Useful References

Horowhenua Chronicle, 8 September 1910, Page 1

Useful References

FOR TRAVELLERS AND STAY-AT-HOME PEOPLE.

Steamers leave Wellington f«r Christchnrch practically every evening in the week. Afternoon train* from Levin connect with them. There are frequent trips to_ ports further .south, such as Dunedin and The Bluff. Steamers leave Wellington for Sydney direct on Friday of every week, and anyone who finds that day inconvenient may get to Sydney from Auckland, whence a steamer leaves every Monday, after having voyaged up from Wellington via Napier and Gisborne. The.inward steamers from Sydney to Wellington go on to southern ports, and from The Bluff they steam up to Melbourne and latter on to Sydney. As a means of enabling the sender of a letter addressed to a place abroad to prepay the postage on a reply, the Department issues reply coupons on payment of a fee of Id. These coupons may be exchanged for a postage sftnmp of the value of 2id in any country which adopts the scheme. New Zealand's population, in- j eluding that of the Cook Islands I and other deoendencios, is now well over one million.

In June, 1908. the estimated population of London was 4,795,757. The rateable value of property in England and Wales has risen each year since 1874. The figures arc ns follows:— In 1874, £115.646.631. Tn 1888, £145,527,944. Tn 1894, £161.139,575. In 1908, £212, 757, 450. Th'e total rateable value in 1874 represents an average of £4 17s 6d per bead of population, while in 1908 the average was £6 per head. People are puzzled to know what is meant by occasional references, in discussions on naval armaments, to the German Naval Law. The German Navy Law of 1907 provides for the laying down in each year from 1908 to 1911 of three battleships and one armoured cruiser; also in each y'o<ar from 1912 to 1917 of one battleship and one armoured cruiscr: also in each year from 1908 to 1917 of two protected cruisers and one destroyer.

New Zealand's public debt at 31st March. 1910, amounted to £70,938534, the increase for the twelve months immediatelv preceding having been £4.484.037. Of this amount £1,200,000 was raised by way of public works, £1,048,800 under th'o Advances to Settlers and Workers Act, and £1.000.000 under the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Purchase Act. £250,000 was raised under tbeLoanstoLoc.nl Bodies Act, and £211,495 under the Land for Settlements Act.

Great Britain's National Debt, on 31st March, 1909, stood at £754.121309, beinga decrease of £5,704,742 bv comparison with th'o figures for ttlhe year immedliately preceding. Against this were set down assets £37.160,000, the principal item being the estimated market value of the Suez Canal shares owned by Great Britain (£32,000,000). AGE OF HORSES AS SHwWN BY THEIR TEETH. A fowl of six months has nix grinders in each jaw, three on each side; also six nippers of front teeth, with a cavity in each.

At tlie ajre of one ye-fir, ho loses tlm first milk grinders nhovo nncl below, an<l front teeth have their

utr"UM\ , «i<mt iiuiiu uiit?n cavities filled up alike ito teeth of horses of eiprht years of age. At nee of two «nd a half to three years, he casts his two front tippers, nn<l in a short time after the two next.

At age of four years, grinders are six upon each side, and n.t .about four and a-half his nippers are all permanent ones, by the replacing of remaining two comer teeth"; tushes then appear, and he is no longer a colt

A/t five a horse has tushes, and there is a black-coloured cavity in centre of nil his lower nippers. At six this black cavity is obliterated in the two front loweir nippers.

At seven the cavities of the next two are filled up and tushes blunted ; and at eight the cavities of the •two corner teeth are filled up. Hors'e mav now be said to be aged. Cavities in nippers of upper jaw are not obliterated until the horse is about ten years 'old, after which tushes become round, and nippers project and change their surface.

TO ASCERTAIN THX! WEIGHT OF CATTLE. Take ifchie measurement of the erirth where it is smallest (close hehind the shoulder) and the length of the nnimal from the front of the shoulder to th'a junction of the tail. Multiply thhe souare of the cjirth in feet and inches bv the lencrth in feet, and multiply the product by .23, .24, .26, .28, or .30. according to th'o fatness of the animal, and the result will give the weight in imperial stones. For instance. if th'o firth of an animal in moderate condHioin he 6ft, the length sftr 4in. th<m 6 x 6—36 x 51-3—192 x .24—47.08 stones. The foregoing is the carcase weight of ■the animal. The weight of the carcase would be ahont fnf the liVo weicht for cattle: for sheep, from 1-3 to J; and for a pig, frbm } to J the live weight.