OUR BABIES.

King Country Chronicle, Volume IX, Issue 748, 24 February 1915, Page 3

OUR BABIES.

Published under the auspices of the Society for the Health of Women and Children. "It is wiser to put up a fence at the top of a precipice than to maintain an ambulance at the bottom." MORBID HABITS. In response to a Heries of letters of inquiry, I gave last week some notes on "Earth-eating" and other* morbid habits liable to arise in childhood. The further extractß Riven at the end of this column from Dr Still's lucid and authoritative remarks, based on his very extensive London experience, throw much light on the subject and should prove helpful to any parents engaged in the difficult and supremely important task of trying to get a child whose habits have gone astray back into a normal channel. I*, wi'l be seen that the basis of treatment is preventive—viz., the establishment of a strong. wellnourished, healthy body. Lack of control tends to manifest itself in restlessness, insomnia,, nervousness, irritability, bad temper, muscular jerkings and spasms, incontinence of urine, and faulty habits oS all kinds, including sexual perversions; all these manifestations being specially characteristic of the child who has not been properly built and trained as a "healthy animal." From childhood to the grave the power of. control and of healthy selfdirection is at its highest when the digestion, nutrition, and bodily health and potentialities are at their top notch also. HEREDITY. Of course, heredity is an important factor. Undoubtedly children of bocalled "nervous parentage" are more liable to acquire morbid habits than children of parents who are Jess alert and more stable and phlegmatic; but the child born with what is called a "nervous temperament" can be developed in the direction of its more desirable potentialities, instead of being allowed to drift into wrong channels. Everything depends on the feeding, training, etc. in other words, on the environment. ENVIRONMENT. Parents should realise that "Environment can knock Heredity into a cocked hat"—that the guardians and directors of a child can do everything by proper feeding, care, and attention —indeed, the more nervous the tendency of a child on account of unstable heredity the more careful should the parents be to rear and train it on sound and sensible lines. As Dr Clouston says, "Morbid potentialities need never become actualities." Once a child is born we can't change its heredity; but it is our duty to leave no stone unturned when we take charge—there is no limit to what we can effect by means of environment. We owe «very child its "natural rights" —the right to be well and regularly fed, to be given plenty of outing and exercise, plenty of fresh air and sunlight, etc. —and Burely the claims on Bociety of those who start handicapped in any way are as strong as the claims of those who start with no such disabilities. Extracts From Article on Morbid Habits in Children, by Dr Still.

"There is no period of life at which habits are so easily established as in childhood; but, fortunately—for, like rank weeds, bad habits grow faster than good—childhood is a plastic age when the deep ruts of habit may yet be smoothed away, and custom moulded to new tracks." PICA: OR PERVERTED APPETITE. "Very curious is the habit which has been described as pica, or dirteating ; it is seen mostly in the later half of infancy—from one to two yearß of age; but, as Dr John Thomson has pointed out, it begins sometimes in later childhood, when from any cause the general health fails, and the child becomes anaemic. Dr Thomson has recorded 11 cußes, in nine of which the habit began before the child was two yearß old. "I have noteß of 14 cases which have been under my care —seven boys and seven girls—not including three cases of hair-eating, which ought, perhaps, to come in a different category. "The history of the child with pica ia sufficiently Bhown by .the following cases: — "Ivy J., aged four and a-half yearß, was Bent to me by Dr R. M. Stewart, of Dulwich. Since the age of 15 months she had a craving for what her mother described as 'rubbish.' She was particularly fond of green

stuff, such as raw cabbage leal and potato peel. A fortnight before I saw her she had pulled down a clematis in a neighbour's garden and eaten the leaves. She would also eat the wax faces of her dolls —had eaten five between Christmas and February—and at times had eaten sand and mortar, and also eaten part of her pinafore. When taken to consult a doctor she V7as found eating the papers in his waiting room. "She was a very passionate child, but apparently of normal intelligence. Her appetite for ordinary food wan very poor. She had had thread wormß since the age of two years. "The only acute disturbance which had resulted from her morbid appetite was after eating privet leaves, when acute gastric symptoms had occurred. "Muriel J., aged three years, at the age of 14 months began to eat earth, and when placed in her 'pram' to stop this she sucked the mud off the wheels and ate it; she had a great fondness for eating mortar, which she picked cut of the walls; she had eaten the tops off a dozen safety matshes, and candle-grease was also a favourite. She ate the legs and arms off all her dolls, if they were made of composition, so that only china dolls could he used. She had a very bad appetite for ordinary food, and waß so passionate that the day before I sa<* her she had thrown a scissors at her sister when thwarted of some desire; she had also suffered with night terrors. "She sometimes passed earth with her stools, and had also vomited earth. Her mother stated that she herself had suffered at the age of 16 years with a craving for blotting-paper and linen, and used to get out of bed at night to eat towels." (Continued Next Week).