THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Dominion, Volume 12, Issue 192, 9 May 1919, Page 7

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

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DRASTIC CONDITIONS

EX-KAISER PUBLICLY ARRAIGNED ;J:WHAT-GERMANY MUST PAY • : ii-lv'.s •• ■ ■■.:■' By Telegraph—Press Association—Copyright • ' ' -• ■-••■■' The-ofSoial summary of > the Peace Treaty ie as follows:—■ ' ; 7 ■...'■■.;■ ■...■■ ..■;■ i The preamble/ which , recites'shortly the origin of the war andthe application of the.Germans for an armistice, enumerates the high contracting parties, ■ .represented by the five Great Powers:— ', ;The'lJnited Statesof America, the British Empire, France,-" Italy, and Japan,' ■ •';' Together with Belgium, Bolivio, Brazil; China, Cuba, Ecuador, Greece, ■;■'■,; ',;■'..'■. ; Guatemala, Haiti,' The Hejae, Honduras,' Liberia, Nicaragua, Pana- , •• '; ';,';-■■ inai'Peru, Poland, .Portugal, Buinania, Serbia, Siam, CzechorSlo ,'. ~'.'"; vakia, and , Uruguay,.on the one hand, ; : :■• And Germany on "the other.-; ",; .:".'' The plempotenlaries' , representing these Powers are enumerated, "who, hav- ■" ing communicated their full powers, bound in : good and true form, have agreed as follows:—From.(the-coming into force of the:present'treaty the etato of war willterminate from that moment; and.subjeofto provisions of this treaty, official relations-, with -Germany, and with'each of the German States will be resumed bythe,Allied.and Associated Powers."- ■'■'.'■ ■ ) - SECTION I.»TBESimOFNATIONS . ■•" Members of the-League will be signatories of the Covenant, and other States are" invited to accede, 1 who. must lodge a declaration of accession, without reserva- \ tion, within two'■ months.' Any State, dominion, or colony may be admitted, ' provided'-ite .admission .is agreed to by two-thirds of the Assembly. 'A. State may withdraw, upon giving two years' notice, if it has fulfilled all its international obligations. ;>•■".-.-" ■' ' /•:■ ~.'"■/ A,permanent Secretariat will be established at the seat of the\ league, which ; will be Geneva. ',"■>- ~; . . ~ . ~ ■'' _■ The' Assembly will :oonsist- of ..representatives of members of the League, and will meet at stated intervals. "Voting will be , by States. Baoh member will ybare. one vote, arid not more than .three representatives. ''■' : '7.:-:\:-;''.:-[Jc;'^j :: ; ;■,. ■ ■.■. ■."■■ The Council will consist of the ; representatives of the five great Allied Pow.ers, together mth the representatives of four other menibets, selected by the Aβ- : sembly from time to time.', It, may admit additional States, and will meet at least once a year. " Members hot represented -will be invited to send a representative when questions affecting -their interests ate'to be discussed. Voting will ' be by States, and oach State will have one vote and not more than one representative.' . ' {. : . •■ v . ■■• .- ■ ■ ' v-, •■, The decisions taken- by the Assembly and the Counoil must his unanimous, in regard to procedure and in certain oasea specified in the Covenant.and in the Treaty, where the decisions will be by majority- ■•'■ ; : ARMAMENTS ANDTRCTENTION OF WAR The Oqunoil will formulate plans for the redaction of armaments for cpnSideration and adoption. These plans will be revised every ten years. Once they are adopted no, member must exceed the armaments fixed without the concurrence of l the Counoil, and all members will exchange- full information as to armaments, and.programmes; and the-Permanent Commission will advise the Counoil.onmllitery^and-.navaLquestions.;. : „,,,,,.-..;. .. ~;"';, ,'„• . ■ ; •" Upon 'any war or/ threat of.war the' Counoil '.will' meet -to, consider'what. ■" common action shajl be taken. The mombere are pledged to submit matters in dispute to arbitTahon or incmiry, and tot to resort to war until three months alter an.award is given. \ The members agree to carry out an arbitral award, and not to go to war with any party to the dispute wMcn complies with it. If a. member.fails to carry out the award, the Council will propose the necessary measures. ■ - ' .•-.- ' The,Counoil will formulate plans for the establishment of a permanent Court of _ International .'Justice,' to determine international disputes,' or give advisory opinions. l Members who do , notsubmit their cases to arbitration must accept the'jurisdiction of the Council orAesembiy. ■ If the Oouitoil (less the parties to ■the dispute) is unanimonsly-agreed upon the rights, or if the members agree that they will not. go to war with any party to the dispute which complies with its recommendations,'in this case recommendations by the Assembly, concurred in by all- its represented on the Council and a simple majority of the. rest (less the parties .to/'the dispute) will have the force of a unanimous recommendation by ithe . Council. : In either case, if the necessary agreement , cannot be 6eonred,the members reserve the right to take such action as may be> necessary for the maintenance of right and justice. Members resorting to war in. disregard of the Covenant will be immediately debarred from all intercourse with other members. The Counoil will.in.suchenses consider what military or naval action-can be taken> by. the League collectively for the protection of it» covenants, and will afford facilities to members co-operating in this enterprise. '.-..■.. : ■'• , ■:'- -■.'..-., ■ ■-...'•

; y f VALIDITY OF TREATIES , All treaties."or* international engagements concluded after the institution of the League wilt be registered with the Secretariat and published. The Assembly ' may from time to time advise members to reconsider treaties which havo become inapplicable, or-Which involve'danßer to peace. i. The Covenant abrogates all obligations between members inconsistent with ite terms, but nothing in it shall affect tho validity of arbitration or regional , understandings lite, the Monroe Doctrine for seouring the maintenance of peace. ,'■ : ;; ; ; ':' handatorFsystem .' ■. • ■ ■".. "••■ The tutelage of nation 3 not yet-able to stand by themselves will be entrusted to the. advanced nations who ar? best fitted to undertake it. The Covenant i recognises three different stages of development requiring different kinds- of mandates i . " .■ ■ . . ' (a)_ Communities like those, belonging to the, Turkish Empire, which can.be provisionally recognised'as independent, subject to advice and assistanco from the mandatory in whose selection they should be allowed a voice. (b) Communities like those of Central Africa, to be administered by a man- . datbry under, conditions generally approved by the membew of tho League, where equal opportunities for trade-shall be allowed to all the members. Certain cbuses, such as trade in slaves, arms, and liquor will be prohibited, and the construction of military and naval bases, and the introduction of compulsory military training will be disallowed. . ;.(c) ..Other ■ communities) such as. those of South-West Africa and the South Pacific- Islands, will bo best administered under the laws of the mandatory as integral portions of its territory. In every case the mandatory will render an ' annual report and the degree of its authority will be defined.. GENERAL INTERNATIONAL PROVISIONS '■ ■•: Subject to and in accordance with the provision of ■ International Conventions existing or. hereafter to be agreed upon, the members of the League will in general, endeavour, though an international organisation established by tho La- . Dour Convention, to secure and maintain fair conditions of labour for men, . women,.'and' children in their own countries and other countries, and will under- -, take to secure just treatment for native inhabitants of the territories under their control. They will entrust the League with the general supervision over the execution of agreements for the suppression, of traffic in women and children, etc., anil the control of trade in arms and ammunition with countries in which control is necessary. They will make provision for freedom of communications nnd transit, and equitable treatment for the commerce of all the members of . the Len&ue, with special reference to the necessities of the regions devastated during the war, nnd will endeavour ,to take steps for the international prevention find control of disease. International bureaux and commissions already established will be placed under tho League, as will all those to be established in tho future. ■ . ■. • . - Amendments-.to tho Covenant will take effect whon ratified by the Council and by a majority of the Assembly. SECTION 2.-THE BOUNDARIES OF GERMANY Tho boundaries of Germany are described in two Articles, ono dealing with Germany proper, the other with East Prussia. ■ The boundary lines between tho new State of Poland and Germany and East Prussia respectively, nnd the new boundary line between East Prussia and Lithuania,-are described in detail, in eo far as they are not left to be settled by the Boundary ,Commissionsjon the spot. _ . - . . ... The boundary with Belgium follows the lino described in the later section ' . dealing with Belgium.; . , ■ ::■:■ i.The. frontier with Luxemburg and with Switzerland is that of August, 1914. ■*: "The frontier with Franco is that of July 18, 1870, with a reservation regarding, the Saar..,. .. The frontier with Austria .is the same as that of August 3, 1911,1 up to the point where that of the new State, of Czecho-Slovakia begins. The frontier of Czechoslovakia follows the old frontier between Germany and Austria up to the point where the new State of Poland begins. The boundary between Germany and Denmark, and a portion of the boundary between East Prussia and Poland, remain to be decided by tho result of a plebiscite. . ■ SECTION 3,-POLffIGAL CLAUSES . . BELGIUM '• Germany is to consent to the abrogation of the Treaties of 1839, by which Belgium was established as a*-neutral State, and her frontiers, etc. fixed; and to agree in advance to any_ Convention with which the Allies may determine to replace them. Germany is to recognise tha full sovereignty .of Belgium over the contested territory of Moresnet, and over part of Prussian Morcsnet; and is to renounce in favour of Belgium all rights over Kupen and Malmedy, the inhabitants of whioh are to be entitled within six months to protest ugainet this change in whole or in part, the final decision to be reserved to the League of Nations ' A Commission is to settle the details of the frontier, nnd various rcnlations for individual, ohanges of nationality aro laid down. The territories acquired by •dAVgiumwill be free Of all obligations. .. '

LUXEMBURG Germany is to renounce the various treaties and conventions with the Grand .Duchy of Luxemburg, and to recognise that it has ceased to ho part of the German Zollverem from January 1 last. Germany is to renounce all rights to Me exploitation of the railways, to adhere to the abrogation of its neutrality, awl to accept in advance any international agreements as to its reached by the Allied and Associated Powers. LEFT BANkIfYhE RHINE _ As subsequently provided in the military seotion, Germany must not maintain or construct any fortifications less than fifty kilometres to the.east of the Khine. In the above area Germany may maintain no urmed forces, either permanent or temporary, nor hold any manoeuvres, nor maintain any works for facilitating mobilisation. .. n,u£ the P TO 7.? iona , of thi \ 4jfale are violated she shall be regarded as commit ing a hostile net against the signatories of the Treaty, and as intending to disturb the worlds peace. By virtue of the Treaty she must respond to addressTo her exp anahon w£lcl ? the Counoil ? f the liea Sue of Nations may THE~SAAR In compensation for the. destruction of the coal mines in Northern France, and as a payment on account of reparation, Germany is to cede to France- the lull ownership of the coal mines of the Saar'Basin with their subsidiaries, accessories and facilities. Their'value will be estimated by the Separation Coinm;esion, and credited against that account. The French rights will be governed by. the German law in force at the-time of the armistice excepting war legislation;, l< ranee replacing'the present owners, whom Germany will undertake •to indemnity. France will continue to furnish the present proportion of coal for local needs, and to contribute in just proportion to the local ■ taxes. The Basin eactendsf rom tie frontier of Lorraine, as reannexed, to France; north as far as, baint Wendel, including the valley of the Saar a3 far as and,' jon the east, the town of Hqmburg. ■ In order to secur,e the rights and welfare of the population, and the guarantee to France of entire freedom in the working of the mines, the territory will D 3 governed by a Commission to be appointed by the League of Nations, and consisting of five members; one French, one a native inhabitant of the Saar, and three representing three different countries other than France and Germany. ~T ne League will appoint a member of the Commission as chairman to act as the executive of the Commission. The Commission will have all the powers of government formerly belonging to the German Empire, Prussia, and tfayaria; will administer the railroads and other public services and will have full -powerto interpret the Treaty, olnusea. Tlfe local Courts will continue, but wih.be subject to the Commission. The existing German legislation will remain as the baeis of the law, but the Commission may make modifications, after consulting a local representative Assembly, whioh it will organise. It will have taxing power, but for local purposes only; new taxes must be approved by this Assembly. Labour legislation will consider the wishes of the local Labour organisations and the Labour programme of the League. French and other labour may be freely utilised, French labour being free to belorn* to French unions. ■

■There will bo no military service, but only a local gendarmerie to preserve order. The people will preserve their local Assemblies, religious liberties, schools, and language, but may vote only for tho local Assemblies. They will keep their present nationality except eo far as individuals may change it. . I hose wishing to leave will have every facility with respect to their- property. • The territory will form part of tho French Customs system, with no export tax on coal and metallurgical products going to Germany, nor on German products for the Basin, and for five years no import duties on products of the Basingoing to Germany or German products coming into the Basin for local consumption,' for French money may circulate without restriction. After fifteen years a plebiscite will he held by the communes to ascertain the desires of the population to the continuance of the existing regime under the League of Nations, a union with France, or a union with Germany. The right to vote. will belong to all over twenty resident therein at the Signature. On opinion being thus expressed the League will decide the ultimate sovereignty. In any P ol^ oll restored to Germany the German Government must buy out the Irench mines at an appraised valuation. If tho price is not paid within six months thereafter this portion will pass finally to France. If Germany : buye back the mines, the League will determine how much of the coal shall (fo to France. . ■ ALSACMRAINE After the recognition of the moral obligation to repair the /wrong done in 18/1 by Germany to France and the people of Alsace-Lorraine, the territories ceded to Germany by the Treaty of Frankfort arc to be restored to France with their frontiers as before 1871, to date from the signing of the armistice, and to ■be free.of all public debts. Citizenship is to be regulated by the detailed provisions distinguishing those who are immediately restored to full French citizenship, those who have to make formal application therefor, and those for whom naturalisation is open after threo years. Tho last-named class will include the German residents in Alsace-Lorraine as distinguished from those who aoquire the position of Alsace-Lorraine citizenship, as defined by ' the Treaty. All public property and all private property of the German ex-Sovereigns will pass to Franco, without payment or credit. France is substituted for Germany as regards the ownership of tho railroads, and tfca rights over concessions, tramways, and the Rhine bridges pass to Franco, with the obligation for their unkeep. ■. . . For five years the manufactured products of Alsace-Lorraine will be admitted to Germany free of duty to a total amount not exceeding in any one year the average of the thrco yeare preceding the war, and textile materials may bo imported from Germany to Alsace-Lorraine, and re-exported free of duty. 'Contracts for electric power from the right bank of tho Rhine must be continued "for ten years.'■ For seven years, with a possible extension, to ten years, the ports'' of Kelu and Strasbourg shall be administered as a eingle unit by a French administrator, appointed and supervised by tho Central Rhine Commission. Property rights will bo safeguarded in both ports, and equality treatment as respects traffic , 'assured the national vessels and goods of every country. Contracts between citizens of Alsace-Lorraine and the Germans aro maintained, save for France's right to annul, on the grounds of public interest. The judgments of the Courts will hold in certain classes of cases, while in others a judicial conseqnatur ,ie first required. Political condemnations' during the war are null and void, and the obligation to repay war fine 3 is established as in other parts of Allied territory. Various clauses adjust tho general provisions of the Treaty to the special conditions of Alsace-Lorraine, oertain matters of execution being left to the Conventions to be made between France and Germany. 'GERItM-AUSTRIA The entire independence of German-Austria is recognised by Germany, CZECHOSLOVAKIA Germany recognises the entire independence of the Czechoslovak States, including the autonomous territory of the Ruthenians south of tho Carpathians and accepts the frontiers of-this State as they may be determined, which In the case of the German frontier, shall follow the old frontior of Bohemia in 1914. . >'. ". POLAND Germany cedes to Poland the greater part of TJppev Silesia Poson and the province of West Prussia on tho left bank of the Vistula. A Field' Boundary Commission of seven, of which five shall represent tho Allied and Associated lowers, and one each Poland and Germany, shall bo constituted within fifteen days of peace, to delimit this boundary. Such special provisions as aro necessary to protect racial or religious minorities shall be laid down in a subsequent' treaty between tho Allied and Associated Powers and Poland. EAST PRUSSIA The. southern and eastern frontier of East Prussia, as facing Poland, is to be fixed by plebiscites; the first, in tho Regency of Allenstein, between the southern frontier ot Last Prussia and the northern frontier of Regierungebesrk and Allenstein, from where it meets the boundary between East and West Prussia to its junction with the boundary between the circles of Oletsko and Augei-Bburg, and thence along the northern boundary of Oletsko to its junction with tho present frontier; and the second, in the'area comprising the circles of btuhm and Rosenberg and the parta of circles and Marienburg and Marienwerden, east of the Vistula. In each case the German troops and authorities wil move out within fifteen days of peace, and the territories shall be placed under nn International Commission of five members appointed by tho five Allied and Associated Powers, with the poitioular duty of arranging for a free fair and secret vote. The Commission will report the results of the plebiscites to the nve Powers, with a recommendation for the boundary, and will terminate its work as soon as the boundary is laid down and new authorities aro set up. lhe fcve Allied and Assopmted Powers will draw up regulations assuring East Prussia full and equitable access to and the use of the Vistula. A Bubsequent Convention of which tho terms are to bo fixed by tho five Allied and Associated Powers, will be entered lufo between Poland, Germany, and Danzig, to assure +{! Ita .? e , railroad communication across German territory on the right bank of the Vistula between Poland and Danzig, while Poland shall grant free passage from East Prussia to Germany. The north-eastern corner of.East Prussia about Meuwl is to be ceded by Germany to tfee AesociSlSl Powers, the former agreeiiu; o accept the settlement made, especially as regards the nationality of the inhabitants. . J

. DANZIG DauWg and the district immediately about it is to bo constituted into the free city ot Danzig under u guarantee of tho League of Nations. A High Coniimss oner appointed by the League, and resident at Danzig, shall draw up a constitution in agreement with tlio duly-appointed .representatives of tho city, and shall deal in the first instance with all differences arising between the city and Poland, 'lho actual boundaries of the city shall be delimited by a Commission to. lie appointed withm six months from peace, and to inolide three representatives chosen from the Allied and Associated Powers, and ono each by Germany and Poland. A Convention, the terms of which stall bo fixed by the five Allied and Associated Powers, shall be concluded between Poland and Danzig which shall include Danzig within the Polish Customs frontiers, though with a free area in the port; ensure to Poland the usa of nil tho (city's waterways, docks, and other port facilities, tho control and'administration of tho Vistula, the. whole of the through railway system within the city, and tho postal, telegraphic and telephonic communications between Poland and Danzig: provido against discrimination against tho Poles within tho city, and placo its foreign relations and the diplomatic protocetion of its citizens abroad in charge of rolanu. \ DENMARK The frontier between Germany and i/unniark is to be fixed in accordance .with the wishes of the population, a vote being taken in Northern Schleswig as 11 .Si !? l' ortlu,ls of Central Schleswig by tho communes ten days from peace, ino German troops and authorities must evneuato the region north of a, line running from the mouth of tho Schlei, south of Kappel, Schleswig, and Friodrichstadt, and along tho Zider to tho North Sea'south "of Tonning, and the Workmen's and Soldiers' Councils in the zone must be dissolved. During (ho voting tho zono will bo under the charge of an International Commission of five members, of whom tho Norwegian and Swedish Governments will bo invited to choose two. The Commission will temporarily have general powers of administration. After the result of the voting has been declared tho Danish Government may occupy those territories which have coted for Denmark. »nd Germany shall renounco her sovereign' rights in those territories. All the inhabitants will then acquire Danish nationality, with certain exceptions. -Provisions are made for individual changes of nationality under • certain conditions. ■ i HELIGOLAND The fortifications, military establishments, and harbours of the islands of Heligoland and Dune are to be destroyed under the supervision of the Allies by German labour, and at Germany's expense. They aro not to be reconstructed; nor are any similar works to Dβ constructed in the future,

' . RUSSIA , Germany is to recognise and respect the full independence of all territories winch fprined part of the former Kussian Empire. Germany is to accept definitely the unnulment. of the Brost-Litoysk Treaty, and of all treaties or agreements or all kinds concluded by Germany since tho revolution of November, 1917, with nil Governments or political groups on tho territory of His former Russian iiUinire. The Allies reserve all rights on the part of' Russia for restitution and satisfaction to be obtained from Germany on the principles of the present SECTION 4.--POLITICAL~CLAUSES OUTSIDE EUROPE Outside Europe Germany renounces all rights, titles, and privileges as to her own or her territory to all the Allied . and Associated Towers, ana uiiaertakes to accept whatever measures are taken by the five Allied and Associated lowers m relation thereto. COLONIES AND OVERSEAS POSSESSIONS Germany renounces in favour of the Allied and Associated Powers her oversense possessions with all rights and .titles therein. All movable and immovable property belonging to the German Empire or to any German State shall pass to the Government exercising authority thereat. These Governments may mate whatever provisions may seem suitable for the repatriation of German nai? n ii *? a i s to tn e conditions on which German subjects of European origin snail reside, hold property, or carry on business. Germany undertakes to pay reparation for damage suffered by French nationals in the Cameroons. or its frontier zone through the acts of the German civil and military authorities, and of individual Germans from January 1, 1900, to August 1, 1914. Germany renounces all rights under the Convention of November 4, 1911, and September 28,- 1912, and undertakes to pay trance in accordance with the estimate presented and approved by the Reparation Commission all deposits, credits, advances, etc., thereby secured. • Germany -undertakes to accept and observe nny provisions 'by the Allied and Associated Powers as to the «2- m /l? s nd f *, mts in Africil as well ns to tlie General Act of Berlin, 1880, and the General Act of Brussels of 1890. Diplomatic protection to tlie ineserekinlfuttori4 rmer GQTmm COl ° nie3 "*° S ' Ten ytlle Governments Una . Germany renounces in favour of China all privileges and indemnities resulting from the Boxer Protocol of 1901, and,all buildings, wharves, barracks, Jorts munitions of war ships, wireless plants, and other public property, except th'i diplomatic or consular establishments in the German concession of Tientsin ana -Hankow, and mother Chinese territory, except Kiaochau, and agrees to lorn iiSl ma 'nv her ?,?'" « x P en6e . aU astronomical instruments seized in IJUU and 1001. China will, however,, take no measures for the disposal of the Geiman property in the Legation quarte.- at Peking without the consent of the powers signatory to the Boxer Protocol. Germany accepts the abrogation of the concessions tit Hankow: and Tientsin, China agreeing to open them to international use. Germany renounces all olainis against China or any Allied and Associated Government for the internment or repatriation of her citizens in China, 1017 of selzure or . ll( l uid a ti on of German interests there since August 14, 1.117. She renounces in favour of Great Britain her State property in the British concession at Canton, and, of Franco and China jointly, of the property of the German school in the French concession in Shanghai. .SUM ■ Hi fi Q S ny / ec ? gn i SeS u tha 'i? l ll a S reemonts between'herself and Siam, including iroJrfv £ e^ra-terntoriahty.ceased .on July 22, 1917. All German public propertj, except consular and diplomatic premises, passes without compensation to biani; German, private property to be dealt with in accordance with the ecornndl a f" SeS, * ? erm W ™\™ dd™ against Siam for the seizure and of heTnationals PB> U l uidation of bsr or the internment : LIBERIA „ renounces all right under the.intornational arrangements of 1911-1912 legftrding Liberia, more particularly the right to nominate the receiver of Customs, and disinterests .herself in any further negotiations for the rehabilitation tL™ hi l* M * bl '°S ated . a" commercial treaties and agreements between herself and. Liberia, and recognises Liberia'* right to determine her status, and the condition of the re-establishment of Germans in Liberia. ■ MOROCCO Germany renounces all her rights, titles, and privileges under the Act of Algeciras and Iranco-German Agreements 0f1909 and 1911, and under all treaties and arrangements with the Sherinan Empire. She undertakes not to intervene in any negotiations as to Morocco between France Mid the other Powers, accepts all the coiiscnuences of a French Protectorate there, and renounces the capitulations Tho Sheriflan Government shall havo complete liberty of action ii regard to German nationals, and all German-protected persons sliall be subject to common law. All movable and immovable German property including mining rights, may be taken by the Government and deducted from tho leparatton account. Germany is also required torelinquisb her interest in the State Bank of Morocco. All Moroccan goods entering Germany shall have the same priviiege as French goods. 1 EGYPT : Germany recognises the British Protectorate over Egypt declared on Decem. be- 18, 1914, and renounces as from August i, 1914, the capitulations and all tho treaties, agreements, etc, concluded by her with Egypt. She undertakes not to intervene in nny negotiations about Egypt between Great-Britain and the other Powers. llierc arc provisions for jurisdiction over German nationals and property an:l for German consent to any changes which may be made in relation to tho commission of the public debt. Germany consents to the transfer to Great Britain of powers given to the late Sultan of Turkey for securing tho free navigation oi the Suez Canal. Arrangements for property belonging to German nationals in Egypt are made similar to those in the case of Morocco' and other countries. Anglo-Egyptian goods entering Germany shall enjoy the same treatment as British goods. turkeylndlulgaria . . ■ Germany accepts all arrangements which the Allied and Associated Powers make with lurkey and Bulgaria with reference to any rights, privileges or interests claimed in those countries by Germany or her nationals, and not dealt with elsewhere. SHANTUNG , Germany cedes to Japan all rights,- titles, and privileges, notably as to Kiaochau, and the railroads, mines, and cables acquired by hor treaty with China on March 0, 1898; and by her agreements r.s fr> Shantung, all German rights to tho railroads from Tsingtao to Tsinaufu, including all facilities, niinin" rights and rights of exploitation pass equally to Japan, and the cables from Tsingtao to Shanghai and Chefoo, the cables to be free of all charges. All German State property, movable and immovable, at Kiaochau is acquired by Japan free of all charges. SECTION S.4IILITARY,IAVAL, AND AIR CLAUSES "In order to render impossible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments of all nations, Germany undertakes directly to observe military, naval, and air clauses which follow":— ' ' MILITARY

Tho military terms provide for the demobilisation of tUo German armies and tho imposition of. other military restrictions within two months of the eignini? of tho (as a first stop towards international disarmament). All compnisory military eervico is to bo abolished in Gorman territory, and recruiting regulations on a. voluntary basis aro to be incorporated into the German military laws providing for the enlistment of non-commissioned officers and men for a period of not>less than twelve consecutive years, and stipulating tliat officers shall serve for twenty-five years, and shall not be retired until tho ago of forty-five. No resorve of officers with war service will be permitted. Tho total number of tho German effectives is fixed at 100,000, including not more than 1000 officers, and it is--provided that there shall bo no ether military officers raised outsido this figure. Any incroaso in tho number of Customs or forestry officials, or of police, or the military training of these sorvices, is specially prohibited. Tho function of the Gorman Army is to keep internal order and control the frontiers. The High Command is to confine itself to administrative duties, and will not be allowed to retain a General Staff. The civilian personnel at the Ministry of War and similar institutions is to be reduced to one-tenth of that in 1913. Thero will bo not more than seven infantry and three cavalry divisions, and not more than two corps staffs. Surplus war academies and schools for officers and.cadets, etc., are to be suppressed, and the number of students admitted to schools and retained for the recruitment of officers is to be limited to vacancies occurring in thoestab■lishments provided.' The production of armaments, munitions, and material of war in Germany is limited to a schedule based on the amount considered necessary for an army on tho scale decided upon. No reserves may bo formed, an,l all existing armaments, guns, and stores above tho limits fixed must ho handed over to the Allies for disposal. No poisonous gas or liquid firo shall be manufactured or imported,-nor any tanks nor armoured cars. The Germans are obliged to notify to tho Allies' for approval y ie name 3 and situation of all factories manufacturing munitions, together with particulars of their output. The German Government arsenals aro to bo suppressed, and their personnel dismissed. Munitions for use in fortified works are to be limited to 1500 rounds jipiece for guns of 10.5 cm. calibre and under, an 500 rounds for guns of higher calibre. Germany is prohibited from manufacturing armaments and munitions for foreign countries, and from importing them fro m nbroad. Germany must not maintain or construct any fortifications situated "on German territory less than fifty kilometres enst of tho Rhine, and in tho above area no armed forces, cither permanent or temporary, may bo maintained, The status quo is to be reserved in respect of fortifications on tho .original southern and eastern frontiers of the Gorman Empire. No military manoeuvres n iay be held, nor any permanent works kept for the purposes of helping mobilisation. Tho demobilisation of tho fortifications must tako placo within threo months. The remainder, and those under construction, must be broken up by Germany within three months. Tho material arising from the breaking up of thi> Geririan warships may not be used except for industrial purposes, and may not b e eold to foreign countries except under specified conditions for replacement. Germany is forbidden <o construct or acquire auy warships, and the construction or acquisition of any submarines whatoveris prohibited. Vessels of war fire only to have a fixed allowance of arms, munitions, and war matevinl. All excess of arms, munitions, and war material is to be surrendered, rind no stocks or reserves aro allowed. Tho personnel of tup German Navy must b'n recruited entirely by voluntary engagements for a. minimum period of twenty-five consecutivo years for officers and warrant officers, and twelvo consecutive years for petty officers and men, under various restrictions. In order to ensure freo passage into tho Baltic, Germany is not to erect any fortifications in cerlain specified areas, and not to instal' any guns commanding the maritime routes between the-North Sea and the Baltic.'Existing fortifications within those areas aro to bo demolished, and the guns romovpd. Other fortified works within fifty kilometres of tho German coast or on the Uerinai) islands aro to remain as being of a defensive nature, but no w\v iortihrations may be constructed, and' armaments may not be increased. The maximum stocks of ammunition allowed for such defences are 150(1 rounds por piece for 1.1-ineh guns and under, and 500 rounds per piece for guns .exceed* ing chat calibre.

riie German wireless stations at Nation, Hanover, and Berlin, arc not to bn used for naval, military, or political messages without the assent of the Allied and Associated Governments during three mouths, but only for commercial purposes under supervision. During the same period (iermany is not to build any more high-power wireless stations. Germany will bo allowed to repair German submarine cables which have been cut. but are not being utilised by the Allied lowers, and also portions of cables which, after having been cut, have been removed, or are at any rate beini? utilised by any of the Allied ami Associated lowers. In such cases the cables or portions of cables removed or utilised remain Hie property of the Allied and Associated Powers, and accordingly fourteen cables, or parts of cables, are specified which arc not to be reetored to Germany,

:•■ - - . NAVAL v;.;-.- .■"■■•;; The naval terms provide (hat within two months the German naval forces in commission must not exceed six battleships ■'of the Dcutschland .or Lotlmngen type, six light cruisers, twelve destroyers, and • ' twelve torpedo bouts, or an equal number of ships constructed to repluce them jSo submarines are to be included, and all other warships are-to be placed in reserve, or dovoted to commercial purposes. Germany may keep in comimsion a faxed number of mine-sweep ing vessels ' until mines within certain areas in the XSortli Sea and the Baltic have been swept up. After'.the expiration of two months the total exclusive personnel of the navy"must.not exceed ISiOOO/ including a maximum of 1500 officers and warrant..officers..'. "All :Gernian surface warships interned in Allied or neutral ports are to be finally surrendered.- Within two months certain additional wa'rships, enumerated in the" Treaty, and" now in German ports, will be surrendered at Allied ports. . The German Government muct undertake the breaking up of all German surface warships.under construelu 11 ' TO-?i- mry on " SO F, s ' etc - a™ too be disarmed and treated as : merchant Bnps. Within one month all German submarines, salvage vessels, and docks for submarines capable of proceeding under their own power or being towed, must nave been handed over at Allied ports. THE AIR CLAUSES The air clauses provide that the'armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces. Germany is, however, to "be allowed to maintain a maximum of one hundred unarmed seaplanes up to October' 1,"1919, to bo exclusively.employed in searching for submarine 'mines. The entire*, personnel of the air forces in Germany is to be demobilised within.twomonths, ex?m J°n f u °mi ten . thou I a!1( l mon . i "eluding officers, which may be retained up. to October. Hie aircraft of the Allied and Associated Powers are to enjoy tun liberty of passage and landing over and in the territory and territorial waters of Germany until January 30, 1923, unless prior to that date Germany is admitted to the League of Nations, or is admitted to adhere to the Intei-- " The manufacture of aircraft and parts of aircraft ib iorbidden throughout Germany for six months. All military and naval airoralt, including dirigibles, and aeronautical material, are to be delivered to the Allied and Associated Governments within three months, except for ten- seaplanes specified. ' '"' ■" ' • ....c.r.. a, *r_ ::/: :^ •The Alliee and the German Government are to respect" and maintain -the graves of all soldiers and sailors buried on their territories," and' recognise" and assist any commissions appointed in connection with them, agreeing also'fo give any practical facilities for removal and reburial.' - ■ PRISONERSOFWAR The repatriation of German prisoners and interned civilians is to be carried out by, a, commission composed of representatives of. the Allies and the German government, togother with, local sub-commissions. German prisoners -war and interned civilians, are to be returned without delay, by the German authorities m tneir own cost. Those under sentence for offences against discipline committed beiore May 1 1919, are to bo repatriated w itbout regard to the completion of their sentence, but this does not apply in th case of offences other than those against discipline. Until the German Government has surrendered prisoners guilty of; offences against the 1 aws. and customs of war, the Allies iiave the Tight to retain selected German officers. The Allies have the right to deal at their own discretion with German nationals who do not desire to be repatriated, and all repatriation Is'conditional on the immediate release of cny Allied subjects still in Germany. The German Government is to accord facilities to commissions of inquiry in the collecting of information in regard to missing P of war,, and in the imposing of penalties on' officials who have concealed Allied nationals. The German Government is to restore all property belonging to Allied prisoners, and there is to be a reciprocal exchange of informaiioi as to dead prisoners and their graves. SECTION 7.-RESP@NSIBILITIES FOR THE CRIMES OF THE WAR The Allies' publicly arraign tho ex-Emperor William ■'II "for- a supreme of- . fence against international morality and the sanotity of treaties." The exEmperor's surrender is to be asked for from the Dutch Government, and a special tribunal is to be set! up, consisting of cue Judge from 'each of the five Great Powers. The tribunal is to be guided by the highest principles of international policy, and is to have the duty of fixing whatever punishment'it thinks should bo imposed. Military tribunals are to be set up by the Allies to take persona accused of acts of violation of the laws and customs of war, and the German Government is to hand over all persons so accused.' Similar tribunals are to be sot up by any particular Allied Power against whose nationals criminal acte have been committed. The accused are to be entitled to name their own counsel, and the German Government is to undertake to furnish all documents and information the production of which may be necessary. GENERAL ARTICLES. ... ... : ...... The general articles provide for a modification ,of German/ laws.; in "conformity with preceding clauses. All clauses contained in the' Treaty, are to he executed by Germany, under the control of inter-Allied commissions to be specially appointed by the Allied and Associated Governments, for which- the German Government is bound to furnish all necessary facilities and the expenses of upkeep and duties of the military, navnl, and aeronautical commissions of control, as laid dowii in. detail. . . ■ . . .: .(l\:.-:,-' SECTION PREPARATION AND RESTITUTION, ; . "The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts on behalf of horself and her allies, the responsibility for causing', all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as the consequenco of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of enemy States." 'While tho grand total of damages assessed against Germany may exceed her ability to pay, she undertakes to make compensation for all damages caused to civilians undor eoyen- main categories :■—■■ " (a) Damage by personal injury to civilians' caused by aots of war-' directly or indirectly. ".._...... , ..,. ... . ; (b) Damage caused to civilians by acts of cruelty ordered: by. 1 the enemy, and to civilians in the occupied territories. (c) Damagos caused by maltreatment of prisoners. ... .. ....... (d) Damages to Allied peoples as represented by the pensions vand ■ separation allowances the signature of this Treaty;' (e) Damages to property other than naval or military materials. ' , (f) Damage to civilians by being forced to labour. ' ..' (g) Damages in the form of levies or fines '. imposed by the enemy. ' The total obligation of Germany to pay, as defined in. the category of damages, ie to be determined and notified to her after' a fair hearing, and not later than May 1, 1921,.by an Inter-Allied Reparation Commission. At the same time a schedule of payments to discharge the obligation ' within thirty"years shall be presented. These payments are subject to postponement..in certain .contingencies, Germany irrevocably recognises the full authority of this commission, 'agrees to supply it with all necessary information, and to pass legislation to effectuate ite findings. She further agrees to restore to the Allies .cash, and.certain articles wJiich can be identified. Aβ an immediate step towards? restoration' Germany shall pay within two years 20,000,000,000 marks in either gold, goods, ships, or other specific forms of payment, wifh tho understanding that certain expenses euch as those of the Jinnies of occupation, and payments for food and raw materials may be deducted at the discretion, of the Allies. . "1n..-periodically estimating Germany's capacity to pay tho Reparation Commission shall examine the German system of taxation, first, to the cud that tho sums for reparation which. Germany is required to pay shall become- a charge upon all her revenues prior to that for tho service or discharge of any domestio loan, and, secondly, eo aa to satisfy itself that in general the. Gorman scheme of taxation is fully as- heavy proportionally aa that of any of the Powers represented'" on" Measures which the Allied and Associated Powers ijhall hare the right to take in the case of voluntary default by Germany, and which '.Genjmaiiy, agrees not to i* gard as acts of war, may include such economic and; nnanoial r .prohibitions end reprisals, and in general such other measures as tho respective. Governments may, determine to be necessary in tho circumstances." '..'''t'.i'uY.T , .'■-'■'•'v , '-'

The Commission salt consist of ono representative eaoh of ■ the United Slates, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium, with all other Allied Powers entitled, when their claims are under consideration, to-tho right of representation without voting power. It shall permit Germany to give evidence regarding her capacity to pay, and shall assure he r a just opportunity to be heard. It shall niako its headquarters at Paris, establish its own proceduro and personnel, have the general control of the whole of the reparation problem, and Ixxioiue the exclusive agency of the Allies for receiving, holding, selling, and distributing the reparation payments. The majori ty vote shall prevail, except that unanimity is required on questions involving the sovereignty of any of tiitt'. Allies. The cancellation of all or part of Germany'? obligations, the time and niannor of selling, distributing, and negotiating bonds issued^by,'Germany,'any ■postponement between 1921 and 1926 of annual naymonts 'beyond 1930, and any postponement after 1926 for a period of more than three years, the application of a different method of measuring the dama go than in a similar former case, and the interpretation of the provisions of w ltlulrawal from representation on the Commission, is permitted upon twelvo months' notice. . ' The Commission may require Germany, to give- from timo to time, by way of guaranty, issues >of bonds or other obligations, to cover such claims as are not otherwise satisfied. In this connection, nnd on account of fiio total amount of claims, bond issues are- presently to bo required of Germany in acknowledgment of its debt as follows:— . " 20,000,000 marks in gold, payablo not later than May, 1, 1921, without interest; • . . ..:■.. 40,000,000 marks in gold, bearing 1\ per cent, interest, between 1921 and 1920; . . Thereafter, five per cent, with one per cent, sinking fund, payment 'beginning in 1926, and nn undertaking to deliver 40,000,000 luorke in gold, bearing interest' at five per cent, under terms to be fixed by the Commission. * Interest on Germany's-debt will be five per cent., unless othenvin?' determined by the Commission in future, and the payments that nvo not: nindo .in "ohl may bo accepted by the Commission in the form of properties, commodities, businesses, rights, concessions, etcetera." Certificates of beneficial interest representing either bonds or goods delivered by Germany may bo issued by the Commission to tho interested Power, no Power being entitled; however, In lui'vu iN certificates divided into more than five pieces. As the. bonds are.distributed and pass from the control of the Commission an amount of Germany's debt equivalent to their par value is to bo considered as liquidated. SHIPPING The German Government recognises the right of the Allies to the repliwment, ton for ton' ami class for class, of all merchant ships and lis-himf-bo-its lost or damaged owing to tho war, and agrees to cede to the Allies all Geriuon merchant ships of ICOO tons gross and upwards, one-half her ships between 'IGHO and 1000 tons gross, and one-quarter her steam trawlers and,other fishing-boat;. Thesß ships to be delivered within two months to the Kopari'lion Commission, togethor with the documents of title evidencing the transfer of the-ships from encumbrance; "As an additional part of reparation" the Gentian Government further agrees to build merchant ships for'account of the Allies'to an minnint not exceeding 200,000 tons gross annually during the next five years. All shins used for .inland navigation taken by Germany from the Allies are (o lie 'restored within two months. Tho amount of ]o?s not covered by such restitution is to bo made up by the cession of the German river fleet up to 20 per cent, thereof. . DEVASTATED AREAS / Germany undertakes to devote her economic'resources directly to the physical restoration of tho invade/I areas. The Reparation Commission is authorised to require Germany to rdplaee destroyed articles by the delivery of nnihials, machinery, etc., existing in Germany, and to manufacture materials required for reconstruction purposes, all with duo consideration for Germany's essential domestic requirements. SPECIAIPROVISIONS Germany is to restore within six months tho Koran of the Caliph Otsm.an, , formerly at Medina, to tho King of the BSjaz, . and. the skull of Sultan Mtornwa. formerly, in German East Africa, to His Britannic Majesty's Government. The German Government is also to restore to the French Government certain papers taken by the German authorities in IS7O belonging then to. M. Eouher, and restore French flags taken during the .war of 1870-71;