WHEAT MANURES.

Mataura Ensign, Volume 6, Issue 346, 8 April 1884, Page 5

WHEAT MANURES.

W^^JWHEAT (said, Dr Caird,; |^P|^:^f^lii|i;recesLti ■ lectures at Kiama iargei'y \>y fhe addition of .; 'rhanures, and' as clover fe^^eCdfl^sd large a\ quantity of nitroflig^nl^-^ o^y.A n,a^ ural to expect that af^e^e^^ %heat, after clover would Iftaipanprt oi what, the land might be |l|^pvim,e.d to produce)without manure, of clover was taken from rfife^iißxperif nee has, however, pi oved o?'thi S;P r ®suniP ti'nn > *or tne |£§^jr^s\(exactly the op^Wite. The "Gilbert and Lawes have ;|J|ifeved^i;^ih>i;" the wheat-producing l^jp^er^iof-'^ soil. are ( not increased in jdegree' by the liberal |£e%p;iy of mineral, matters, which enter |ftilft^jijthe-coniposition, of the ash of that the 1 abstraction of (I'th&efipineial matters from the soil in yield, of, whe.at, pro-l|/-^i^[dd|\vthbre exists a fairly.., liberal |^^p^lyj;;bif;ni,trogen within the soil it||Mel^fv^efamount:Qf nitrogen in the vis^,the important factor f6r pronot only ''extracted by the clover ; ;^bti|r;alsp. nitrogen/ sis already stated,! f^andi.&iai;-being, the dase' we should na-( eixpect)that ■>the extraction of; Hi such large, quantities would ; deleterious effect. The analysis f^JProlpV^rJQjptß'Te'ads as follows :~•• ;^V".';:Wa4f;U/! : ... ■ '.'.. ••44-676 • :,: V ; vOrganic matter ... 49236 ..>V!; Mineral../ ■ 6-089 organic' matter,is, equal to 1*297 : o£^^nitrogen. So with a yield of 3| '/-#O3QS::-:toHhe./«cre the-nitrogen in the *; plover'foots amounts to 1061 b per acre ' ;:pr abouttwice as much. nitrogen as is ypresent in the average produce of an ;;/acre-;bf? wheat.. , There cannot be, /^'tl^eii, 1 aiiy. dpubt abput clover accumulating a large amount of nitrogenous f fatter from th^ surface soil as /well as ':-; from^ the V atmosphere. The surface yields a. good quantity owing to '; tiie;drojpiping of decayed leaves during. ■\ 'the /plants'^ growth, whilevthe roots, r* being numerous, pick up lower down* ;:all t^efayailable nitrogen. Eemember, '{' it is not,given put that clover produces ti-inipremitTog^n in the .soil, it is only ;^'maintained that clbver has the power |-\C^|«jng.it together in -an ' available : f igifai ; even* though the nitrogen should :?b^ly^^st'.iii'>.yery'' lwe^-.-solution. Dr there was :>;-ii^e.'''Wi^e^.^p«ring-iii;the- Kiama dis:^^^i(«ftS^|J^"4•fei^mers '.to under|^^and!xthat;«flr Alitrogen'is ' the; mainstay lyqi;y6gptßiiiopl-i i'th(sy.; hiad in mixed clover o^!^^^o^^pi^ci6i^,\ a 'taanure MUK W4lß^>^^- it t^|^^es^he^iioaiis,r in >fipme; measure^ |^p^^j|^iw"ay;^-witii; .that; '"deplorable-" :€^^-a7^ery^^q\i?pt.''%causa': :'pf delay in. ;H^ls^rtf: tpJQ:^e^rly-^ll .of jßrp'anu, Some-; %*totig^epend^ upOii (character % ijoi i|ti|ipleturn.*' ;4i^^churn that agitates the i/>'-'W^&pat'wjih^great vipl<ince;' -as wh^n th s^all, and are. revolved kof,speed, is .likely to tear ft^hjß breams to beat it' into a froth, like r eggi;under a beater. The t churn, hew-•^e-fieryis usually less at fault than the P.%re^pi.:or the operator. If cream is T churned .vei-y slowly there may be CBO little friction that it will never ©pme. By Blow, churning the tempera- ': ture.may^ churn m much during the operation so as so prevent success. If vfc plain box or barrel churn is filled yiryluU,., and the cream swells, the ■ .reToiuti,on S;Baay go on without agitating^ the. cream, at all, and «>if the '/«liu'm^liaa' a crank, and floats the cream l^':'^y^J)e' f -Mvblvedipv.a solid body withPoiit friction, except upon very amall " portidns of the cream. As a rule a '}■■ ohurch shoulctnbt jb© much more than :. l»a^ful| of cream at r any time, } 5 >*|ipiigli;f" /. rducla. * j.;clepen^s upon the ')■-.^^jwttujfce'r- iyofi thej cream. If it has ■'•':^ife^M«&liEromV"'.Boaldc'd milk it will :';ofiu?tf almost under any condition in spring and fall ;tiihirt?trdtfljleis;inbßii frequent, but yery ? hbt lWeathk^ yU^es3 ice is used isalasl'bad. Those who change from theuse of the old-fashioned open pans ;; tbepme one of the deep-setting systems iai# pretty sure to have more or less . trbuble in» «hurning, chiefly because <itt;ifeep^ttang t&e bulk of the cream '■* is increased^ and'that is conseC quently mucii'ftiller when used. This i alone is often a sufficient explanation of tne cause of the difficulty when (BVeani refuses co N be changed wt^ butter. ■■*•■■••'