MEN OF THE MOMENT

Dominion, Volume 7, Issue 2221, 6 August 1914, Page 5

MEN OF THE MOMENT

Commander-in-Chief :of the . , NAVY ' '

Admiral Sir George.'Astley • Callaghan„ K.C.8.;, G.C.V.O.> Commap of the Home. Fleet of: the .British Nary,.was born in Cork oh Dkember 21, 1652, and joined th'p . Navy *at hn early age. t He rose to the'rank.of captain,in ISM. and commanded, in turn,, the Hermiohe, Endymion, Edgar, .'Caesar, 1 omd '"'Prince of .Wales. He was: Natal' Adviser to the Inspector-General, from • 1891 to 1897, and commanded the Naval Brigade in China for the :relief of .legations, Peking,: in. > 1900.: " He 'later held tho , Aidf-ae-Camp to King Edward . VII. > afterwards;,ho reached flag rank, being.Bear-Admiral of the Channel Fleet in 1906;"'.'; From 190" to 19C8, he was Mii command of the Fifth Cruiser Squadron,;,dnd frpin .MOO- until 1910 he ivas second'in'command of the j Mediterranean Fket.: this latter period he was knighted,., In: 1910 he was promoted to the command of the Second Division Home Fleet,'irad; on „the retire-, nient, of. Sir Franois'Bridgeman, in, November, 1911, he' Succeeded to the post of Cominatider-in-Ghief; ? He was decorated with-the Grand Cross, of-the Victorian • Order... in 1912;. • His -other decorations include those" of' Grand Officer of the Crown Of Italy, and Grand.Officer of the Lesion of Honour.',' '- .* BRITISH ARMY CHIEF. General Sir Charles'Whictingham Horaley Douglas, Chief- of- the Imperial General Staff of tto British Array, has., had a , distinguished Wecr. He joined the 92nd Highlanders; in 1869,' and as adjutant served during, the Afghan War, 1879-80. He was present at -thi. actions of Chsirasieb and SherpUr, and*.took part in the historic march from Cabul to Kandahar. He . was also present ;at the action of Kandahur, where his.horse Was shot under. him,, and, was mentioned-, in dispatches, and later served in the Gordon Highlanders iiT; the Boer War of 18801881, being present'at the' Battle of Majuba; He wris again mentioned in dispatches during • the ■'. Suakim Expedition, and, ,oa Chief Staff-Officer of tho First Division of - the. South African Field Force, in 1899, took part , in the Battle of Magersfontein.' Subsequently he oom- . manded the 9th Brigade and a column ot all arms in the late'-Boer'War, • being twico .mentioned in dispatohes. : For his services,' lie was promoted, to the rank of,.. Major-General, :.aud ; [received the Queen's medal with four - clasps. From 1901't0'1909 he filled the position of Second Military Member of the Army, Council and Adjutant-General to tho Forces, and from 1909-12 was General Officer Commanding in the chief Southern command, and-later Inspector-General, of tlie Home When. Sir Jphri French resigned the\position of : Commander-in-Chief on account of the -Irish' trouble in March last." Sir Charles Douglas was appointed to fill the vacancy. . '.-. t The French. Battle Fleet. Admiral Boue do Lape'yrero; Command-er-in-Chief of '~the French Battle Fleet, was born at the illage of/Catsera-Lectou-rois, in the South-west of France, in ! 1853, and Consequently;: hails-; from the. same district as the last-French' President, M. Fallieres. Tho Admiral TiaS in ' his time held commands , in more waters than falls to the lot.of most French officers. Tho Far East, Iceland, the Atlantic, the Baltic, and" the Mediterranean have bfeen in turn the' scenes of his scr- > vice during the last thirty years, and since" September, 1912, Tio has held the rank of Commander-in-Chief. • This means that in tho present timo of war he has supremo direction, under the Ministry, of Marine, of the naval' forces of France. As a young commander, in China,'the Admiral had the opportunity,... rare „for Frenchi naval officers, or seeing active service. ; He was in charge of a .flotilla of hastily-armed steamers at the battle of FoorChow, - and .distinguished himself - by his courage and' initiative. One Chinese gunboat he captured-by boarding, himself loading;'the. attacking party. Admiral Boue de Lapeyrete is a strong advocate. of the system of personal control of a naval-commander over his fleet, exercised from the fighting-lino itself. He -has been termed the Sir: John Fisher of. the L r ronch Navy. Energetic, popular with his subordinates, and a close student of the lessons of modern naval warfare, he is a good example of the best qualities of the' French sailor.' In. France .it; is never doubted that the leadership of the French Navy in case of war has been entrusted to good and capable hands. France's Generalissimo. General Joffre, Goneraliss'mo and Chief of the General btaff of. the French Army, was born in 1852 in the Pyrenees, and savr active service as early ns any French officer now living; While he was still, a cadet of 18 the Franco-German war broke out, and his .military, studies were in. terrupted at once., Hastily promoted to the rank, of second-lieutenant, < young Joffre was attached to : a, regiment of artillery, aud-'took part in the defence of Paris during the 6iege. It was as • a sapper, however, that lie spent the greater part of his career. In the Tonkin campaign, in the .Far East, he built' forts under, the direct fire of the Chinese' troops. Then he. wis stationed, in French Indo-China, and fought a campaign there. Pinaly hu sa-w; aotiva service, /~vund

I v . Timbuctoo, before>returning; to :a com-. 1 mand-in. Pans. ... General Joffre was ap- {. , pointed- Generalissimo in July; 1911, after I a Government ensis which cost the Monis ... 'Cabinet its. political lifo. Until ho was appointed thoro had boen-for.many.years., no Commander-in-Chief of-.'tho French; Army. -Tho Moms: Cabinet ,was attacked foe. overlooking .this 'important .detail, : and the explanation was that it wm not thought wise,to decide on a Generalissimo •1 before the actual (Outbreak-.of war. -./Tho admissjon led. to "the of tho Cabinet. '.■•■■ The Caollaux Cabinet'succeeded under a r- pledge R> .fill: tho gap, and ehoso.,General j Joflre. The latter is described as a strong, K- never (even 1 in-"mufti),, looks l i ■: anything but.a soldior, possossiEg "a good «• •; liead for. ft watch-dojO -calm, -yot' always f ready to bitoA' .; In- Sugiist, 1913,. with • !:■■'' •'. staff,, he visited Russia to , i watch the armv manoeuvres, and whilo i thoro he'tecejvod'the Onlor of -St. Alexander Nevski. • . .- German High Soas Fleet. .... Vice-Admiral Frictlnch -Von -.Ingenohlj Commander ofi tlie:f.German--High' Seas ; ': 1 Pleet.Uliko'iVoii. Jitearly jallj- ; .mportnnt men-m tlie'German "Navy,- is'- ; cf -commoner- was- born., &t'. 1 • wonwied in 18o7; son, of a I tradesmih and : .'Entering- • l;;. ctf^ffigates.known' • j V' ds .the'.Q'dfmanX 1 I;:-.';: spent- yeaisf 'in;.'it;?;And; has'-'fiseri' j rapidly through thei-sUccessivo 'grades,of"■> a,, ! cadet, he saw-. whr^service: m the school- ! ship Vmeta,. 1 which.. participated with • j . -ether Germaif vessels in ! .the;interriatiohal demonstratioh : -;undertake^:.' Against' , tho i ; Chinese 'in 1876 .to .stamp, out -piracy.;in I I'ar'Eastern waters. 111 1895, while.com-; s j - . mawlirig'th'a.'gunboat'lltisJ at the'close..of" j ii-. tho Chiuo-Japanese.War, -it - fell .to Von ! Jngenohl's lotitoisilonce Chinese, forts at f: of siillep.. i ■ Unwillingness toi 'acknpwledge • Japanese [;■.. Wer .Pormosa, had shelled a f : German steamer: . containing Chinese. |. '.' tuops-and; Stat?), funds. The Admiral ' • also toot f.avtvin.. hisi -vouth m: several ?nmtivo{expeditions to tho . Alricau. coasts. n,l9ol,'afters;'tliMet-yc'firs;/at; seaiin com- • 1. ■ . mnnd-'iof.' armoured- cruiseri, ; :the Eaiser , , :/.' • nppointcdr.'lum'!to.','tho..command.t,'oft,"thei I ■ ■ ■ Hohfenzollornv 111 .\whiehi he.. v accompanied, j, ! ■ liis : Sovercign''omn'iunerous i!np<)i'taiit'.voy.- n h .'j. nges. In-1908 he. was;g]Lven. tho titleiot -a. i 1 iiaval aide-dS-tfaiip'to th?. Kaisei,'4nd 111 . >- 1908 became -an 'Admiral .Ol'tlie-Hmh t Ple6t.:.:'.On . tlie!.occnsiou;oy.the iKaiser s. L •: birthday in.l9o9;'the .Adnliraljwas'aw-ard-. - i y:; ed the raijk.o£'nobilitv,itho.ooTCted. '!von,'„ : <, !;•... 1 an(l::his""proniotion .ito.:the..-.Commanaei-r .- I.- : Bhip-m-Chief'-of the High"Seas>Pleefrtook.-. I -. placo..iu'iJauuaiT,:'.l9l3:r.i.j.:r:i;i . ' V \: ..:•' .•-■••> J . 1 : , .«Germany!'s..General.- . •• 1 ['••'•: General; Chief of . L the Geueral-Staffr,of.,the':G'crman.;jVi-my,;. ['•'"was!torn": ill ; ~in- • !■,: i 'May,' 1848, "and'served,.as. an;:adjutant to • ■'•Ins.distinguishM'xlnclie)'the Count,-attfhe I .General, Staft. from '1881.until the PieldI'•• death' inOlSOK'i escort-: . 'William' informed": the "then Major Von, Moltke that lie had decided to elevate lum . ' to the-rank.'of.-a personal- aide-defCamp. in ;; Kaiser^en-; j' ■ / tour.'aga"were.'succeeded; by. regimental;and.I . divisionalcommands:in tho.Guards, untile [■. jn 1904, Emperor iWilliam cteatsd a ( Quaj--. • : ■ -at |( . the -. General V;:. :S taif; 'hi tH'er to;"' r i ii"'Tiyar" tiiije. ■ , |. »tnd'designated.yqniMoltke it.- •'• , Thenceforth ho was 'looked',upon as sue:. ; lessor to the Chief:. Command,, in which: •v ' ■■■' position he . Schlie£fen I .on ■ January-1,,190G. -The-.-Ifaiser offered , i -: Oiim t]ie 'Imperial .Chancellorship ; when, j iTrince Bulow. fell, but: "VonvMoltke, bp-, c- Sieving that,ai soldier- should sticfcito his ;.. j trade, • declined the invitation. : :Thougli . | ' Jie contrived to-keep.himself thoroughly 1 nn : the background, 1 , his .powerful mitia- ■ I'tive and releiltless perseTeranpe. are known 1 ■ ■ to 'have been the .influence chiefly lespon- , | -;-.1 aible.for .tho,.'vast, ' took placo in the peace establishment :cf I.v-ihe..German Armly at'a.togt of J850,000,000. ~ }•; \He won the> Iron Grossi-in'the Pianco- ■ I'russian caulpaign. : i. ■ !-• King-Albert.•!-of; Belgium, :;l wlio is in i command-of. tho Belgian .Army, was born ut Brussels:on-Apn^.-.8,w18.75,>and 6UCr k ceeded torthe throne; on. the death of his i -ancle,' Leopold 11,. m/1909. ;Ho has held !' the' l 'ranks.-of, Genera], of t)io, Prussian '. Cavalry i and Commander of,' tlio Second Bcgunent of Prussian'.vDragoons.;-. ' Grand Duke Nicholas. ?.• : The Grand'/ Duke ■ Nioholas r: vitch, Commander-in-Chief of the :Bussian Army, ;, . was'barh: at. St. Petersburg I"-': in 'November,- '1856, '.ond.'.besides:.holding- ." -tho rank\of:.Aide-do-Cflinp-General, 'and j..,;. numerous. anny : '. commands,' 'has- 'been j• ' President of'the: Council of-National:De- ■ {fence. A' cable; received;-',last night'- says i: - appointment 19/ welcomed m, Russia, f- ... as-he has contributed, much;'to'the re- ■ i '■':''.' cent'military revival;- vHo" is ainan' of I , iron constitution and wil!,-.«ind is-a : born ; cavalry. leadei 1 ..Maval .Commander-inrChiefi : 1 ■ Vice-Admiral Sir John.Rushworth Jellij ioe, .who has .just been'apjpointed, to/be ; >Admiral uncharge of ,the. Home Pleats; !1$ ; tnd'supreine.vcommander, of .-the, .British 1 yiaval forces in the'North-Sea, is 65 years j 'of age, and hasten stcond:Sea Lord of '"iho. Admiralty since 1912. Ho,,was cdu;afced"at"Eottingdcafi, • and in the forty-'two.-years since'io first-;entered th^»Navy ; . .;-;• ."'liaSseen much' Varied: service.'' He',served'.; I - .;; .'Egyptiaii : War. dndvivas. f;, commander! of the .Victoria, when eha was- : Bunk after collision with the ! .Camperdomi v ■;';. in the Mediterranean''i'n 1893. \ ( tho •: .Boxer rising ;lie-.served -in China; and ;:. - commanded ■the'Nayal -Brigade, dispatched' to : the .relief'of 'tlie'.^P.ekfiig-Legation's in i; . ; 1900;?{: At"• tliis tim>; lie "also acted, as Chief , , of Staff to Vioe-Admiral Sir E. Seymour. • - Heiurniiig .to. Bntauii* he was, Director of i Naval. Ordnance from IOOd- to - 1907-. In ■ thoi.-'latte'r'ycar ,: hc. was' liiadeiasEoar-Adr. :•..' inital-'; : . ; 'Atlantic:, ' •: veiivhe.bccainc a. Lord Com- !. nifssion'er of tho. Admiralty, and.Control- - ler of the Jsavy.' Li 1910 came appomt- ' ment to the command of .'the 'Atlantic i Pleetj'aml 111 1911 of {he Secoud Squadron of:.the.Home {Fleet. . , , ,'Sir .Tolm Jellicoo: was .made a Knight t Commander ofthe-'Bath: in-1911,■ having !". pjeyiouslyf-bepn appointed a Knight Com- ! jnander.-.ofVthe'lloyar. Victorian'Order'in,; i.L' ; .1507: ':Curioufl:f'eiiough;;:ftm6n£,his many* L.;.-, decorations, he possesses, one'bestowed by' .' - the GernJant.-Enfj)cf6i'-- : :tlie :-'Order-'of the, k ' fdiv China. ; t , Naval Chief , of. Staff. ' ! Hear-Admiral.. Edward Jtadden, I. ■.. who.-lias ib'eeiv,appointed Chief'of Staff, to ' the British -Aavnl Commander-in-Chief, f' ■ hiis lieen :iUicoi\iriiandi of the''Third 'Gruis'-. ;: or? Saundron'since ;1912. ,no, was.Fourth 1 . Sea- Lord of-thci'Admiralty. in (1910, and p' . : tho; following, year *\vas. aiipoiiited,, to .the., conunuiid of .tho .Home Fleet., ••• , ....

"MADE IN GERMANY" j

i HOW THE WAR' AFFECTS CERTAIN 'i . ; IMPORTS."' •How • will > the great 'European • war—in I which England .hss.nonventcrcd—affect ;.. - ■ our import trade in>German products ? Mr.' D; A. Ewen;-managing director in "Wellington, .for; Snigood,* ,San;*'aiid. Bifen, who are Mneral importers of-<soft goods, ' -/ancy .pjds,, and hardware, states that'the .. f chief -lines-imported - . from :Germany' ,are • i fancy .goods," toys,, and? Gerihnn hosiery., • Germany .is/the-great, toy. shop, of ;tho, • ' world;-and' practically.'.-the;whole'of- the . ; civilised..."world,.depended:on;her', factor-. ' ( ire'for-their- toys.-If'-tho wari,were pro-- . ' longed We would probably lirtveUo;'look ' elsewhtee' for our»-.;'Chnstmasf:;ftUpply. I'ianos were, of course, an-important-line, in Glr-' .• man wereveverpvfierei and even manyrofrthe .alleged"; British: pi&nos,were, furnished with" German "interiofs.'; 'TheyBade,.pianos of,all gradevbuttuThed outT 1 dhe. cheaper, lines ill .'great, numbers.. Both 4nfpiaribs'an(l : .fancy : .g6Ms;We'-wbUd be !• force'd'.tp.'seeK whdt wasjreqiilred.rio'w in England and America.' /'.■'•■•. ; ,-y WithtlVrince.,at" war, Mr. : , Ewen opined ► - that the trade in stuffs/glove's, and. millinery would 1)0 very considerably ; interfered.with. , ,It ; ..fortunate, ~per-| ; haps, ,that all the ,warehouses■ held big I stocks.' "AU'-ihe summer, goods' I ha'd.arriyed, and. we were in consequence' [' . well-set' up for goods,for six'"months to. ' ' ' como'at least.;, ... ."" 1 • In hardware, not jmich dependence,. it is "stated, is placed in. German. goods, aci ccfding'to .one.Jocal merchant, Tlicrowcre ' > ■ certain lines 'of German: ' manufactures, !, . that were'regularly stbeked,, such as. ceri , tain, .cheap"line's ;of, tools,'-lamp shades, ! cotton-belting, dyes, filters,.but there was nothing, that could not' be obtairiI <xllioth in England : arid America by pay- | , littlo more money, ' ~'