THE SAN FRANCISCO MAIL.

Evening Star, Issue 4297, 4 December 1876, Page 1

THE SAN FRANCISCO MAIL.

I lock-out of 80,000 Lancashire spinners t “ r ® aten ed, in consequence of the re* tusai of the Association to be bound bv ext J? 116 Fox has written: to the runes defending the Provinoialists in Idle Abolition the The trial of the directors implicated in the bank frauds m Russia caused great excitement. Seventeen directors were charged with presenting ficticious balance sheets and lending Strbusberg a million roubles without efficient security. The Italian elections resulted ii the return hLderat^ >rogP6SSi<>ni3tS - tweii< y' ei «kt , 9“ the l*Bth. October the feeling in Eojz l land that war was inevitable had been worked up to a pitch of intense excitement. At noon that day the London Stock Exchange was greatly excited. Russian securities nearly 20 within a,urepk. r I’te, commercial and financial crisis -• in Russia and consequent heavy fell in Russian exchange adds to the confusion. ' The * Standard’s ’ Berlin correspondent wrote on the 13th October“ There are now assembled at Livonia* Russia, Osar. Prince Gortchakoff, the Commander of the Black Sea Squadron, Ministers of War and Finance, and,: Czarewitch. Russian residents m Austria and Germany who are liable to serve Tn the .army have been ordered home.- - The Black' Sea Squadron is ready to carry 96,000 men from northern and westeni snores of the A detachment of officers ,“? A beejx sent to equip Jbhese vessels. The Persian Government has been - asked-by Russia to co-operate. Persia, iu obedience, is sending troops to the 'lurkish frontier. The reserve is being called out in some of the western provinces of Russia. Troops have been moved towards the northern and eastern frontier of Galicia in Austria. 20,000 horses have been placed on a war footing in Russian Poland. The measures are believed to be intended to force _ Austria and Turkey to concede the independence of the Southern Sla. vonians without war. Odessa is filled with Russian troops, and numbers of, transports are preparing to enter Circassian harbors. The Government has ordered the ‘-detention of the vessels of the Russian Steam Navigation Company, cargoed at Odessa- for London, at the moment of .sailing. Londdn correspondents at different points have telegraphed as follows “ The new Russian ironclad, Peter the Great, is to leave Cttmstadt immediately for the Mediterranean. Russia has issued a circular note, announcing that, in the. interests of humanity, she feels bound to march troops into Bulgaria and Armenia. There are 82,000 men at the camp of Bender, and 64,000 around Tiflis. Austrian Eastern policy will conform to that of Hussia and Germany. Confidence was afterwards partially restored. On the 28th October the Servians suffered a crushing defeat at Bjunis. Their aimy was divided in half by the Turkish forces, and completely demoralised. The ‘Standards ’ special despatch from Belgrade reports that the Turks captured ten camion and a large quantity of muskets aud ammunition, in the last battle at Djums. The despatch does not single the artillery as most prominent in the defection on that occasion, but states that the Servian army, which was reduced to such condition that the men were hardly able to crawl, openly declared that it would fight no longer, and abandoned its position en masse. Tchernayeff telegraped to Prince Milan, implonnghimto come and prevent the army from crumbling entirely. The Prince conferred with Kareizoff. It was impossible to to make a stand at Jupriza, at Deligrad, Banja, or Paraxin, and along the road* the wildest confusion prevailed. The wounded, the waggons, staff, and .deserters are Tm-roit up mau indescribable mass. Circassians have appeared before Banja. The consternation throughout Servia was tremendous. A special despatch to the * Daily News ’ from Parabagon, says Tchernayeff hadhad au interview with , Prince Milan. It is reported the Prince expressed a desire to abdicate. Servia made a strong appeal to Russia, in consequence of which a demand for an armistice, at the peril of a rapture of the relations between Turkey and Russia, was demanded. The Imperial Parliament of the German Empire was opened. The Emperor in his speech says Germany’s for&gn relations, notwithstanding the difficulties of the present political situation, are in full accordance with European . pacific policy. His constant endeavor is to preserve friendly relations with all Powers, especially with those connected with Germany by ties of neighborhood and history; and so far as peace may I be encouraged amonst such, to preserve it by friendly mediation. Whatever future may have in store Germany may teat assured that the blood of her. sous will be sacrified or risked only for the protection of her own honor and interests. His speech caused dissatisfaction in France and Eng--1 land. The ‘ i'imes ’ Belgiade despatch says: “ Germany’s attitude is not understood by the diplomatist. Bismarck is supposed to be biding his time, with the view of assisting, if opportunity affords, in the disruption of the Austrian Empire. An armistice for two months was agreed to, and did not come a day too soon for the Servians and for the comparatively few Russians in the Servian army. Of these latter it is Said that onethird of the rank and file have been killed or wounded, and one-half of the officers. These were .men whose physical and moral influence kept the Servians up to something like a respectable appearance of fighting.” * It is reported that the Mohammedans were becoming aroused all through Asia and beginning to consider- the contest a religious war, and that the followers of the Koran ! were disposed to keep up the quarrel and | fight against Europe. The ‘Times’ despatch of the 7th says • “ Russia tried to raise difficulties in regird 1 to the line of demarcation daring the amistice, proposing the arrangement by which Turks should retire from Morava Valley. Except Germany, which would not interfere! aU Powers are. appointing a Commissioner for drawing a line of demarcation.”

The ‘.New York .Herald’ continues a special from London, which says the feeling that Russia is determined to force on war is daily gaining ground there, and people who began to console themselves with the hope that the dreaded struggle would be postponed, at least for the winter, are losing heart again, and making up their minds that the worst is to come. It is noted by wellinformed people that Russian demands be come more emboldened at every stage of the negotiations. As soon as the Forte yielded one point, another still more humiliating was laid down, and the conviction gradually forced itself upon the public mind that the time will soon come when such conditions will be proposed as the Porte must peremptorily reject. Then the solution of the Eastern question will naturally be left to the sword, and Turkey must fight for her existence. The action of Russia is said to be attributable to the fact that the Government of the Czar has found it necessary to yield to the general sentiment of the Russian people for war, a feeling which has become so intense that the authorities cannot longer restrain it.

The following interesting particulars of the Polar Expedition are to hand by telefraph. The Alert and Discovery left Port oulke July 29, 1875 ; entered ice off Cape Sable, and, after a continuous struggle, reached the north side of Lady Franklin Bay. Here the Discovery was left in winter quarters, and the Alert pushed on and reached the limit of navigation on the shore of the Polar Sea. The ice varied in thickness, being in some places 150 ft deep. President Land does not exist. The Alert wintered in latitude 82.28. At this point the eun was invisible 142 days, and the temperature lowest ever recorded. A detachment with sledges was despatched northward, and in about seventy days reached latitude 82.20. Another party rounded Cape Columbia, the north-west point of America, and traced 220 miles westward from Greenland, and also explored far to the eastward. These sledge parties met with no game, and suffered from scurvy. Hans Petersen, from frost-bite, John Horff (of the Alert), and James Hans and Charles Paul (of the Discovery) died on the sledge expeditions. No Esquimaux were seen, nor icebergs met with, beyond Cape Union. The Expedition encountered great difficulties in returning. The Alert’s rudder bolt was damaged. The lowest temperature during winter was 100 degrees below freezing point. On the sledge journey ice was so rugged that it was only possible to advance a mile a-day. During the winter, rich collections in the department of Natural History were made, and many valuable scientific observations taken. Excellent coal was found near the place where the Discovery wintered. The sledge expedition experienced the coldest weather, the temperature being 59 below zero for a fortnight, and falling to 101 below freezing point. The Pandora, when spoken by the Alert, reported her screw slightly disabled. The health of the crew, with the exceptions mentioned, has been good. Frost bites were severe, but nothing dangerous. Peterson, interpreter, died in forty days after both feet had been amputated. All the members of the expedition declared it impossible to get nearer to the Pole than their Northern exploring party, which penetrated to within 400 miles of it. On the return from the sledge journey, the men were in a very helpless condition, and it was necessary to draw some on the sledge. The planking of the Alert was damaged by ice. Members of the Expedition telegraphed to the ‘Daily News’that the northernmost land reached was in latitude 83.07. After that there was ice. The point farthest west was in longitude 85. Lady Franklyn Strait is really a bay. Peterman Fiord was closed in by glaciers. The northernmost land in Greenland was in latitude 83,57. Captain Nares, commander of the expedition, sent a telegram to the Admiralty containing the following additional particulars :—Polaris Sea is never navigable. Ordinary ice averaged Bft in thickness. Animal life and northerly migration of birds end at South Cape Columbia. Memorial tablet was erected to Captain Hall, of Polaris Expedition, at Polaris Bay. Esquimaux traces cease on west shore in longitude 81.52, Whence they cross to Greenland, The impracticability of reaching the North Pole is proved. All neighboring lands were examined.”

A Belgrade despatch to the 1 Times’ says : —“ It is reported that General Tchemayeff ■will aojoiti'U in Russia during the armistice. Russian officers express the belief that thousands of RusS&DS have been killed in the Valley of the Morava alone. They openly accuse the Servians 6( fcjyonetting Russians who attempted, revolver la hand, to urge them to attack the Turks. v Thg ‘Standard’s ’ Belgrade correspondent reports that some wounded Russian officers have been robbed and hacked to pieces by men appointed to carry them to the rear. A special to the ‘Standard’ from the capital of Bosnia reports that the residence of the Austrian consul in that town was set on fire by the Turks, and that troops who were summoned to extinguish the flames, plundered the house. Montenegro has accepted an armistice on the same terms as Servia,

The Duke De Gazes, Minister of Foreign Affairs, France, said that the essential interests of France were not involved in the Eastern question. The country needed peace, and if its best endeavors to maintain the peace of Europe failed, they were sure of being able to maintain it for themselves. Previous to the armistice, the Servian population in the vicinity of the seat of war underwent terrible hardships. The Belgrade correspondent of the ‘Times’ fltates that in the country between Paraxin and Belgrade, and in the mountains near Saibchar, there are 11,000 women and children almost literally starving. The Montenegrins have cut Mukhtar Pasha’s communication with Trebinje, and reinvested Nisk,

Great distress prevails in Montenegro, not' ■withstanding its military success, because of the necessity of maintaining large numbers of refugees. It is reported that there are ' 11,000 houseless refugees dying of starvation in the mountains around Deligrade. The Marquis of Hartington, leader of the Liberals, has returned to London from Turkey. He spoke at a private meeting; of liberals, and advocated the immediate convocation of Parliament, The Marquis indicated his intention to oppose the policy'’ of the Government,, and support a modified autonomy in the Christian provinces of Turkey.

Advices from Tiflis state that the Turkish Consul-General and wife were assassinated by robbers. Russia is making every effort to discover the murderers.

The troop-ship Himalaya is preparing to take six companies of Royal Engineers and two companies of Transport Corps to join the British Mediterranean fleet. The order was given some days ago, when the aspect of affairs was more threatening than now. Religious agitation is beginning in Morocco, with the object of procuring help for Turkey. The Christians apprehend a Moslem outbreak. The foreign Consuls have communicated with their Governments <on the subject. The Liberal newspapers of Berlin are almost unanimous in vigorous declaration against the establishment of Russian power in-the Turkish Provinces. The ‘Volks igfcjtung ’ urges the propriety of placing

reforms under English instead of Russiap control. A despatch to the * Times ’ from Berlin yesterday says :—“ There is reason to believe that Russia, being herself averse to war, is endeavoring to induce Greece and Roumania to take the field. They, however, hesitate.” The Russian ironclad squadron will winter in Italian waters, to be ready to proceed to the East if necessary.

The * Times ’ announces that General Schouvaloff, at the express desire of the Czar, has declared to Lord Beaconsfield that the Russian Government utterly repudiates the recent offensive articles in the Golos newspaper. A conspiracy has been discovered to depose the Turkish Reforming Government and assassinate the Grand Vizier and Midhat Pasha. Several arrests have been made. The Servians attribute their disaster to the incompetence of General Tchernayeff. Mr Baring, Secretary of the British Legation, is reported to have resolved to leave Phillipopolis, convinced that the Commission for the punishment of the perpetrators of the Bulgarian atrocities is a delusion and a mockery. The worst criminals are rewarded, and humane and moderate men are in disgrace. The old panic is renewed, and most trustworthy gentlemen have travelled with the utmost speed to Constantinople to inform the British Ambassador that the Turks threaten a new massacre, and had even appointed a day for beginning slaughter. The Alexandra Palace Company, London, have filed a petition of insolvency. An Indian newspaper—the ‘ Pioneer ’ — sums up the prospect as to a famine in Bombay as follows :—“There is famine in Seetapore, extreme dearth in Poonah, and great scarcity in six other districts. All these districts will yield only a portion of their ordinary revenue. It is hoped the distress may be relieved at a sixth of the cost of the Bengal famine.” A man-of-war, the Nelson, of 7,000 tons displacement, 6,000 horse-powor, and 20 guns, has been launched at Glasgow, Nearly every bishop to whom invitations to attend the Pan-Anglican Synod had been addressed has either accepted or replied. Some of the most influential American bishops hare stipulated that if they attend all subjects of interest and importance shall be perfectly free and open to discussion. The Synod will be probably much occupied with matters affecting the Episcopalian Church in A merica.

Slade, spiritualist, exposed by Dr Lankester in London, was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment under the Vagrant Act.

Ten thousand Spanish pilgrims visited the Pope. The pilgrimage was accompanied by a Carlist demonstration. The Spanish Government has issued a circular forbidding Protestant worship outside churches, insisting that all Protestant schools must be under Spanish schoolmasters. The Liberal organ has been suppressed for publishing an article written by Signor Castellar. The Liberals are now greatly oppressed by the Government and arrogance of the priests. The * Standard’s ’ Paris special reports a duel fought in Swiss territory, between Vicomte Baron el Des Roches and Paul Gerald. The latter was pierced by his antagonist’s sword, and his life was in danger. The allair is the result of apolitical quarrel. Advices from Cape Coast Castle to October 5 announce that Dahomiaus are threatening Grand Pope. They have taken two adjacent villages, killing all the men, and carrying off eighty women and children. The f Home .News,’ of October 19th, gives the following summary of the Eastrra question at that time :—“How serious the situation is considered by the English Government may be judged from the facts that a special Cabinet Council has been summoned for this afternoon ; that the Government has called upon Lloyd’s to supply instantly a list of steamers capable of carrying troops, also contingent contracts for hire ; that Lord Napier, of Magdala, has been told to hold himself in readiness to proceed to Egypt; that three army corps are being got ready to despatch to Meditteranean; and that special plans for the defence of Constantinople, proposed by engineers, have been forwarded to the fleet in Bessica Bay. A great change has come over English opinion since the attitude of Russia as arch agitator of Servia has become apparent. The party of “Demonstrationists” against the policy of Government are gradually ceasing. The * Times ’ has completely changed its tone towards the Government, and condemns Gladstone. There are rumors of an alliance between Russia and Italy. There was a great panic on the Stock Exchange in the middle of October, when Russian stocks fell 20 per cent. Feeling was easier at latest date.

The ‘ Times ’ has a favorable leader on Hsw Zealand affairs, but compares the Colonial debt unfavorably with that of other Colonies. It concludes, “ They are trying a hazardous experiment, and we trust that they are not too rashly discounting the value of reproductive works, which the next generation may still find a charge upon the Colonial exchequer.

AMERICA, The American Presidential election causes great excitement, and the result is likely to be very close. The ‘Alta,’of Sth November, calculates the probable votes—Tilden, 194; Hayes, 175. Some American journals express confidence in Hayes’s return. The elections have gone off quietly everywhere, except in South Carolina. The ‘New York Tribune,’ of Sth November, says that the news thus far received makes the result Democratic by 18 of a majority, but the return is incomplete, and later information may increase this, or give it to the Republicans by a small majority. Brigham Young is reported dead. The report wants confirmation. Sitting Bull has had the impudence to ask permisson for his warriors to visit the Peek agency, and trade for ammunition. Raids are looked for from mountains at head of Saville. A great medical controversy has taken place in San Francisco. The allopatbists tried hard to get the homoeopathic and others under their supervision by law ; but they have been unsuccessful. The effects of Chinese immigration still presents a great social problem. It is extensively discussed by American journals. Tire Pacific Mail Company’s steamer Colima is detained by the Marshall at Now York for non-payment of taxes. The company will contest the seizure, as they claim w> hsve paid the rates in San Francisco, Monsieur BJanc, a blind musician, murdered his wife, a talcptgd actress, through jealousy. 5 It is estimated that New York spent half a million of dollars in carrying on the Presidential contest in other States. Cortina has returned to Rio Grande, and threatens to involve Mexico in war with the United States Protestantism for supremacy in Mexico, WEST INDIES. Great prostration of general business is still experienced in Jamaica, in consequence of the commercial panic. Confidence is being restored. The trial of Barhadocs rioters commenced before Judge Phillips, the judge from Natal, sent by the Colonial Office, 1

Governor Hennessy is so unpopular that he was hissed-in the streets as he passed in his carriage. At the islands of St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, and Anguilla much damage done by gale. At the former places several vessels were stranded. Great havoc reported, especially in the French quarter, as many as 216 houses being destroyed in that part alone. Much distress prevails among poor of these islands. At St. Bartholomew forty houses were blown down and destroyed, and about sixty persons injured.