The Gisborne Times PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING. GISBORNE, NOVEMBER 29, 1902. THE INDUSTRIAL SUPREMACY OF THE WORLD.

Gisborne Times, Volume VIII, Issue 583, 29 November 1902, Page 2

The Gisborne Times PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING. GISBORNE, NOVEMBER 29, 1902. THE INDUSTRIAL SUPREMACY OF THE WORLD.

i\il' Andrew Carnegie, on 22nd Octo:k_'! . on his installation as Lord Kcclor of St. Andrew's University, Scotland, delivered a very remarkable address on this subject. Coming from a man of affairs like him, possessed of the widest knowledge and experience 01 world-wide industries, and capable of taking a wide and philosophic view of all countries in relation to his subject his conclusions must carry weight. The views he has propounded are certainly of the deepest interest to the world, and ought to receive profound consideration. He set out by saying .(very modestly) that he thought lie might interest his hearers by considciing a subject now attracting wide attention —vim, the economic changes that had come and were impending, in the relative position and power of nations; since it had been necessary lor him during his business career to watch and study these and base action upon liicnn liritain’s realised wealth was still ’ unequalled. .Forty years ago, she led the world in industries, especially in regard Lo steam and steel as means of material development, u was Britain in the one scale, the world in the other, the world kicking the beam. Now, conditions are changed, or reversed. Capital ami skilled labor went now to where the caw material was, and there, more and more in the future, would be found the seat of the manufacturer. “ Another factor was clearly seen : the most patriotic people of every land considered it a duty to develop their resources by a system of bounties and protection.” Business methods had changed, and invention had revolutionised manufacturing. “'1 lie size of works had increased tenfold ; and instead of partnerships devoted to one process, all processes, from the mineral in the mine to the finished article, were combined in one.” And so rapidly did improvements follow one auotnec that almost constant reconstruction was going on. Hence, the old countries, and particularly Britain,the pioneer, had been disadvantaged. Amelica, with a clean slate to begin upon, v.as much favored. It used to he Biitain versus the world ; now, it promised soon to he America versus the world, it is so now as to the great steel industry. After a few preliminary general observations, lie opened mi, and dealt with the subject in all it's hearings, classifying liis observations under various heads : “ Considerations in the Race,” “ The Habits of the People,” Europe and America Contrasted,” “ A European Confederation,” “ The German Emperor,” and laftly ‘‘’Britain's Future Role." Under the first head, “ Considerations in the Race,” he began by saying that: “ in the race for the world’s trade between America, Germany, and Britain several considerations were important.” First, the most powerful weapon for conquering foreign markets was “a profitable home market.” "It might almost be taken as an axiom that the nation fortified ny the best home demand for any article would finally conquer the world’s trade in that article in neutral markets. 'they could afford to supply foreign markets 'without direct profit, or even at a loss wherever necessary. lie spoke from sad experience on this point—for during most of his life they had had to encounter Britain’s surplus in thenmarkets in times- of depression in Britain, to the great disadvantage of the home producer and the advantage of the British manufacturer. This position now in turn the United States occupied towards Britain and other manufacturing countries, since it had the greatest and most profitable home market, not only for steel, but for most articles,” (3) The population question was important, “ since increased members expanded the home market.” There were over 78 millions of people in the .States, and more than (10(1,000 immigrants came there from Europe this year. Her increase Was about three times that of the United Kingdom. Germany’s population was 50 millions, and she increased 51 millions last decade, while the increase of the United Kingdom was only something over -'U millions. Britain was thus at a serious disadvantage in the contest, because her home market could noL expand as rapidly as the American, or even the ■German. (3) Possession of raw materials, and of nntilled fertile soil, were important factors, because both people and capital were attracted thereby. Britain possessed valuable metals and minerals, and “ population might remain in excess of the food-supply, as with this favored island ; but permanently to maintain population beyond food .supply a nation must he able to supply needed articles to so much better advantage than the purchasing nations coul". produce or procure them, as to enable it to endure the disadvantage of tlie higher cost of food.” Leading nations were now rapidly supplying most of their wants within their own borders ; and it followed that exchange of articles between nations (foreign commerce) was not lo increase as rapidly as exchange of articles within nations (home commerce). Home commerce, he argued, was doubly profitable, especially in regard to machinery, because machinery, sold at home, developed home resources continually, while machinery exported to foreign countries only increased foreign products, and gave the manufacturers met cl y tiie profit, if any, on the machinery sold. " The relative impoitajice of the two markets was often lost sight of.” “America consumed tin per cent, of all her manufactured articles ; only four per cent, went to foreign markets. Even Britain s home market took four-fifths of her manufactures; only one-fifth went abroad. Politicians gave far too much attention to distant, foreign markets, which could never amount lo much, and far too little to measures for improving conditions at home, which would increase the infinitely more important home market. Ii the people- of the United Kingdom could spend even £1 per head more per year home commerce would be increased more than the total value of Iter exports to all of Australasia, British North America, and China combined. Truly, foreign commerce was a braggart always in evidence, home commerce the true king.” This appears verv like a vigorous condemnation ot Great Britain’s expansion policy—our imperialism ; and a recommendation by a man who knows what be speaks of to attend better to the needs of our Home population, and she jaiptuve-

meat of their condition, than to (he enrichment of a few by foreign trade, with all the risk.', and the huge to.'t. imposed upon our people to prevent otner nations grabbing that trade. Vcrilv, Sir Carnegie shows himself to be a”true patriot, as well as a dearsighted Scotchman ; and we shall follow this article with others with_ the ob ect of placing his views more fully Ichiro our readers.

A special display of 'Xmas novelties is announced m this issue by Messrs C. Rosie and Co., who have .-pared no pains to make their Xnms show this season more attractive than ever, Mr tV. Douglas Lysnar requires a working manager for his Makaroii station. A Gisborne Pound notice appears in our advertising columns.

East Cape wired yesterday:—“ N.W. fresh breeze, blue sky, moderate tides, good sea."

The Feilding local bakers have raised the price of bread to -Id the 2ib loaf, owing to the increase in the price of ilour.

The Postmaster-General’s Department advises that Bombay notities that the cable between Zanzibar and Mombassa is interrupted.

Captain Edwin wired at 12.011 yesterday 11 Gale after 1(3 hours from now from be tween north and west and south-west glass fall, indications rain, tides good.”

Much attention lias been attracted by a grand asssortment of framed pictures in Messis Adair Bros.’ show window. The beautiful pictures are specially suited for Christmas trade.

Mr Andrew Graham, accountant, land and commission agent, has removed t,o offices situated over Messrs Dalrymple’s ironmongery establishment, the entrance being along the passage by Mr Townloy’s furnishing warehouse.

A Wanganui telegram states that it is rumored that District Judge Kettle is to be relieved of his magisterial licensing work, and his duties confined to the District Court, with jurisdiction in Napier and Palmerston, as well us on that coast.

Yesterday Detcctivo Nixon arrested Robert Leslie at Makaraka on a charge of causing grievous bodily harm to Jeremiah McSwccncy. The charge arises out of the affray at Plunnui road camp. Accused will ho brought before tho Court to-day.

In St. Andrew’s Church tomorrow morning, tho subject of Mr Paterson’s sermon will ho “ Looking oil unto Jesus,” and in the evening a lecture will be given on “That Light, l’eathorhoaded, Brisk Young Man Called Ignorance, Who Came from the Town of Self Conceit.”

Yesterday u light N.W. wind was blowing off Cape Maria; Auckland reported S.W. breeze; Napier, S.W.; New Plymouth, W.S.W.; Wellington, N., cloudy; Christchurch, N., blue sky; Dunedin, N., overcast; Invercargill, N.W., blue sky. The sea was heavy off Capo Mario, Wanganui, and Capo Campbell, and rough off Tauranga. The block tests of fat cattle exhibited at tho Manuwatu A. and P. Show placo D. I’. Buchanan’s Hereford bullocks first and fourth, Mcllardy Bros.’ Shorthorns second and third. Judged alive in the pens at ihe’Show tho latter exhibits were placed first and second. The judge particularly commends tho quality of tho Hereford beef.

At Waiioa Sir William Russell polled 216 votes against Mr Isitt’s 90 ; at Frasertown 66 against 28 ; at Muliia 19 to 4; at Maruuiuru oi to 2, At Morere there was a dead heat, each scoring 81. At Hastings, supposed to bo Sir William Russell’s stronghold, Mr Isitt scored 455 as against 850. The voting at Tongoio was Russell 5, Isitt 4, and at Havelock 145 to 88.

A Napier correspondent writes:—“A curious discovery has been made in respect to tho proposed borough loan. All proceedings in connection with the taking of a poll on the subject have followed the lines laid down in tho Local Bodies Loans Act of 1900, whereas they should have complied with an Act passed last session which como into force on October Ist. Therefore tho whole of the proceedings are void, and a fresh start will have to be made. Tho question is who is responsible for this blunder '!

It has been suggested in various parts of tho district that as there is no prospect of the Wairoa Dairy Factory commencing operations this season, that the company erect creameries at Turiroa and Frasertown at once, purchase a motor-car, and run the cream out daily to the Nuhaka Dairy Factory. Tho creameries would cost about £OOO each, and the motor-car about £6OO, which the dairy company would be able to utilise after the factory was erected in Wairoa for bringing in cream from the various centres. —Wairoa Guardian.

A painful accident is reported from Te Arai. On Thursday Mr Nichols being at the saleyards, his wife, desiring to help him with his work, went to drive a newlycalved cow to tbo bail. The animal rushed her, knocked her down, and trampled upon her, ulso goring her severoly in tho back and under the arm. Soveral ribs wore broken, and the shock to the lady’s system was severe. Miss Nichols, who witnessed tho accident, bravely went to her mother’s assistance and endeavored to drive tho cow off, but failed to do so until the calf moving away attracted the infuriated animal’s attention. Under Dr. Colo’s earo the patient is progressing favorably. The following information which appeared in our cables is confirmed by the Telograph Department: The Pacific Cable Board advises that Sells directory of registered telegraphic addresses contains a very large number of addresses registered in Great Britain by the Post-office. Tho Atlantic companies will deliver all telegrams addressed to any code addresses which appears in Sells, as well as to any persons whose address is registered with them. The companies register free, aud persons whose correspondents' addresses do not appear in Sells or are not registered in any Atlantic company are advised to request their correspondents to register with one or other Atlantic company.

A New Zealand laly writes from Johannesburg :—Notwithstanding the cost of living there appears to be no stint of money in tbo Golden City, if one may judge from the abundance of free-wheels, motor cycles, and motor cars, and, above all, from the expensive dressing of the ladies. Tho perfect blue of tho-sky and the glorious sunshine seem to call for gay colors, delicate laces and elaborate millinery. Johannesburg has been called “ the'second Paris,” and with its tempting shops and smartly-dressed women, it deserves the name. Though, even since my arrival, increased competition has caused an appreciable reduction in prices, ladies still find it economical to order largely from London, whilst the "smart” set order directly from Paris. For everyday washing silks hold first place, being cool and easy to “ get up ” —a matter of importance where the Dutch women charge from 5s a dozen for underclothing, and don't give too muc-h satisfaction at that. For washing, starching, and ironing a man's white shirt thev charge Is Cd 1

In view ol Mr George Fisher's return for Wellington City, it is interesting to note Mr Fisher's prediction, made at the only meeting which he addressed during the" contest. He declared that “he had made himself a poor man in the public service of the people, and that fact was recognised by the people ; and so long as George Fisher bad two legs to walk upon, there would be a seat for him in Parliament. Whether they elected him or not did not really matter —there was a seat for him in the House of Commons if he wanted it ! But since the people of Wel-

lington had been so good to him he would not desert them.” According to the New Zealand Times, on Tuesday “ the figure which riveted most attention was George Fisher (“ the People's George ”). Whereever one went one saw the familiar belltopper lifted in salutation. At each booth Mr Fisher rose gravely, and called for three cheers for himself, and was rarely denied. Once or twice he essayed to speak, and always received an attentive hearing. When he had done, Mrs Fisher, who accompanied him, had her say, and away they drove again."

Many readers of the Klmcamile disaster news got hold of an idea, thatthe alleged rushiuc of boats was by Australians, not Austrians, as printed Tnere has been at least one bout of fisticuffs between a New Zealander and a Cornstalk over the mistake.

The secretary of the llawke's Bay Cricket Association has received a telegram from the secretaty of the New Zealand Cricket Council, at Christchurch, stating that Lord Hawke's team will play in Napier on the ieiih, 13th, and loth of January.

At the Wesley Church 01. Sunday the Kev. 13. L. liuUnveli's subjects will be : Morning, " Keligion that will stand the tes. at home " ; evening, “A Grasp at the Mantle oi' a Muderu Elijah.” A briet evangelistic sketch of the me and work ot the lute Lev. l’nce Hughes.

Ti-e Taranaki News states .--The .splendid victory of Mr Sytnes for Falea, is one we quite expected. Mr Jiyines is so straight, out-spoken, and fair, never indulging in personalties, that the longer the election lasts the stronger his chances become. Although iiis opponent has proved an able candidate, _we could never imagine the people of that electorate suppot ting sueli a complete outsider as Mr Uaseklen, and we are really surprised he polled so well.

A meeting of the Finance Committee of the Cook County Council was held yesterday afternoon, and the financial position of the Council was gone into carefully. It was recognised that the position was such that the greatest care must he exercised in regard to expenditure, but a confident, belief was expressed that by steadily plodding on and making the best oi things, there was good reason to hope that gradually the finances could lie placed on a sound basis, and at the same time a fair amount of good wort: be done.

The Wairoa Guardian thus bids adieu to Mr Carroll after nine years’ service : -

•• lu parting with him we desire to express, on behalf of the people of this district, an appreciation of those services. We aro sensible that the lion. J. Carroll has not carried out all he promised, or all lie desired to achieve on our behalf. But we freely grant tliac ho has done his utmostto further tho interests of this district, and, had ho the power, very much moro might havo been done. We aro not proposing to enumerate all that tho Hon. J. Carroll has dono for Wairoa, but people of all shades of political opinion must admit that since he becamo a representative of tho East Coast, the district from Napier to tho Bay oi' Plenty has had attention drawn to it as one of tho most fertile, and yet most neglected, districts in the colony. This has been so admitted in the House and on tho platform, and tho collective wisdom assembled annually in Wellington has at last awakened to these facts, a measure of justice has been meted out, and a further instalment must iollow ere long, or tho Hon. J. Carroll is not the man we take him to be. Therefore, we say “ not adieu, but au rovoir and, if he continues to represent Waiapu, we feel sure he will keep a warm placo in his heart for his birthplace, and continue to give us his help, though politically severed from our district. In this, he will havo warm supporters in Sir William Bussell and Mr A. L. 1). Fraser.

Wesley Church .Services.—To-morrow (Sunday).—ll a.in., Kev. B. F. Kolliwell ; 7 p.m., Kev. B. F. Kothwell ; Evangelist ie service; Anniversary llymns repeated.

St. Andrew's Church Services.-—To-morrow (Sunday).—Morning subject, “Looking Off Unto -Jesus ” ; evening, “Light Feather-headed Brisk Young Man called Ignorance, who came from Ihe town of Self-conceit. Kev. J, G. Paterson. Holy Trinity Church Services. -Tomorrow, Ist Simdav in Advent, St Andrew’s Day : 8 a- ill., Holy Communion ; 11 a.in., Morning Prayer and l-loly Communion ; 7 p.m., Evening Prayer.—Kev. W. Welsh. Roman Catholic Church Services. — To-morrow (Sunday).—Gisborne, Mass 8 and 11 a.m., Vespers 7 p.m.; Tc Karaka, U a.m. ; Ormond, 11 a.m,— Rev. T. Mulvihill.