EMIGRATION IN 1873.

Globe, Volume II, Issue 189, 16 January 1875, Page 3

EMIGRATION IN 1873.

We have been kindly furnished by the Immigration Department with a summary of the statistics of the amount and particulars of emigration from the United Kingdom during the year 1873, taken from the report and returns issued by the Marine Department of the Board of Trade. The returns show that the emigration of 1873 (which amounted to 310,612 persons) was greater than that of any previous year since 1854. The number of emigrants embarked last year from each of the three divisions of the United Kingdom was :

emigrants are shown in the following short abstract

total children, 63,105. Previously to 1869 the number of Irish emigrants had been larger than the number of English. In each of the last five years, however, the English have much out-num-bered the Irish. The numbers last year were—

As regards the proportion of persons leaving the three divisions of the United Kingdom to the whole population of each division, the number of Irish emigrants is still much greater than that of English or Scotch. The proportion of emigrants to population in 1873 was—

The total emigration for the year exceeded that of 1872 by 15,399 persons. The excess was divided chiefly between the colonies in British North America and those in Australasia. About 5,000 more persons than in the previous year having gone to the North American colonies, and about 10,500 more to the Australian colonies. The large increase in the emigration to Australasia is no doubt attributable to the re opening of assisted emigration. Free and assisted passages, and easy terms of acquiring land, are now offered to the working classes by several of the Australian colonies. In 1873, 5,689 emigrants went to Queensland, against 2380 in 1872; 1544 to South Australia, against 281 in 1872; and 11,651 to New Zealand, against 6616 in 1872, The number of emigrants to the United States last year was about the same as in 1872. They formed 76 per cent of the whole emigration. Of the whole number of emigrants to the United States in 1873, the percentage according to nationality, was as follows :

The total number of ships despatched last year under the Passengers’ Acts was 685. These carried 28.264 passengers, and 62,461 persons in the crews, making in all a total of 345,102 persons. Four of these vessels have been reported as wrecked, in two cases without loss of life. In the other two cases, the Northfleet and the Atlantic (the former run down while at anchor in the Channel, and the other lost off Halifax, Nova Scotia), 761 of the passengers and 74 of the crew lost their lives. The proportion of lives so lost to the whole number of persons embarked was *24 per cent. Detention Money, 1873, The 49 th section of the Passengers’ Act of 1855 provides that if a ship is not ready to receive her passengers on the day named in the contract tickets, the owners, charterers, or master shall allow subsistence money at the rate of Is 6d per statute adult for each day’s detention for the first ten days, and afterwards at the rate of 3s a day until the ship is ready to receive them. Under this section, in the course of the past year, the following sums were recovered for emigrants by the emigration officers without resort to legal proceedings, viz.At £ s. d.

The amount of detention money paid at Cork was very large, and exceeded the amount paid in 1872 by £1373, This is in some measure explained by the fact of the emigration from that port having in 1873 exceeded by about 8700 persons that of the previous year. The reason of there being so much more detention money paid at Cork than at any other port, is that Cork is the principal port

of embarkation for Irish emigrants, and the agents in Ireland of the different lines of steamers calling th re often book more passengers than the vcwHs can accommodate. It sometimes happens, too, that a vessel, having embarked at her first port of departure as many, or nearly as many, passengers as she has accommodation for, does not call at Cork, but proceeds direct to her destination, The result is that a large number of emigrants are frequently collected at Cork when there is no vessel to receive them. In such cases the owners have to pay them detention money till they are provided with passages. It appears from the returns that in the 21 years ending 1873 there have left the United Kingdom for—

The proportion per cent of each nationality was—

foreign emigrants have rapidly increased, while the Irish have as rapidly fallen off. In the six years ending 1868 the Irish portion of the emigration was nearly equal to the English, Scotch, and foreign combined. But in the five years ending 1873 the English portion exceeded that of the Irish by 164,561. A corresponding increase has taken place in the emigration of foreigners. The number of foreign emigrants who have g?ne out in the last six years is more than treble the number of foreigners who emigrated in the previous six years. The foreign passengers for the most part went to the United States. The Scotch portion of the emigration, which in the four years ending 1861 have fallen off, has been of late years gradually increasing, and the total of the last six years is more than double the number that emigrated in the previous ten years. In the following statement the nationalities during the last five years are contrasted with those of the previous six years.

The following is a brief summary of the occupation, sex, and destination of the immigrants in 1873

The number of passenger ships despatched in 1873 was 665. The number of ships wrecked or destroyed at sea, 4, and the number of lives lost, 835, namely, the Northfleet run down by the Murillo whilst at anchor off Dungeness, 270 passengers and 23 crew ; the Surat wrecked on thecoast of New Zealand, no loss of life; the Atlantic wrecked off Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, 491 passengers, and 51 crew lost, and the City of Washington lost on Gull Rock bar, no lives kit.

SUBVIVOKS OF TRAFALGAR. The Times of the 21st of October (the anniversary of the battle of Traialgar) gives the following list of surviving officers who contributed to that great victory : —Admiral of the Fleet, Sir George Ross Sartorius, K.C.8., was midshipman of the Tonhant ; Admiral Robert Patton was midshipman in the Bellerophon ; Admiral William Walpole was midshipman of the Colossus ; Admiral Sir G. A. Westphal was master’s mate in the Victory—he was severely wounded in the head, and was laid in the cockpit by the side of his dying chief ; Admiral R. C. McCrea was midshipman of the Swiftsure; ViceAdmiral Joseph Gape was first-class volunteer in the Ajax ; Vice-Admiral Spencer Smyth was midshipman of the Defiance ; Deputy-Inspector of Hospitals, Peter Suther, was surgeon of the Swiftsure ; Captain John Geary was midshipman of the Revenge, and wounded ; Lieutenant-Colonel James Fynmore, R.M., was midshipman of the Africa ; Commander John H, Sanders was master’s mate in the Swiftsure ; Commander Francis Harris was midshipman in the Temeraire ; George Wharrie was midshipman in the Colossus ; and Commander William Vicary, arecipientof the Greenwich Hospital pension, was first-class volunteer in the Achilles.

From England .. ... 232.885 From Scotland .. ... 24,520 From Ireland ... 53,201 Total ... 310,612 The destination and nationalities of the

Destination. Nationalities. Total, English, Scotch. Irish, Foreigners Not Distinguished. The United States 78,968 12,226 75,536 61,320 5023 233,073 British North America... 19,435 6423 4184 7687 476 37,208 Australasia 18,814 2852 3491 1029 262 26,428 All other Places 6123 809 601 2162 4308 13,903 Total 123,343 21,310 83,692 72,198 10,069 310,612 In 1872 the totals were... 118,190 19,541 72,763 79,023 5696 295,213

There was an increase as compared with 1872, of English 6,153 Scotch 1,769 Irish 10,929 And a decrease of foreigners of 6,825 The percentage of emigrants of each nationality was, in 1873 — English 39-70 Scotch 6-84 Irish.,. 26-94 Foreigners ... 23-24 Not distinguished ... 3-24 The sex and description of the emigrants was, in 1878, as follows :— Men (married) 35,235 Women (married) 40,375 Men (single) 113,002 Women (single) 64,717 Children between 1 and 12 50,153 Infants 12,952 Not distinguished 4,178 Total men, 148,237 ; total women, 95,092.;

English ... 123,343 Irish ... 83,692 In 1872 they were— English ... 118,190 Irish ... 72,763

Irish 1-56 English ’52 ■Scotch ’62

English 33-88 per cent Scotch 5-24 JJ Irish , 3240 J) Foreigners , 26-31 )f Not distinguished... 2-16

Liverpool 35 12 6 Plymouth 31 11 6 Glasgow 77 3 3 Cork ... 4569 5 2 Londonderry... 7 9 0 £4721 1 5

Destination of Emigrants, 21 years. Nationalities of Emigrants, 21 Years, Total. English. Scotch. Irish. Foreigners Not distinguished. The United States 794,031 1:9,920 1,473,571 497,823 158.409 3,073,754 British North America ... 150,633 66,025 115,441 72,485 52,557 457,141 Australasia 398,977 103,111 182,657 16,573 30.800 732,118 All other places 59,931 10,639 11,166 17,251 46,305 145,292 Total 1,403,572 329.695 1,782,835 604,132 288,071 4,408,305

English ... 3183 Scotch ... 7-48 Irish ... 41-44 Foraigners ... 13-70 Not distinguished ... ... 6-53 In the last few years the English and

Nationalities. Per centage for 6 years ending 1868. Per centage for 5 years ending 1873. English 28-38 39-30 Scotch 6-71 7-68 Irish 47*19 2732 Foreigners 13-11 23*20 Not distinguished... 455 249

Occupations. United States. British North Amer’ca. Australasia. All other Places. Total. Males. Agricultural laborers, shepherds, gardeners. See 505 464 2598 62 3689 Blacksmiths and farriers ... 79 45 90 7 221 Boot and shoemakers 189 55 130 7 3«1 Bricklayers, masons, plasterers, and slaters... 2084 202 123 22 2431 Carpenters and joiners 2715 213 316 28 3272 Farmers ... 5293 1065 548 43 6949 Laborers, general ... ... 61,967 3623 1988 494 68,072 Mechanics 13.708 7756 183 93 21,810 4014 Miners 3379 65 508 62 Females. Domestic and farm servants 13,040 616 2670 231 16,557 Married women... ... 29,596 5324 3822 1633 40,375 Spinsters (so described in passengers’ list) ... 25,951 3106 231 26 29,314