English and Foreign.

Lyttelton Times, Volume VI, Issue 377, 18 June 1856, Page 4

English and Foreign.

AMERICAN DIFFERENCES WITH ENGLAND. (From the " Sydney Empire.'1) The American ship Whirlwind arrived at Melbourne from New York shortly before the etc mer Wonga Wong* left, bringing dates to the Ist March, She brought intelligence that the steamer "America" from England, was tnj-es days over-due when the Whirlwind left New York; and that if on her arrival she did not bring out the recall of the Ambassador, and the three consuls at Philadelphia, New York, ami Cincinnati, their passports were made out by the American Government, in readiness to be handed to them. Gn Friday we stated that the American ship Whirlwind hail arrived at Melbourne from New York shortly before the steamer Wonga Wonga left, bringing dates to the Ist of March. Some items of the intelligence brought by her were then given, and we now subjoin fuller information taken from the "Argus" of the 22nd instant. THE WARvQUESTroX. In the House of Representatives, on the 27th February, the discussion on referring the message of the 'President, .recommending the appropriation of 3,000,000 dollars to increase the efficiency "of the military, was resinned. Mr. Qnitman said there wiis nothing in the message ominous of war, as had been stated : though in his opinion there was a possibility, if not a-probability, of war. England could not engage in a. war with this country without convulsing her kingdom —three millions of subjects being dependent on one only of our products— cotton. Mr. Faulkner did not regard the message as warlike, but simply as suggesting a revival of the past unwise policy regarding the manufacture of arms at arsenals. He thought Mr. Humphrey Marshall had excited unnecessary alarm yesterday by throwing out the idea of warlike intentions contained in tl;e message. He apprehended that when the Administration determines on war, a message will be sent openly announcing the fact, and acting oii that, as on other subjects, boldly and fearlessly." Mr. Humphrey Marshall contended that from the face.of the message he was justified in believing that the President looked to war.' He did not want to see the Executive filibuster about the subject—sounding the note of alarm as if preparing for a conflict, unless questions have arisen justifying such conduct. If necessary, he (Mr. Marshall) would not hesitate to vote supplies for the defence "of the honour of the country, when the application comes in a proper manner. The matter was referred to the Military Committee. In the House of Representatives on February 28th, a resolution was »d< p ed on the motion Jf Mr. Florence, instructing the Committee on .Navai affairs to inquire into the expedience of making an immeuiate for the construction of ten sloops or other vessels.of war. IMPORTANT FROM WASHINGTON. «J he _SV;5 V;' hhin-rto1> Correspondence of the New York Herald," wriiiug on the 28th of .February, says— A new and extraordinary chapter in the diplomacy upon :the Central" American question has opened. Last evening Mr. Cramp-.,,,, addressed a hasty note to Mr. Marcy, enclosing a letter from Lord Clarendon to the British Mnnster, dated so long ago as last autumn, in ! which Lord Uaivndon loosely recites a conversation between himself and Mr. Buchanan, on he subjeuL on refernng the Central American difficulty to a ihncl Power of arbitration He requests Mr. Cra.nntun to communicate his letter to the American Government Mr. damp tun's apology'to Mr." Ma rev for not hav.ng ,!one so before is that he overlooked the concluding paragraph comaining that request. He „,,iv sends the original letter without stopping to make a 0 -.py,- and requests that it may lie copied and returned to him Hh seems all at o».;e to have »ot into a 'hurry about the bus!..,**. The | e «:er of Lord Clarendon can hardily he called a ilowiiri«ht offer to submit the matter to arbiir:ui., n . B It m i<rht more properly be characterised as an effort"to Bound the American Government on the subMr. Buchanan recenily mnrfe a specific and emphatic demand u»oi, Lord Clarendon -i= to what he tnetuu by his declaration in Parliament that he had recently renewed his <iifc r to submit the Central American difficulty to the

arbitration of a third Power. He told Lo'd Clarendon that nothing was known of such an offer in London. Lord Clarendon at first talked about his previous conversations on the subject wiib Mr. 'Buchanan. These conversations had been of a suggestive, discursive and rather jocular character, and did not embrace any proposition which Mr. Buchanan had a right to consider definite and serious. After referring for some time, however, to these " talks,'' Lord Clarendon told Mr. Buchanan that he had written to Mr. Oamplon renewing the offer; that Mr. dampton had communicated his views to Mr. Marcy, and that Mr. Mnrcy had replied that the subject was in the hands of Mr. Buchanan.

Now you will note that, so far from this being true, Mr. Cramptou had made no communication on the subject to Mr. Marcy prior to yesterday, and that it maybe deemed an exaggeration to cill Lord Clarendon's letter which he then sent" an offer to arbitrate.

I ha\e already contradicted the report that there bad,,,|>eeu a personal quarrel bet.we.en Lord Clareason and Mr. Bucbanah ; biit you may easily infer, from what I have stated above, that a. must spirited conversation on public affairs took place between them. If you add to this the inference that Lord Clarendon became very pettish, and that Mr. Buchanan was quits positive and dignified, both in language, aud manner, you will have nearly the whole story.

The letter of Lord Clarendon, communicated by Mr. Crampton yesterday, probably be transmitted to the Senate to-morrow, in compliat cc with the resolution adopted to-day.

United States and Rossta.—The " Boston Courier" contains a loiijf HIU I u l,l e . ir tic!e f, om St. Petersburg, nrjrinjr " a perpetual alliance, commercial and defensive," between the United States and Russia." If the United States were as foolish as some other nations, observes the New York " Journal., of Commerce," she mijrht accept the " flattering: unction," and entail upon herself a contracting: and devastating: war, the result of which, whether victory, or both, would damage her most vital interests, present and prospective. It will be time enough for us t» plunge into the vortex of European warfare when'we can no longer keep out of it. At present we are not called to any such sacrifice, and there is little probability that we shall be.

Coast Defences.— The Louisiana Legislature have referred to the Committee on J?e<.eral Affairs, a resolution reque.stiii"- representatives iv Coiitrress to apply for appropriations " lor ihe erection of such works of defence, at or near the mouth of the Mississippi river and in tl c Atchafalaya Bay, as will be sufficient for the better protection of the emimerce of the Gull of Mexico, an,l better secure the approaches to the interior of our Slate from the fleels and armies of an invading foe. "

llKCiPuociiY.-At a meeting of the Buffalo Board of lrade last. week, the commiitee on the subject of reciprocity in Trade between the United Slates and the Canadas reputed j,, favour of memorising Congress to extend the provisions of the Reciprocity Act.

New Orleans— The New Orleans Picayune says, that though it can scarcely he remembered that there ever was n winter approaching to the present in severity, the season has been one of the busiest and merriest experienced a long time Annexation of thb Mosquito Tbrbmoby' -Our artvjces fro,,, Nicaragua are important" Iheprov lsl ,»nal government have annexed the M.-quu., lerntory and banished Colonel Kiimey, lie having been charged with entertain ng treasonable uesig lis against the State D.plo.nauc regions h ; ,ve been opened'wUh Co ß .a It,ca, w.uh^very „n«peet of leading to " (rood uiiilerstaiidmjr wil |, „,e government o f that country. Mar.ial law has heen us el a«.d the law, are ad.ninistered by the c ' bunals. Ge.,er«l Cabanas was intri uirl against General Walker, but his eft ri"w Pr s nol looked upon vvuh the slightest alarm Oder re^dtronglnnuNicaragm^t,,^^-,^ inan> 1.-ca improvements were goin- on the puWip .e..1i1, was excellent, the weather deHeh" Urn " Alne "c«»is,i,g t h e ualive v .

mJnL/'Vo^^^l^ aSk6d a Semifondone'snnL • J "' not secure s°me Hfe replied ? a"y n *L 8 T v°yaße °n the ocea» °f