DEATH OF THE POPE

Dominion, Volume 7, Issue 2235, 22 August 1914, Page 9

DEATH OF THE POPE

THE LAST MOMENTS

DEPLORES THE WAB

Bjr Telegraph—Pres3 Aj3<xsiaticra—Copyright ■, ■ Cileo. August 21, 10.25 p.m.) ; Rome, August 21. Cardinal VannutellT; Doyen of' the Sacred College, and Cardinal Agliardi, have decided that the coming Conclave should send an appeal for peaoe to the warring nations, and that the United States pe asked to present the appeal. Monsignor Sogsuno succeeds Monsignor Kosa as Secretary of the Conclave: ■•!: ;; -.. ' •• '' •' - ■■- . The Pope had a painful struggle for breath towards the end. . ■ J From time to time he spoke, and on' one occasion said:' "In• ancient times the Pope with his wbrd might have, the slaughter; now Ism in- ' potent, and forced to see the spectacle ■qf.-iriyv.owp children/ even those who yesterday worked hero with me; leaving for the war, abandoning the cassock and cowl for soldiers' uniforms, and are now in different fields, armed against each other, and ready to take each other's lives."

MOURNINC IN NEW ZEALAND.

HIGH PONTIFICAL MASS AT THE BASILICA. . :. Coadjutor-Archbishop O'Shea, who, in ttie absence from New Zealand of Archbishop Redwood, is the head of the Roman Catholic Church hi New Zealand, called a conference of local, parish priosts j'esterday morning to formally v notify them of the death of His Holiness the Pope, and to make euoh arrangements as are necessary to solemnise the sad event. It was arranged that Solemn High Pontifical Mass should bo celebrated at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Hill Street, art 9 a.m. on Wednesday next, with Archbishop O'Shea as the celebrant. ' As many priests as can make it convenient in the archdiocese will'attend. ; Solemn Requioui. Mass will be celebrated in every Roman patholio Church throughout the Dominion, on dates convenient., to the'clergy. ''' ■ Coadjutor-Archbishop O'Shea is of : opinion that ■ the great disruption ,of the nations may have hastened the end. Pope Pius, was regarded ,as one ,who had done more for the internal welfare of the Church of Rome-than any who had occupied the; throne' of St. Peter for very many years. .He had brought the administration'of the' affairs of the Church up to date, and had placed it in a state;of great efficiency throughout' the world. He, too, had recognised the growth of the. Church in■■, English-speak-ing countries, and had recognised it by appointing a considerable number of English-speaking Cardinals—two in England, one in Canada, and three in the United States,- and there were at present ■ more 'Englioh-speaking Cardinals than ever before in the history of the ■Church.

ELECTION OF A POPE.

. ■ :"T— 4. ■! INTERESTING PROCEEDINGS 1 . ' UNDER LOCK AND KEY. : ■ ■} The Popes are elected by the Sacrd j College sitting in what is called a ; Con- , slave, so called from a Latin word j Much means a room or cage that can ] be locked up. According to the strict. f Istter'of the .law (to'again quote from ( Mr. Sladen!s'book),jany 'Roman ; Catbo- ( !±c malo '13" eligible for" tlio Papacy i John XIX (elected in- 1024), arid poVhaps .'Hadrian - V (1276) were actually laymen-.' 'VII, the" 'famotV- : { liudebrahd,' was ofily a deacon at his ♦ electron; but since 'the time of Nicholas t 11. the last Pope but one before 1 Gro ( gory -Vllj' there'have only been nino f Popes who were -not . already Cardinals ( Smco the- great 'Schism, which lasted 1 from 1378 to 1409, all the Popes except J three'have been Italian's; before that-, i time numerous foreigners were elected i After-the Conclave (i;e., the'Hempor 1 ary budding in which the. Cardinals w- \ shut up from the. outer world while the 1 election is going on) has been got ready ' and all _other preparations concluded. 1 Cardinals are installed in' 'their- c cells. Then , (according 'to the descrip- ( tion of the. election of Llo XIII) ihev f Cappolla Paolina to chanl ' •" t ni Creator,"' after whioh all th<> c officials who remain in the Conclaro ( , pledge themselves to seorecy regarding < the proceedings. All the entrances are t then, walled up except one, and this i» £ . locked both outside and in. The im- £ pnsonment is thus begun which- must t continue until the new Pope is elected c o. Cardinal Camerlengo being tho i caoler, and having'some 260 persons in a his care. These include the Cardinal, secretaries, valets, barbers, a carpenter, a locksmith, a. mason (each with an-as-sistant), a glazier, a plumber, cooks, assistants,.and other servanfci At ®e election.of Leo-XIII the Si's- , tme Chapel was converted into the bal- < JotiM hall. Above the stalls. 64 bal- c dachins had been erected and 64-little' i tables stood in front of .the seats. In ? tho middle of the square sis' othfr c tables had been arranged upon which o the electors were to write their votes I All being ready, the Master of Cere- i monies called "All out,V after which he himself left with the secretaries, and

mt was taken. *H. f are folded 111 three. On tho top part of the form are . printed 4U Cnrdinnlis," and here tho Cardinal who in voting writes his n , a ™ 9 - On . the middle, is printed "T elect Cardinal —— to be Sovereign rope. Here the elector writes the name of the candidate for whom ho wishes to vote. The bottom is 'nffc empty, and_ there the elector inscribes a device and a number. The ballots are deposited in a gold clialico on. a large table _ before the altar. It is seldom that the first Vote (jives the necessary_ two-thirds majority. Unless .it does the second commences im-. mediately. Im? enables votes given to one. who seems to have no chance to be transferred to one of the other Cardinals. If- these "votes of accession'' combined with those of the fitst ballot give any Cardinal a two-thirds majority a minute verification commences. If the Cardinal who appears to hi> cloclnd has- received- exactly two-thirds of the votes nn 1 not ono more he is asked to reveal Tlis number and device, which hps to be verified in order to prove that he has not voted f<\r himself, which would . invalidate , his majority. Tho ballots are then burnt in the crate. If the vote is not decisive a little damn straw is thrown on the flames, which canses a thick volume of smoko to arise from the chimney, and allows the crowd in the Piazza of St. Peter's to know tlis>.t the Papacy is still vacant.When one of the Cardinals is elected the baldachins • above tho'stalls of .the others are. at onco folded up as'a token that the interregnum has elapsed from tliat n'oment. The' elected Cardinal ■ is then asked, "Dost thou accept thy election of the Sovereign Pontificate made in accordance with the pontifical rules?" To this he replies, "Since flod wishes that I should assumo the Pontificate, I am unable to say nayp" He is then aske.d what, name lie wishes to take, for since 9/55 .A..D., when the young Getavian, Patrician of Rome, assumed with the Pontificate tho name of John XII, it has been the custom of all Popes,, except Hadrian. VI nndlTnrcellus 11, to change their Christian names; oil their accession. The new Pone then puts on tho Pontifical vestments. and . the Cardinals kneel .before liim. This is the first obedience. After this' the result of the election is announced to the people from the balcony of St. Peter's. Siib=eniientlv tho new Pope bestows his blessing on the city and the . world—"urbi et orbi.'.' He then goes back to his throne in the

Sistine Chapel, where the Cardinals again kneel before him. This is the second obedience. Until the Italians conquered Rome newly-elected Popes used to proceed to St. Peter's to receivo for a third time the homage of tho Sacred College, but the third obedience was paid to Leo XIII in the Sistiue, the fourth in the Sala Ducale. It is from the day on .which they assume the tiara, arid not from tho day on which they are elected that the Popes since the eleventh century have dated their pontificates; but in theory their authority receives •no increase from their coronation, which confers only its insignia, the tiara distinguished by three crowns arid worn by the Popes since the thirteenth century. . As Leo XIII was borne from the Sala Ducale to tho Sistine Chapel, on official thrice over burnt wisps of tow on the end of a staff, saying "Holy Father, thus passes the glory of the world. , ' The idea is to remind him at the/moment of receiving the insignia of supreme greatness of the , vanity of glory Mass is then celebrated, and the Dean of the Order.of Cardinal Deacons hands I the Pone, a little scarf of wool called the Pallium, saying: "Recoivo thou tho sacred Pallmm, the fullness of the' Pontifical Office, for the honour of Almighty God, and the most glorious Virgin .Mary. His Mother, and the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and the Holy Roman Church." Wearing the Pallium, the Pope mounts the Pontifical throne and the Cardinals: again pass before him, paying the fifth and last obedience. -_In crowning the Pope with the Tiara, the Dean of the Cardinal Deacotii says: 'Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns, and know that thou art the rather of Princes and Kings, the Rector of the Universe, the Vioar of our Saviour Jesus Christ, !who possesses honour and glory from century to century. Amen." The above, account is based on the proceedings at the election of Leo XIII which Mr. Sladen tells us was conducted on the strict lines of Conclave etiquette as laid down by Gregory XV. A number of change* were made at the conclave that resulted in the election of Pius X. : • . l

THE SACRED COLLEGE

-' ITALIAN OPINIONS . ' OBJECTIONS TO A.FOREIGN POPE. , The position regarding tie election of .a new Pope, already somewhat compli- , be -complicated still further by the war! In the early part of this year_there were reports of a ditterence of opinion between the Pope Italian Government in reference to the possibility that a foreigner might be selected as the next Pope. His Holiness was well aware, it was stated, tJiat the presence of twenty-five foreigners o as against twenty-nine Italians, ur the Sacred College, implied the possibility of a foreign Pope. This outicofc. the Paris "Gaulois ,, asserted, was displeasing to the Quirinal, and ocoasioned alarm among tho Roman aristocracy ae well as among the high officials of King Victor Emanuel's Government. Pius X ignored representing made to ,him "with infinite tact," by emissaries from all sections of society in Rome... The mere suggestion that we successor to the reigning Pontiff ,might not turn.out to be an'ltalian, it was added; had for .once solidified all tactions in Rome There was general panic at a.report, given with reserve m_ the '_Tribuna,".to the ; ,effcet that. ilis Holiness saw no reason "why his successor in the Chair of St. Peter should be an Italian., The death of Cardinal Kopp.;g!V7 i e ) .ijasg.;tt| ( shisiPflntifieal.i remark. ■ ■ • ••..-. -■ ■' . -■■ . ■ .-.. :, Pontloflal Speculations. , Pius X-ascended the Pontifical throne with an "idea that the' Cardinals ought to be distributed with sumo approach to equality among the nations'!of the world. He was'quoted as haying said, four or five years ago, to-a Belgian ecclesiastic, that the preponderance of Italians among the wearers of the red hat.was an anomaly. By reducing the number,of Italians and increasing• the number of Germans and those from English-speaking nations free expression would be given (he is said to have held) to the fact, that the Church is catholic. ■in e i ?°, nti(ical speculations, the Paris * braulois .declared, gave such greatdispleasure to Roman society, besides alarming the Italian .Government, that the matter was discreetly dropped. It was noticed, , nevertheless, that out of thirty-si* creations of cardinals (prior to this year) by the late Pope, only thirteen , were Italians, while twenty-rthree were foreigners. The Pope • according to "Current Opinion," proved an_equally indifferent Italian in his distribution of exalted posts at the Vatican : Tho Romane have been trained to regard the Church as: in one sense a national patrimony. The great church edifices, the art treasures accu-mulated-through the ages, the pontifical dignities, and the very soil of thoVatican, despite the law of guarantees, are appanages of the Italian people. A correspondent of .the "Independence Beige/ , ' Brussels, expressed the opinion ; while the subject was under discussion, that whether the Austrian veto, might be deemed to be abolished or not, there would be an Italian veto of a non-Italian Pope. The Bishop of Rome, according to the "Tribuna," must be an Italian. "'..-. . Appointments This Year. The Sacred College at present consists of 68 Cardinals, fourteen of whom were appointed in May last Previously there wore twenty-nine'ltalian Cardinals, and twenty-five non-Italians. Of the fourteen new appointments, five were Italians, and nine non-Italians, so -tliat Italians and foreigners in the Sacred College aro now evenly balanced in point of numbers. Two British Cardinals were appointed in May, Dr. Francis. Aidan Gasquet, Abbot President of the English Benedictines, and Mgr. Louis N. Beqiiin, Archbishop of Quoted. Tho five Italian Cardinals apnointecf at the eame time were;:—Mgr. Serafini, Assessor of the/Holy Office Delia Chiesa. and Archbishop of Bologna; Mgr. Guistini, Secretary of the Congregation of the Sacraments; Mgr. Michple Lega. Dcnn of the Tribunal of the Rota; and Mgr. Lecchi, Assessor of the Colfsistorial Congregation. The remaining seven Cardinals consisted of Mgr., GuUasola, Y. Menendery, Archbishop .of Toledo; Mgr. Czernoch, Archbishop of Esterzom, and Primate of Hungary; Mgr. Sevin, Archbishop of Lyons;. Mgr. von Hettinger, Archbiehop of Munich; Mgr. Eartrhann, Archbishop of Cologne; Mgr. ' Piffl, Archbishop of Vienna; and Mgr. Bello, Arohbishop of Lisbon.