NEWS BY THE SAN FRANCISCO MAIL.

Globe, Volume XXIII, Issue 2172, 10 February 1881, Page 3

NEWS BY THE SAN FRANCISCO MAIL.

[PHESB ASSOCIATION TBLBGBAJf.J AUCKLAND, February 9. Tho B.M.S. arrived this afternoon, having left Ban Franoiico on January 18th. She brings the following summary of news:— GREAT BRITAIN. In tho Queen's speeoh her Majesty saysTrade is gradually improving, and an abundant harvest has greatly deoreased the distress in Ireland, but I grieve to state that the sooial oondition of Ireland has assumed an alarming character, and agrarian crimes in general have multiplied. Attempts upon life have not grown in the same proportion for the same offences, but I must add that efforts are being made for personal protection far beyond all former precedent by the police under direction of the Executive. I have to notice other evils yet more widely spread. The adminittration of justioe has been threatened with respect to these offences. Through the impossibility of procuring evidence an extended system of terror has thus been established in various parts of the comntry, which has paralysed almost alike the exercise of private rights and the performance of civil duties. This state of things is new in some important respeots, and hence, with little available guidance from former precedents, I have deemed it right to put in use the ordinary powers of the law before making any further demand. But a demonstration of their insufficiency, amply supplied by the present circumstances of the country, leads me now to apprise you that proposals will be immediately submitted to you for intrusting me with additional powers, necessary in my judgment, not only for the vindication of order and public law, but likewise to secure on behalf of my subjects protection for life and property and personal liberty of action. I object to the primary and imperious obligations to whioh I have just referred. I oontlnue to desire not less than heretofore to prosecute the removal of grievances and the work of legislative improvement in Ireland as in Great Britain. The.lrish Land Aot of 1870 has been productive of great benefits, and has much contributed to the security and comparative well-being of oooupiers of the soil, without diminishing its value or disturbing the foundation of property. In some respects, however, and more particularly under the strain of a recent _and_ most calamitous year, the protection which it supplied has not been found sufficient either in Ulster or the other provinces. I recommend you to undertake further development of its principles in a manner conformable to the speoial wants of Ireland. Aa regards the relation of landlords and tenants, and with a view to effeotive efforts for giving to a large portion of the people by purohase a permanent proprietory interest in the soil, this legislation will require the removal, for the purposes in view, of all obstacles arising out of limitations on ownerships of property, with due provision for the security of the interests involved. A measure will be submitted to you for the establishment of a County Government in Ireland, founded upon representative principles, and framed with the double aim of abridging the unpopular control over expenditure and of supplying the yet more serious want of extending the formation of habits of local self-government. Her Majesty alluded to different matters of English domestic polioy whioh will be laid before Parliament, and concluded with benediction and commendation of her people to divine care. A dispatoh of the 15th inst. says the Farnellites had an open rupture in the House of Commons the night before the debate oame on. Mr Justin McCarthy, in a bitter speeoh, aoeused the Irish members of delaying tho remedial measures. Mr Parnell answered, charging Mr Gladstone with misrepresenting the Irish members. He said that he believed the Irish people would justify the shedding of their blood to secure their liberty if they saw a chance of suocess. He denied having encouraged an armed insurrection, because England was too strong. The Governmßre could not suppress the Land League, because if the leaders were imprisoned tho people would organise secret societies, and murder and outrage would be increased tenfold. If the Habeas Corpus Aot was suspended the arrest of the first man would be the signal for a general refusal to pay rents. Another despatch of the above date says the following is the outline of the Government Irish Land Bill, whioh may, however, undergo modification before presentment : —The surplus fund of the Irish Church , will be devoted, first, to the reclamation of wastelands; second, to assist migration from overcrowded districts ; third, according to a carefully drawn scheme, to assist emigration. The measure will also include " three f's," guarded by a restrictive provision necessary for tho practical working of the measure. With respect to the Coercion Bill, it is stated that the Government contemplates the creation of a Commission of two Judges, with power in certain cases to supersede the ordinary judicial tribunal. General disarmament will also be passed. Mrs Cross (George Eliot), the great authoress, died in London on December 22nd. Her death was quiet, almost painless. On tbe previous Sunday she was seized with a sudden chill, whioh attacked the larynx The attack, however, did not cause much alarm until the evening a few hours before she died, when the case was found to be hopeless. He remains were buried in High* gate cemetery on December 28th. In Ireland, since January Ist, the authorities are exerting themselves to maintain order and enforce the laws. Many persons are being arrested for " Boycotting," and " Bulldozing " people into joining the Land Leaguers, and other offences. Flying columns patrol disaffected districts, and troops and constabulary are being quietly concentrated where they can be called upon at short notice. The anti-land league sentiment is being fostered by the Government, and considerable progress has been made in the formation of an association to combat the leaguers. The Orangemen are particularly aotivo,and are making arrangements to take care of all persons suffering from Boycottism. The " London Times " says it is informed that the Pope has written a letter to the Bishop of Dublin, strongly condemning the method in which the agitation in Ireland is conducted, and that very emphatic instructions have been issued to the Catholic prelates, enjoining them to make a stand against the anarchial and Communist doctrines which have been preached and put in practioe. Commander Cheyne, of the Royal Navy, proposes to Lieutenant Schwatka to join in an International Polar Fxpedition. Schwatka will not probably join the movement, as an independent expedition is talked of from the United States to the North Pole by another route from the one followed, the command of whioh will be his if he wants it. The Post Office Department is ready to establish the telephone service throughout England, and has ordered 20,000 instruments for use. I

Gale, the pedestrian, broke down on December 28th, haying covered 2233 miles out of his proposed feat of 2500 miles in 1800 hours. At the beginning he walked one and a quarter miles erery half hour. The gross revenue of the United Kingdom for 1880 amounts to £83,210,390. All prisoners for debt in Scotland were released under an Act of Parliament on January Ist. Hanlan and Boss on January Ist issued a challenge to any two oarsmen in the world lor a double scull raoe for £SOO to £IOOO a side, the race to oome off early in the season.

By a railroad accident at Wakefield, Yorkshire, on January 16tb, seven persons were killed and from thirty to forty wounded. FRANCE. The municipal elections in Paris resulted in a Republican victory, the Communists suffering u complete defeat. In the supplemental elections in the municipalities throughout the country moderate Republicans were generally successful. SPAIN. Curafras hag boen declared quiet, and the restrictions havo been removed. The Free Trade party are working hard to obtain a modification of the tariff. SWITZERLAND. Anderwert, the President elect of the Swiss Confederation, committed suicide at Borne on December 15th, by shooting himself at a public promenade. The Netherlands Minister in Spain, was found dead in his bed in Madrid on January 2nd. GERMANY. The Jewish crusade still continues, especially in the larger towns, and notwithstanding that the respectable Press in almost unanimous against the feeling, many Jews of Berlin and other places are prepared to emigrate.

TURKEY. The old English banking firm of Hansen and Co., at Constantinople, has failed, liabilities 1,250.000d015. Heavy advances to the Porto are the cause of the suspension. Th o Al banian Le ague has summon ed all male s oyer eighteen years to arms in every northern district in Albania. The Albanians demand Dulcigno, and if Montenegro does not give it up, they propose to declare war. The financial administration of the Government is entirely in the hands of military men, and all the available resources of the country are devoted to warlike preparations.

JAPAN. Sixty-four lives were lost by the burning of a Japanese steamer In the Inland Sea on Deoember 12th. INDIA. Abdul Rahman, the Ameer of Afghanistan, is reported as being still doubtful if he can maintain himself without the aid of British troops. Kahan Agra, wio surrendered at Berot reoently, has been put to death. CHINA. Two steamers collided in Shanghai river, and a great number of Chinese were drowned. The Government are making desperate efforts to be prepared for the worst. Both parties of the Empire are united as to the advisability of being prepared to resist Russia's demands by force if pushed beyond the bounds of equity. Four new steamers ordered by the Chinese merchants for service between China and San Francisco will be ready next July, and in August a weekly line will be established between China and the United States. _ The Emperor has authorised the construction of 1200 miles of telegraph line in the province of Tientsin. THE TRANSVAAL. The insurgents' governing committee have issued a proclamation defending their actions and offering pardons to all opponents. They agree to retain their present office, also to admit a British Consul and to indemnify Great Britain for the expenditure in the Transvaal. The Boers lost 100 killed and wounded before Potohefstroom, whioh was defended for forty-eight hours by Major Clark and twenty-five men, who were compelled to surrender. The Cape authorities at last accounts were rapidly concentrating all their available forces in the Transvaal. Brand, the President of the Orange Free State, is reported to have said that the Boers under his circumspection would join the friendly Boers, but no confirmation of the rumor has been received. AMERICA. Copious rains have fallen in California, Oregon, and Washington, and the promise of the orops of all kinds, particularly wheat, is more than good. The Mormons are uneasy at the attitude of the President, and have organised a lobby at Washington to guard their interests. George C. Cannon, [their delegate to Congress, was refused his certificate of election by the Governor of the territory, on the ground that Cannon was a polygamist. Mark Twain, the famous humorist, has gone crazy. The population of the United States is unofficially given at 50,152,659. The House Committee on Post offices is preparing a Bill to appropriate £1,500,000 for carrying foreign mails on ocean routes during the coming year. The Australian line is to be inoluded in the subsidy if Congress passes the Bill. Postmaster-General Maonard favors the Bill, and President-elect General Garfield is thought to be favorably disposed towards it. The new Chinese treaties have bees received at Washington, and laid before the Senate. The main features of the two treaties were outlined by the previous monthly reports. The treaty affecting immigration is not as favorable to the Pacific Coast's interests as was anticipated, but under its provisions Congress can govern the influx of Chinese. People here hope put a stop to Coolie immigration as soon as the treaty is ratified. The new treaty between the United States and Japan provides for shipwrecked people. Jay Gould, the American railroad operator, last month, by the purohase of a lease, obtained control of 2489 miles of road, which makes him the controller of 9649 miles of railroad, employing hundreds of millions capital. Very cold weather is being experienced in the Mississippi River Valley and along the Atlantic seaboard. In the Southern States it was the coldest ever known, in some places 12 and 15 degrees below zero. Sarah Bernhardt is meeting with great sucoess in the Western Cities.

The British ship Lupetra was wrecked on Tillamook Rook, Washington Territory, and all hands perished. It is not known exactly when she struck, but a quantity of wreckage has been pioked up. During the first week in January, heavy avalanches of snow have fallen in the town of Alta, Utah, almost destroying the place and killing over twenty persons. The stage running between Fort Camming and Messila, New Mexico, was attacked by Indians on 11th January, and the driver and three passengers murdered. Moody and Sankey are still exhorting in San Francisco. The services are attended by large orowds. The County Poor House at Dover, New Hampshire, has been burned and thirteen inmates were burned to death.

The American barque If. M. Oarlow is loading at New York for Dunedin and Wellington, and will probably clear on January 18th. The Britiih barque Orient, for Lyttelton and Auckland, will probably clear on February Bth. At Boston, the Peruvian barque Fray Beutos is loading for Dunedin and Lyttelton, and will probably clear on January 11th. The Britiih barque Sarah Scott, for Adelaide and Dunedin, will probably clear on February 3rd. MEXICO. The Government have given the proposed ship railway across the Isthmus of Tohuantepec the right of way and 1,000,000 acres of land. Indians are raiding in the state of Chihuahua. On December 23rd they killed eleven persons. CANADA. The struggle in Parliament over the Canada Pacific railroad contract still continues, and the Opposition have been so bitter that a syndicate of foreign capitalists have been obliged to somewhat modify their original plan, but the essential details as to price are the same as heretofore telegraphed. The Toronto " Globe " of the 17th says:—" Since the formation of the new syndicate 10,000,000 dollars have been subscribed in England for the Canadian Paoifio railroad, and it is now certain that the whole amount of the capital for the construction of the road can be obtained. The plan has'been somewhat modified, owing to the hostility of the Opposition."