Useful References.

Horowhenua Chronicle, 23 August 1910, Page 1

Useful References.

FOR TRAVELLERS AND feTAY-AT-HOME PEOPLE. Steamers leave Wellington for Christchurch practically every evening in the week. Afternoon trains from Levin, connect with them. There are frequent trips to_ ports further south, such ns Dunedin and The Bluff. Steamers leave Wellington for Sydney direct on Friday of every week, <vnd anyone who finds that day inconvenient may get to Sydney from Auckland, whence a steamer leaves every Monday, after having voyaged up from Wellington via Napier and Gisborne. The.inward steamers from Sydney to Wellington go on to southern ports, and from The Bluff they steam up to Melbourne and 1 after on to Sydney. As a means of enabling the sender of a letter addressed to a place abroad to prepay the postage on a reply, tho Department issues reply coupons on payment of a fee of Id. These coupons may be exchanged for a postage stamp of the value of 2sd in any country which adopts the schema. Now Zealand's population, including that of the Cook Islands and other dependencies, is now well over one million. In June. 1908. the estimated population 'of London was 4.795,757. The rateable value of property in England and Wales has risen each year since 1874. The figures arc? as follows:— In 1874, £115.646,631. In 1888, .-6145.527.944. Tn 1894, £161.139,575. . In 1908, £212, 757, 450. Th'oitotal rateable value in 1874 represents an average of £4 17s 6d per head of population, while in 1908 the average was £6 per head. People are puzzled to know what \s meant by occasional references, in discussions on naval armaments, to the German Naval Law. The German Navy Law of 1907 provides for the laying down in each vear from 1908 to 1911 of three bat/tleships and one armoured cruiser; also in each year from 1012 +n IPI7 r>f rvne btHJr>fiTnr> .nrr 1 nn» nrnionr»'l nyiljnr ; in on^l 1 vear from 1903 to 1917 of two protolled cruisers and ono destrover. Now Z'vilnnd's public debt nt 31 cf March. 1910, amounted to £70,938534. the increase for the twelve months immediatelv preceding having been £4.484.637. Of this amount £1,200.000 was raised by way of public works. £1.048,800 under thb Advances to Settlers and Worker.* Act. and £1.000.000 under the Wellington and Mnnawatu Railway Ptircbn«!# Aet. £250.000 was raiserl under the T/vons to Local Rndie« Arib, and £211,495 under the Land for Settlements Act. Great Rritain's National Debt, on 31st March, 1909, stood at £754,121309, being a decrease of £5.704,742 bv comparison with th'» ficures for 'tihe year immecHiately premising. Against this were set down assets totalling £37.160,000, the principal item being the estimated market value of the Suez Canal shares owned by Great Britain (£32.000,000). AGE OF HORSES AS SKyWN «Y THETR TEETH. A foal of fax months has ax 1 crinders in each jaw, thr'ee on each side; also six nippers of front teeth, with a cavity in each. At the age of ono year, he loses t.b« first milk Grinders nhovo and below, 3ind front teeth havo their cavities filled up alike to teeth of horses of eight rears of age. At »Z» of two and a half to i three years, he casts his two front uppers, and in a short time after the (two next. At # age of four years, grinders are six upon each side, and a.t about four and n-half his nippers are all permanent ones, by the replacing of remaining two corner teeth: tushes then appear, and he is no longer a colt At fire a horse has tushes, and there is a black-coloured cavity in centre of *11 his lower nippers. At six this black cavity is obliterated in the two front lower nipper*. At seven the cavities of the next two are filled up and tushes blunted : and at eicht the cavities of the •fwo corner teeth are filled up. TTorsie mar now be said to bo aged. Oavitiefl in nippers of upper jaw are not obliterated until the horse is about ten years Old, after which tushes become l round, and nippers project and change their surface. TO ASCERTAIN WEIGHT OF CATTLE. Tak« the measurement of the frirth wher# it is smallest (close behind the shoulder) and the length of the animal front tie front of th« shoulder to th'« junction of the twil. Multiply thhs «o"are of the girth in feet and inches by tho lencth in feet, and multiply the product bv .23, .24, .26, .28, or .30, according to the fatness of the animal, and the result will give the weight in imperial stones. For instance. if the m'rth of an animal in moderate condit-ioin he 6ffc, the lenfrth sftr 4in. then 6 x 6—36 x 51-3—192 x .24—47.08 stones. The foregoing is the carcase wcigh't of the animal. The weight of the carcase would he about Jof the liVo weight for cattle: for sheep, from 1-3 to I: and for a pig, from \ to J the live weight.