ENGLISH EXTRACTS.

New Zealander, Volume 5, Issue 322, 30 June 1849, Page 3

ENGLISH EXTRACTS.

Tnr, diffcent nations and states of Europe seem to be recovering fiom the wild dreuni of democracy with which tlicy became afflicted this time twelve months ; they aie giadu.illy opening their eyis to the perils from whence they have escaped, nnd the dear experience they have bought, induces them to take more certain step* in the rfi-e8 t ablishm a nt of order and security. With the exception of the Roman States we may pronounce in medical phrase, that Europe is now " out of danger," of which the barometer of our fuuds give sure and certain indication. We have lately seen the fulfilment of a prophecy founded on calculation, and in the very faro of the dreams of the Peace Soeieiy, that the year 1848 would be a period of war. It has not proved nuch in the usual acceptation of the word, nation against nation, but true as regards nations at war with themselves, the most direful of all k<nd of hostilities. Another scene of bloodshed has been opened on a novel prize-fighting s'a^p, the valley of St. Francisco, in California ; where all order and comfort are at an end •• tha very persons scut there to support authority, have joined in the scramble for gold. We shall soon ha»e the fruits of a new inter, necine war, in which the weakest are »ure to go to the wall, and where Mammon will preside over the butchery of the " field of the dust of god." Already we have an instance on board a »hi|> freighted with the " hard food of Mid,\s."—United Service Mtgazine for Match 1849. Irela.no we look upon to be ia that state of difficulty and danger that appears to threaten the dislocation of society, but is merely a natural crisis, to which the even' B of a cent-zry have been rapidly harrying her. We have only tha hope left, that out of this chaoa a new order of things may arise, and that the mis»uidcd and indolent population may at last bo roused to a state of con*ciousn< ss of what is to them aid their offrpring the first of duties— exertion. If they cannot work ia their own country, and can no longer depend on the root which is the root of idleness let them go and icek their livelihood elsewhere. One of Franklin's sayings was, "where liberty is, there is my country '— and go seek for the land of promi« Thfir party feuds, thiir religious bigotry, their indolencr, nurtured by the easy cultivation of the potato, and which makes them advene to the more severe labour required in l*" c culture of corn ; with their surprising apathy to the riches of the seas thnt surround their coasts, nil seem to proclaim that Ireland is no pl.icc for tho Irish : let them go where they must work or stirve, and no longer depend on the charity of England, which, we may fairly tell them, ii nearly dried up. —United Service Magazine for March, 181!). Pauis no longer FuANcn. — In the address which Marshal Bugeaud, now Command* r-in-Chief of the Avmy of the A.lpe, mndc to the civil and military authorities of Bourses, in the beginning of February, he observed, not \vi hout the occasion cal'ing for it, — " I will rled<rato every power and eve-y facalty I can command, an I consecra'e the remainder of my days, in making common rau6e with you in deftnee of social order : not in behalf of any privileged class, but, on the contrary, in maintaining the interest of every rank of society, "hethcr poor or rich." (Cries of Hear, hear ! and plaudits.) * * " Gentlemen, there is one opinion, which has my hearty approbation, and it is spread fiomone end of France to the other ; I mean, that the dfpartments shall no longer wear thetyranni. cnl yoke of the factious nursed iv Parii— (reiterated plaudits) — no ; we ought no longer to suffer abaudful of Catilines— an epithet which does them, however, too much honour— we will no longer suffer a few thousands of perverse and deluded men to impose their will for laws upon Uie immense majority. No, gen'lemen, toy resolve is taken. If, although it may seem to be impossible, the Red Republic should gain the mastery in Paris even for a single day, —if it should compass tb° overtbrow of tbe Preiident of Ihe Ropublic,—l will inbtantly put myself at the brad of a 1 who choose io accompany me— (cries of "We will all follow you")— and go to the rescue of locial order. Yes, pentlcmen, I will be the first to entrr on the campaign, even though none but, a corporal and four men leagued themselves with me— (nhouts of applause)— and lam firmly convinced that Fiance would on all sides pour forth hrr true and gallant heaits to form a close and | impenetrable phalanx behind mcl"— United Service j Magazine for March, 1849.

The following picture of destitution in Ireland is (Lawn in a Ict'cr to the editor of the Dubliu Evening Packet, by Dr. Cullunan, incumbent of Louibbuigh, Mayo:— « This, moment," he says, " there arc hundreds of individuals dying about me of actual starvation, nlIhough we have apoor-liw I Uut it is a law that starves the poor man, and b this moment crus.hin^ the energies of the industrious man. The poor work in? farmer having in his hnggt id a stack of barley or oats, is compelled to sit up all night to watch, lett it should be earned away by ths starving poor ! In the olden times the maxim was, in a certain locality. urmali era cent ten am. These times (in an age inferior to the iron) have returned on us with the vivcre rapto. This week I visited several poor families of my own flock (hear it, Protestants of England and Ireland), and 1 found them in a starving state, two and three of a family in bet! all day for the sake ef the heat, for they had no food I Thii entire week I havt* been beset wi'h the poor of my church begging for food, and lam unable to aid them. One poor widow, a member of my fbek, lost her husband and four children from the effects of starvation. She and hei four surviving chihhen Trust soon starve, unless immediate aid is furnished by a Chiistian public. Another poor widow, belonging to my congregation, logt her fathet, mother, and husband, by fever ; and iv the (lames of lever ;>he 'gave birth to a posthumous c'»ild. She hin want, and craves, as a proiesiunt, (on a generous protestant public, food for her 01phans. This day I have four of a family dying for w»nt of food, and they and their forefathers have boen protestantß. Nny, what i« mo^t appalling, I have a most lespcctublc lady, a widow, with her j>tven 01phms, on the biink of the grave from actual warn, mid pciish she must with hoc chiWien unless timely md. i? furnished by n Chilean puVliv The wants of

my poor Roman Catholic parishioners arc cxtieir.e ; thoy arc dying in numbers duily and hourly fiora starvation ; and in (.lie aimals of the world never was heard of such patience amongst all our people under such unheard of sufferings. The famine years of 18 id 18J7 and 1818 wore halcyon years, when contrasted with this disronl year of 1 8 i i) . To give you a few eximples of the sufieiings of our poor— four of one family travelled sKty Iri3h mil's (for they had to gtt three times from Louisbuigh to Westport) to tha Wcbtport poirhou c c to facck lor aid ; thuy sought it in vuin •, two of the number perished (bpincj exhausted by famine) in endeavouring to crofs the rivets ; the remaining two lagged behind, (rom exhaustion, and thus were saved (if it is not a profanation so to sp'tik), m<l ienh guiviora ma?i<mt—sa.vcil from the water, slurvcl on the Innd ! Ano'her poor mnu was found dead in my P'lrisi* fiom hunger ushoil tune since; the only pioperty he h.ul on him was a ticket to t!ie p lorhouse ; he died bcfoic he ivi.ditid h I Hi aus huddled on a horse's, back, and buried itt his r.t^s, in a sandbank ! Frequently I have known two of a i.un'iy lying dead in one cabin tram slatvation, ntid it cauics not the least excite 7i en t in my locality. I henr patents about niu returning God thaulcj for talung u^ay by death their famine-slricken cliildrci, thi'ir f>ooi rliiMrun that have died from the effects ot Uungdr mid colv! ! 'I'lie sandbanks about me nre studded with the bodijs of (he dead! Often have I given Mime md to the poor to buy coffins; for the Eniall sum they received fro.v me they bought home food, and tlun buiied their dead in the sandbanks. The very graves in my churchyard have iv my prCbeuee benb >en assailed by lhe starving dogs! Fiom mcruini; uu'.il night I am now hourly bosct with crawling skeletons bilging tor food. The poor persons set down as entitled to receive out-door relief, are not this moment jeceiving half the quantity ruled for them ! The poor in my parish ought to have received ihcir trifle of relief for ibis week last Tburßday. No meal has yer ai rived from Weatpor?, nor is any distribution expicfcd here before Sunday next. The recipients of out-door relief ere Btarving three diyß in the week ! Such, my dear friend are the suffeungs of our poor— -hear now my own case. For tha labtyear and a half 1 ha\e rccctvtd only .£2O from the parish, and I have hid to jay mote t'nin £l' 2 inpoorlatcs and cesbes> wiihia this j/Ctiod. Thus tlic fruits o£ my industry in ccrty life arc be xv/, ej-hnusted ; and what grieves me to ihe heart is, that f ai« ueccfiMtated to be in a locality wiure I am compelled to loots, upon my fellow-man dyui^ of \vm r ond 1 not üblc to aid him. I cannot conclude tliis htateiuctu without returning my hcarthslt than'co to Sir lii'oon and Lady Blossc for the pocuni.uy aid and sympathy they afforded my poor while I weu in the. pariah of MayoTo Lord Slifjo and his ostiuiible lady I am truly indebted for their geneiom aid since I csine to Louisburgh—with thcii m )ney, their fcytnp.it!iy, and their extreme kindness, they have done nit in their power to enable me to bar up ogainsf-, and to mitigate eoine of. the liorroia of, the famine ia iVluyo,"

Tim Population of Cavvd^..—We undcrst.inil that the icsult of the census, ju^t completed, (Anoint, 1843,) of Upper Canada, will };ive that section of the province a poputiuiou ot fiom f>8l),090 to 700,00 ft souls; while by the census of 18-12-1843, it w<js only 401,061, giving tin inciease m five years of neaily ooo,oof>. The hat canvas for Lowji- Canada was taken in 1811, tvlum the population was (J99,G06 souls, the incuMSv- upon which during the last four years, ii calculated !>y lcfeicncc to preceding terms at which. censuses u.t«e been taken, to be *ibout 7u,00(), giving this section of ihe j.iovinco tho pii ctnt population ot about 770 000. Tie population of Upper Canad* would thus appuir to ni/ve.ise at the vue of 40,000 per ati'.u i, and Lower Canada at about 17,000 pur aiitium iupposinj. 1, thee «luhvc i.it>& of ineroaia to be maintain* (I. the year 1&')2 wi.l bco Upper Camilla with a population ot tf jS),OOi), and L >wer Canada with only 810,000. 18<>2 will give the former a population of 1,259,000, and the latter only 1,015,000 souls. The experience of the pabt and the present condition of Great Britain and Ireland will, wft think, justify the belief that the inctease of our population by immigration will be greater dining the next twelve yeais than it hrts ever hitherto been, and that the relative proporr tioiv> of auch increase will be largely in favour of Uppec Canada. The probability then is, that by the yea1862, the western section of the province will contain one million and a half of ininbUants, or one-third more than that of the eastern section,—Monti eat Herald. 1

Presidents of tiic Uvnr.n States.—A. Paris print fahows th >t General Tuyloi « tint 12r.h President of the United Stutes of America since the declaration of independence. Washington reigned, if we may so spctk, from 1788 to 1796, having been re elected in 17D2 fora second quadrennial period. John Adams reigned from 1796" to 18i)0 ; Mr. Jifforson, from 1800 to 18 8; Mr. Madison, from 1803 to 1816: Gflneral Montoc, fiom 1816" to 1824 ; Mr. John Qaincy Adams, from 1824 to 182S; General Jackßon, or " Old Hickory," from 1828 to 1836 ; Mr. Van Buren, from. 1836 to 1840 ; General Harrison, elected in 1840, for a lew months only, having died in th» spring of 1841 ; Mr. Tyler, his successor, from 1841 to 1844 ; and Mr. Polk, the ex-Piesident, from 1844- to 1848. It will bo seen that of the abjve eLven Presidents as m«ny as five were elected for two consecutive periods. " The constitution of the United States, observe! the Journal dv Havre, " whiU it orders that the Piesident shall be elected for four years, has said nothing respecting the limits to be asuigned to lh° pnvilege ol re election. It has been seen that several Presidents set red twice, but a third re-election has never or-cuireii, Washington having nobly lui'ugod to occupy the Presidential choir tor a third quaditnnial period, m order to avoid the darnels to winch Ihi? possible ambition of his successors might luve exposed thi republic." In the United States, the place of the I'iesident, if vacated by his decr-.as?, is occupied forthwith l>y the Vice-L'nsi-dent pio lonpote ; vvhereos, in Prince a hjw elictioil inußt mice place within a month's dale from the demise of the President.

Death prom a Drop or Wax.—-It is with much regret that we announce th,i deuth of Dr. John Stewart, which took place at his house »t Cumnock, on Monday, the '20th nl'irao, after a week's illness. He had accidentally burnt his wrist some short )im? previously, by letting full u,ion it a drop of melted wax, but the injury w.ib so slight that he paid little attention to it ut the time. In a lew days, however, it became inflamed and piinful, and notwithstanding »U that medic.il skill could devise, the inUntnmati.m mci cased, inducing a high decree of {ever, till, aher a wei'k of M-vos.i "ihHicis, exhausted nnruic g«ve w»y. Dr. Stonarl «.ii pos^.tcd of much piofoi.l4i)i)al tlull, and wus [.aittcu'.'ulv noted In th.s <k"deiily and suefss ot his suigicvl (Relation-,. -i> ?dney Monwff Herald

A SiiAi'i- ('mum i ~~\ n^ucc of the pence, wh° was p >vesMJd wii'i (ho itoh ol .tubbli-ig, and haj wnttcn ,i book, whtcli h. iru.mt lo publish, vent it to lien J« n.on, f«M his o,,n> on who, lmdu.fir it full ofabsmditil'h, i llil'i J I i ' his> woisiup "'-" !< ' "