaragua. A treaty has been ratified by the United Slates and Great Diitain for facilitating and constructing a ship canal to connect the Atlantic with the Pacific at that point, and but two objects m connection remain to be accomplished ; namely, the designation and establishment of a free port at each end < f the canal, and fixing a distance from oicli shore within which belligrrent operations shall not he carried on. The receipts into the Tieat>ury during the fiscal year, which cloied with June last, were neaily forty-scv.'n and a half millions. The Federal levenue should !>e rahpn" main'y by duties on imports. Those duties should be so hvied as to benefit incidentally home industry, by shielding it from destructive foreign competition. They should not be exoibitant, l.ut moderate ; ihey should be specific, so far as possible ; and whenever ad valorem rates are tolerated, they should be computed on the home insread of the foreign valuation. The President recommends tliat California have a branch mint, and in the meantime that gold be stimprd by United states' assayer. Theße should be recived in paynvnt to the Government. An efficient agricultural bureau should be at once created. The Mexican land titles in California should be piomptly adjudicated, and (lie land la its extended to XJiah and New Mexico. The gold lands should be sold in <-mall quantities. The message further rcGommcnrls the or^umzit.on of one or more regiments of mountain men, for the protection of the frontiers in New Mexico nnd south of it, to help keeptbe Indians of Mexico within bounds; also that h law be passed authorising officem of the iirrnyand navy to letire from the sei vice, when incompetent to perform iis vigorous and active iluWus, inking care to make suitable piovision for those who have faithfully served the country by awarding distinctions, and by retaining in appropriate commands those who have been eonspicious for good conduct. A revision of the naval code is rendered necessary by the ncent abolition of flu«> g'ng. The Post Office department has cleared 340,000 (lo.lars duiing the past year, and the Postmaster-Gen-e'a! nnd P;e«ide»t unite in recommending a reduction ot the rates of postage to three cents for pre-pcud and five c- n's for tuip.ud letters, no umt f er wlnit distance convened; with home leduction on printed mater also. 'I ho Mesrage recommends also river and harbour impuncounts, light-houses &c. A prompt and disinterested tribunal lo adjudicate all claims on the Government. Lastly, the President recommends adheieuce to the peace measures of the last sebsion, fug-tive dave law included. He hayß that we have by the»e acts " been rescued from the wide and boundless agiLition that sm rounded v->, and have a firm, di->-tiDct, and 1e,,al ground to rest upon. And th^ nccision I trust, will justify me in exhoitintj my coutitrynie:i to rally upon and maintain that giound as the best, il nut the only means, of restoring p ace and quiet to the country, and maintaining inviolate the tntcgiity of tho Union."— The Mess.ge is looked upon a* a quiet sensible document,

Tim Two Presidents. — The last address of an Executive chief piesented to the vvoilu was that of Louis Napoleon, wlio only the other day wag in lodgin/s in Ktiig-btrecl, St. .fames', but who now, by the expulsion of an elec ed Kin£, prei-i'ies o\er the fortunes of France The addiess which this morrinsr occupies so tni'iiy of these columns is liom Millard Fillmore, fortrerly u limndiapei's shopman, und now by the tleutli of ins suprrior, the federal head of the United States oi Amctini. A century au'o, in the days of Louis XV. nnd George 11,, the wildest imagination could not have foreshadowed two such documents, two such personages;, and two kucli trains of events as, have placed them where they ate. If it was then somewhat less improbable th.it a number of British colonies should win their independence and form a federal union, than that the grandson of a then existing advocate in (j Isica should he the President of a Fiencb Rrpublic ; on the other hand, the message of the American Piesident is, on the whole, a greaier, n more (ompiclicnsive, nnd more significant marvel. The message of the Fieucli Picsidcnt seemed *>o exhihit him us healing the wounds and consoling the griefs of an aiuient and distracted monarchy ; as allaying its tumults and repairing its resources, and as much occupied in meuding the past as in planning the future. The document now befoie us is eminently prospective and hopeful. It is full of new opportunities, crenfive energy, and expanding empire. The days of Washin^tun, Franklin, and Maddison, are already ancient in the annulf of a republic whiih within five years has established its own undisputed sway irom the St. Lawrence to ihe Ilio Grande, and from ocean to ocean, ond within three year* has planted a wealthy and populous Stale on the hhoies of the Pacific.— Times.

Flax Cottjn. — We are happy to be in a position to announce to our readers, with mpeet to the vci y interest. ing experiments now being conducted at Manchester, for the purpose of adapting the flax fibre to the existing cotton machinety, a further step towards their completion bus been made by weaving some of the yarn spun upon cotton machinery. A quantity of the woven fabric has been Kindly forwaided to us by Mr. Thomas Graves. The cloth was woven npon the cir. cular loom invented by M. Claussen, and its tcxtme is even and tegular. The yarn from which the cloth is woven 13 composed of half flax and half cotlon. M. Claussen now proposes to reduce the quantity of cotton and tiy to spin it in the proportion of two-thitds flax fibre and one-third cotton. Arrangements are also in progreis for spinning finer yarns thiin nny which the inventor Jias yrt succeeded in producing upon the machinery of Mr. Bright, M.P. It is intendto fpin it with the above proportion of flax and cotton up to GO's, and we shall not be buprised to hem in u thort time, from what we have been of the capabilities of the fibre under this particular form of trtiitint'iil, that yarnß of the pure iliix libie, rcpal to those of the finest cotton yarns, have been produced upon thn existing cotton machinery. The consumption of cotton in tho Jast yar at Manchester was upwnrds of 770,000,000 of pounds, of about 1000 toys per day, The result of the expeii-

raents up to tho pinion* tutsc is "-ucii «<. to rliow that fl.ix mnv be suK'itulrfJ f»r onerh'lf nt luisi of Ibis <noimou? qiMuiify ; and in ok] or to supply the M.iuclusicr niatwifactnicr-r to liti- cvtyiu. the produce of 2000 Hcie^ of f]i.\ would be uqmieil il.ulv, or about 750,000 an ps anrttnlly. Tlip whole of the fUx grown in the United Kingdom docs not amount, in all pro faa'/ili'y. to one 1 spventb of that ([uantity; ami the gieat difliculty in tin* way of an eMensivp application ot (Ins itiViiluabte iuvdiuoii apjicari to be x'uc totally insufficient supply ol the raw mnteiial. — Morning Chronicle.

Rome. — A letter from Borne of the 31st gives some further details of the singular outrage committed at Forlirupopoli, by II Pnssatore, the notorious robberchief who infetts the Ilomagna, ami of which we stated the leading facts a few days ago. At the lime the biigands made their appearance at the theatre, )t was crowded to witness the performance of the '* Death of C.vsnr." It must be Kept m mmd that in Italy the theaties do not open until eiyht i>.m. 7 when, in wniall towns in paiticular, all the shops are closed, and the streets desetted, the inhabitants being either at hotno ; at the play, or at the cafes. Foihmpopoh is a town of four ihous.ind inhabitants, sunounded by a Ingli wall, with two gates, and about threw miles iiom Forli, of which it is a sort of sub ml). It is, theiefore, highly probable that, at the time abovo Mated, there was not a s-oul in the streets. The curtain lnd just fallen after the hrst act of the; piece, when, to the astonishment of the pubhe, it jose again, and discovered ten well-armed bngands, with tbeir muskets levelled at the pit und boxe-. At the same instant about thnty moie penetrated into the pit, and guarded every outlet. 11 Passntoie then stepped forward with the Keys of the town in his hand, and said, " Siguori, you are well aware that you are in our power; any attempt at lcsistance on your pait would foice us to cxtiemilies, which it depends on you to avoid ; so just mind what J leconnnend you to do. 1 shall call seveial of you by name ; each man, on hearing his name, shall step forwaid, and go home accompanied by two of my fi icndi, who will help him to cany all the money be has, and bung it here, without leaving a pipetto (a gro.it) behind." Having made tins speech, the orator produced a formidable list, and called ovei theiiaine r , meeting with thomobt exemplary obedience. The twelve carabineois, to whom the safety of Forlinipojioli was entrusted, had been all bound and gagged, so that no assistance could be expected from that ([iiaiter. Tho Gonfolomeie was the first called, and experienced sonic ill-treatment from the luflians. These opeiations taking some time, so m e men, to shorten the business, went from bench to beiHi, collecting watcheb, chains, rings, v.c. After the whole booty had been tin own into a heap on the stage, the cuiUin was let down, and the bngands withdiew. The money earned off was valued at <J(),OOOf., the tnnkets at double (hat sum. The numbei ofbugaiul-. ciunot have been less than 400. A stiong detachment of Austuau tioops has been sent aftei them.