TURKISH FORCES REPULSED.

Dominion, Volume 6, Issue 1580, 25 October 1912, Page 5

TURKISH FORCES REPULSED.

HEAVY FIGHTINfi AT-ADRIANOPLL

By Tolcrrapli—Press Association—Copyright (Rec. October 25, 0.5 a.m.) Belgrade, October 24. General Janovics, with thu Third Servian Army, lias secured Novi Bazar after three days' desperate fighting, tho Turks holding a strongly fortified position. The committee of (ho Serriitn National Bank has brought ,£11,200,01)0 in cash to Nish, tho Servian railwny centre The war chest will be augmented by a further .£BOO,OOO to-day. Tho money is being kept in an abandoned mosque. Belgrade, October 24. Tho Third Servian Army which is operating in Northern Albania is officially stated to have captured the town of Novi Baznr, after stubborn fighting. Tho Servians havo also captured Prishtinn, half-way between Novi Bazar and < Uskub, after hard fighting. Tho Turkish forces at Kumanovo, near Uskub, who arc opposing the advance of the main Servian Army in Macedonia, destroyed tho chief bridge and many smaller ones over the river there. They also destroyed the railway, which Servian sappers repaired. Tho Second Servian Army has occupied Straenicn, a village half-way between Kumnnoro and the Bulgarian border. The column, which occupied Egri Pnlanka on the Bulgarian border, 35 miles from Kumanovo, has divided: one portion has gone to Karatovn and the other to Kochana. Servian wounded state that the Turkish guns and ammunition are far inferior to the Servian. It is significant that noneof the Servians were wounded by artillery fire. The charge is made that the Turks are not observing the Geneva Convention, and hnvo been guilty of other infractions of the laws of humanity. Most of tho bullet wounds are serious, owing to the Albanians using .450 Martini bullets.

TURKS DEFEATED.

DRIVEN BACK BY GREEK ARMY. FORCE OP 20,000 DISLODGED. Athens, October 23. General Danglis's army, after a foTced march, at midnight on Monday attacked the Turks in the denies of the Sarantaporo River, between Elassona and Serfijo. There was vigorous resistanco from tho Turks, vrho aro now withdrawing to Serfije, 42 miles north-west by north of Larissa. The result is unknown. Twenty-two battalions of Turks, with six batteries of artillery, havo been driven back on Serfije.(Rec. October 24, 10.C p.m.) Athens, October 24. Twenty thousand Turks with six batteries were entrenched on tho Sarantaporo River, and made a stubborn resistance on tho morning of Tuesday, which was continued through the day and in the moonlight.

During the night a flying column of the Greek third mid fourth divisions made a flank movement on the Turkish left, and when daylight revealed the plan the Turks fled precipitately, leaving a quantity of baggage. The Greeks hotly pursued the enemy through the defiles of the river. On Wednesday evening the Greeks occupied Serfije, and also a bridge over the Halikmon River, threatening the Turkish retreat. Before abandoning Serfije the Turks massacred seventy Greek priests. Tho Greeks have advanced their headquarters to Khankhitzizoga. The troops are- in the highest spirits. The Croint Prince reports that 22 guns have been captured and much ammunition. The transport of the Turkish array has been scattered, and the pursuit continues. General Danglis reports that the Turks lost heavily, and many prisoners were made, including a lieutenant-colonel. Two battalions of Evzones, under Lieut.Colonel Constantopulos, attacked two battalions near Vlakholivado, ten miles south-east of Serfije, destroying them. The impetuosity of the Greek centre at Elassona did not give the Evzones (highlanders) time to turn the Turkish flank, and caused tho failure to capture three thousand Turks. < Tho Crown Prince's horse was ehot under him. LANDING NEAB SALONIKA. Constantinople, October 23. Greek troops have Teached ICaterina, in tho Gulf of Salonika, irith tho object of cutting off the Turks making- for Serfije. Other reports state that the Greeks are bombarding Prevesa, at the entrance to the Gulf of Artn, and that the Turkish fleet ia preparing .to raid tho Aegean Sea.' OCCUPATION OF LI3MNOS. Athens, October 23. Five hundred Greeks have occupied Kastro, on the west side of the Turkish island of Lomnos, in the Aegean Sea, capturing threo officers am! forty-two men. This enables the Greeks to cut the Salonika cable, and forces Macedonia to depend on wireless telegraphy. BRITISH STEAMER SEIZED. Athens, October 23. Greek torpedoors seized the British steamer Penpol, 20G1 ton 9, belonging to the Penpol S.S. Co., Falmoulh, her cargo being contraband. A DESTROYER DAMAGED. London, October 23. The Greek destroyer Kera, when entering Dover to coal, collided with the pier, llor boivs were badly'damaged.

BULGARIAN ADVANCE. ", K

FURIOUS FIGHTING NEAR j ADRIANOPLE. AEROPLANE PLIGHT. ! Sofia, October 211. Tt is officially announced that there is ( fighting to-dny along tho whole front. ' The Bulgnrians reached the Anla redoubt, ' westward of Adrianople. The Turks fled ] in disorder, leaving a Initulred dead. Sov- 1 eral ndvnnced positions northward of 1 Adrianople. were captured after furious J fighting, tho Turks fleeing precipitately, ■ and leaving many killed behind. When ■. the fighting was at tho heaviest in the I north-east, a Turkish force sovtied and o whs annihilated. jStarting Ivoiu ■ Mustafa. Fuslia &n »ero. i

AFTER THE WAR,

SERVIANS CAPTURE TWO TOWNS.

FORCE OF 20,000 DISLODGED BY GREEK ARMY.

plnno made a flight in the direction of Adrinnople. Turkish outposts failed to "it it, and it made half an hour's reconiinissnnce and returned to safety. Bulgarian troops have occupied Vasiliko, a Turkish town on the Black Soa const ten milos south of tho Bulgarian frontier, and are advancing along (he coast to Visa.

TURKISH FLEET RETURNS. Constantinople, October 23 Ilio Turkish fleet has returned to the Bosphonis, leaving tho torpedo flotilla to blockade Bulgarian ports. DEFENCE OF SCUTARI, POSITION CLAIMED TO BE IMPREGNABLE. (Rec. October 24, 10.15 p.m.) Constantinople, October 21. Essad Pasha's positiou at Scutari is considered impregnable. The Montenegrins cannonading of Tarabosch has been remittees. Tho Turkish artil cry has dismounted three Montenegrin field batteries. WEATHER CAUSES DELAY. (Rec. October 24, 10.15 p.m.) Cetinje, October 24. w m ti i. T y rain have int «f«ed *ith tho bombardment of Tarabosch. UNRELIABLE NEWS. NO CORRESPONDENTS AT THE FRONT, ■«...' London, October 23. btnet censorship prevents reliable information regarding the progress of tho war. Ihe official statements of both sides invariably claim victory. Eiehtv correspondents ore held up at the Buipinan headquarters at Eski Saghra, fifty miles from Adrianople, where only an echo of tho war is heard. ALARM IN ST. PETERSBURG. HUMOUR OF GERMAN W\R PREPARATIONS. (Rec. October 24, 10.6 p.m.) St. Petersburg, October 24. There hag been a heavy slump on the Bourse in consequence of reports of German war preparations.

INTERVENTION BY THE POWERS. Paris, October 23. rho newspapers state that Jf. poin. care, the Prime Jlinistcr, is directing diplomatic regotiations with tho object of intervention by the Powers in,the Balkans after decisive operations iiavo occurred. Jlli. MASTERMAN EXPLAINS.

London, October 23. Jfr. C. F. Jlasterman, Financial Secretary to the Treasury, replying to a question in the House of Commons, safd his speech at Bethnal Green had been distorted. Ho hal carefully emphasised Britain's strict neutrality.

?^ r ' was reported to hove said that if Britain had another unity 01 intervention she must not as in 18(8, put her money on the wrong

PLACES OF THE WAR.

A,GAZETTEER OF THE BALKANS. TrjEKEr. Eulor.—Mohammed V. Area.-Turkey in Europe; 63,350 square .?' %- m a ' oW of. Turkish BihpSS square miles I> a!n ti °"iM J -'r 1: ? V, 1 , Eur °P e: 6.130,- ■ «o°. tal ot lu, - kish *"#"•■ THE ALLIES. Area in PopuOr««. r Un ?' S «' Mil «s. lation. Sem 2-1,380 4,329,000 Montenegro Nicholas I 3.G30 250,000

.' r ° ta l 71,674 10,123,000 For the purpose of comparison it may bo mentioned that the area of tho North island of New Zealand is 44,468 square Sre?nls° ftheSoUtlllSlMa ' *«

Adrianople, capital of tho province of Adriauople, Turkey; 137 miles by rai from Constantinople, about 20 miles by ? { ro '" B,ll eU"an frontier.. Pop. (1005) about 80,000. of whom half m J " and half Jews,, Greeks, Bulbars, Armv». iaus, etc. Adnanoplo ranks, after eonslantmoplo und Salonika, as tho third city ot European Turkey. It is the chief fortress near the Bulgarian frontier, bein.? defended by a ring of powerful modern forts. It occupies both banks of the river lunja at its confluence with the Mantra, which is navigable to this point. In appearance- it is thoroughly Unontal—a mass of moan, irregular build1115s, threaded by narrow, tortuous streets with a few better buildings. The city has an active general trade, and the surrounding country is extremely fertile.

Albania, a portion of tho Turkish Empire extending along tho western shore ot the Balkan Peninsula from the southern frontier of Montenegro to the northern confines of Greece. Albania is perhaps tho least Known rpfion in Europe. The wild and inaccessible character of the country, tho fierce and lawless disposition of the people, the difficulties presented by their language and complex social institutions, and the inability of t!;e Turkish authorities to afford a safe conduct in tho remoter districts, combine to render Albania almost unknown to the foreign traveller. The population is estimated at between 1,500,000 and 1,G00,000, of whom about 1,200,000 are Albanians. Of other races, the Slavs (Servs and Bulgars) are most, numerous ami possibly number 250.000. Tho Greeks are estimated at 100,000. The principal tribes are the Mir(liles, the Mi-shkodrak, the Dukajin. the Puka, the Malsia .Takovs, and two" others

who are all known under the general name of Malissori (highbinders). More than three-fifths of the Albanians are Moslems.

Belgrade, the capital of Servia. I'on. (1800), 69,007. lielgradn occupies a triangular ridge nr forelaiul washed on the north-west by the Save, and on the northeast by the Danube. It is a city of white honso'i among which a low groat public buildings, like the high school, national bank, national thealre, and the so-called Aev Palace, slam! forth prominently. After ISIM Belgrade was rupidlv transformed into a lmidern European town with wide streets, electric tramways, and e'.eetrie lighting, 'the bulk of the foreign trade of Servia paws through Belgrade, hut tho industrial output of tin? city itself is not loi-Ko owine to the scarcity both of .labour and eaniul,

Berano, a villngo in Turkey, a fowmi!< iron; Jloiilunrgriu frontier, and 39m. S.W nt i\ovi Unzar. Bnrano and Andriovibi « which is just over tho Jlontpiiewo („„ tier, ;\re 1 lie two principal villus of 11: \iis<ij(ivii-h (ribs, which W! ,s snlit inl (lie.se two parls by (he Treaty nf JJi-rlin. Cetinje, (lie caniUil of Alontonogro; i a narrow plum deeply sunk in (ho heal nt limi'sloiio mountains. «l n heicht < aiMft. al.ov e (lie mm. fop. •IJOO. Iho surrounding country is bni ami stony, ividi carefully cultivate patches oi rich red soil among tho cm ices of tho rock. Cetinje itself is littl iiiojo limn a „•„])«) rilltige, consistin o! a cluster nf whitiMvashcd iolUikos an some i)i)nilorn«l public buildings. A y> MR highway, yecardeil as a triumph u engineering, winds throiißli ll\o mownUiv pnssi* bptirpen Cclinje and (he Austria: sraport of t'nltaro, ami oilier |ood road ffive acfws to the iuier'iov. c (?| r ™"i a Inwn in Turkey, 17m vt. A. \\ .of Adrianople, on the iiiain rail way to Bulgaria. Constantinople, capilal of (he Turkis! Empire, situnfod on tho Bospliorns. Pop <" between 800,000 and 1,000,000, of who'i to about half nro Moslems, 150,000 Greeks an. and 1,10,000 Armenians. Djumaia Bala, a'town in Turkev oi ,si- fie Struma River, five miles from"tin ; oa unlgorinn border. Top., 6500. A roac runs from (ho Adrinnople-Salonika rail " way up the river into Bulgaria. Ali Nabii lie I'asha was reported a few days ago l< p f!!n'^" cln|? "•' lllc r ' mr wit:,l «n ann.i or -Iu,0(10 incn. Enri Palanka, a town in Turkey, on tin mam road from TJskub to Sofia, aboni . • ,Om .-, ls v , M- of Uf *" b - Pop- over 5000, | 10 mainly Christian Servians, lla Elassona, a town in Turkey, near tlu (! reek frontier, and 22m. N.W. of Larissa, me capital of the Greek province of Thes , ?;, A carriage road runs from Larissa to hlassona over tho Cambunian Jits bv tho pass of Jleluna. This is tho principal ' highway from Greece into Macedonia. Epirus, (ho south-western portion of Albania, adjoining tho frontier of Greece. Eski-Saghra (also Stara Zagora), the capital of a department of Bulgaria in Eastern Hnmclin, on the southern slopo of . the Karaja Jits., 70m. N.W. of Adriais nople, with which it is connected bv raila- , a |'iio.-t wholly destroyed during the Rurao,h lurkish war of 1077-78, and was rebuilt on a regular plan with wide streets radiatin* >-• lrom a fine central square. " Jamboli, a town in Bulgaria, 49 miles f *of Burgos by rail, and 55 miles north of Adrianople. Pop. (1906), 15 708 ■ TnrLm , a - iavrn of K «ropean J urltoj, in the province of Adrianople, •loin. J;, of Adrianople and 20m. S. of 111 loom?"?? >01 ' dCr -| ?°P-, (1905> nbont ib.OOO of whom about half are Greeks, and the remainder Bulgarians, Turks, and Jews. lurk lulisso is built near the headwaters of several small tributaries of the tly anil on the'western slope of tho Istrnnja Jtts. It owes its chief importance o its position at the southern outlet of tho Fakhi ddilo over these mountains, through which passes the - tttft!" , " Shu,,,la (B,,l^™)l ° i° r»l iiOVO, a . P rovi ««> of European ft Xiirkcy, comprising tho sanjak of TjJkub y in Macedonia, and tho sanjaks of Prizren I- r"n 1 -> B ? znr , in Northern Albania, y mPT M?)^^! lt J' 100 . 000 ! wea, 12,700 sq. a ml 51 ° - nha 7, tents ", re chiefly Albanians "'"1 Slavs, with smaller communities of Greeks, Turks, Vlachs, and gipsies. In the volume of its agricultural trade Kossovo is unsurpassed by any Turkish proi Ce - J- he M a } n of Kossovo is a long valley lying to the west of Prisktina. Kumanovo, a town in Turkey, IGm. N.E. of Uskub, on tho railway between Uslcu and jSish, Servia. Pop. (1905) 14,500 The main road from Macedonia into Bulgaria leaves tho - line of the railway a Xumanovo. '■• 5 ./Tp' ll, , a to,Tn of Macedonia, Euro- • pean Turkey, on tho Salonika-Mitr-.vitya Lnrissa, the most important town in the luikish frontier. Pop. (1907), 18,000 Lemnos, a Turkish island in the norof (he Algean Sea. Area estU mted at 150 sq. miles, the greater nortion beuig mountainous. Pop., about" 27V000 or whom 2000 are, Turks and the rest ln- C %i lh i°.f, e some Vol 'y Fertile val- ' fen T ho H 1 , 1 ?"!** nfTord pasture for '™f r± ep i ■?? Chief to «™ «>•* Kastw, pop 5000, which has an excellent harbour and Mndros on tho south coast. Macedonia, the ramo generally given to that portion of European which lies between Salonika and tho Bulgarian iSS /f i? 1, ™ 1 ?, onst t0 the B river llesta. (half-way between Salonika and Adrianople) and west to an ill-defined line west of Monashr. Pop. about 2,000,000. About 1,300,000 are Christens of various churches and nationalities: more 1«» 800,000 are Mnhommedan.s and <o,m Jews. The Jlnliommetlaiis aro mnmly Turks (about 500,000). There are about 130,000 Bulgars, 120,000 Albanian™ 3-1,000 gipsies, and 14,000 Greeks. (lonia is the principal theatre of tho struggle of nationalities in Eastern turopc. All the races which dispute the reversion of the Turkish posessions in Europe are represented within its borders. Ihe Turks, the ruling class, form less than a quarter of the population, and their numbers are steadily declining. The cm jittered racial struggle dates from tho middle pf tho 19th century. Until that period the Greeks, owing to their superior culture and privileged position, exercised n predominant influence. Mitrovitza, town in Northern Albania, lurkey, terminus of tho railway from Salonika; 22m. N.W. of Prishtina. Monastir, the second city of Macedonia, °" tho Salonika-Jronastir railway, «oin. r.nnnn Constantinople. Pop. 1905, about WJ.UUO It is the meeting place of roads from Salonika, Uskub, Durazzo, and Adrianople. Mustafa Pasha, a town in Turkey on the Slantza River, and 17m. W.N.W. of Adrianople, on the railway to Bulgaria. Nish, capital of the Nish department oi bervia, lying in a plain nmoiig the southern mountains. l'op. (1900) 2-1,451. Among Servian cities Nish is only surpnsed by Belgrade in commercial and strategic importance; for it lies nt the ))oint where .several of (he chief Balkan high-roads converge, and where the branch lino (0 Salonika leaves tho main iine between Belgrade and Constantinople. The headquarters and workshops of Hie Servian railways are in this (mvii. The surrounding hills have been fortified since ISSG.

Novi Bazar, a sanjak (county) of European Turkey, in the province of Kossovo Pop. (1!IO5) about 170,000. Novi Bazar is a mountainous region watered by the river Liiii, which flows northward iiito Bosnia About three-fourths of the inhabitants are Christian Serbs, and the remainder are chiefly -Moslem Albanians. The suiijnk is of geat strategic importance, for it is the N.W. part of the, Turkish Empire on the direct route between Bosnia (Austria) and iSnlunika, and forms a wedge of Turkish territory between Servia and Montenegro. The chief approaches from Montenegro and Servia have been strongly fortified by the Turks. Novi Bazar, capital of the above sanjiik, is a town of about 12,000 inhabitants!, on the site of the ancient Servian city of liassia. Philippopolis, capital of a department of Bulgaria, situated in (he midst of picturesque granite eminences on the right bank of the river Maritza; Mm. E.S.K bv rnil from Sofia, and 07 W.N.AV. of Adrinnoplo. Pop. (1906) ■15.572, of whom a largo majority arc Bulgarians, and (lie remainder chiefly Turks, Greeks, Jews, Armenians, or gipsies. The city is the centre of a remarkably fertile country, and is the chief commercial centre of Southern Bulgaria. Podgoritza, the largest town in Montenegro; on tho left bank of tho river Moracha, which strikes inland for 18 miles from tho shores of Lnke Scutari to Iho mountains of central and eastern Mnntenejjro. Pop. (MOO) about 5500. Spread out on a perfectly flat plain, Podorilza has two parts: the picturesque Turkish quarter, with its mosques ami ruined rnmp.irts, and the Montenegrin quarter built, since 1877, and containing a prison O nd an agricultural college. After Mug captured from Turkey in 1877. Poclgoritzn was recognised in 1878 as Montenegrin territory by Iho Treaty of Berlin.

Prevcsa, a seaport of Albania, European Turkey, at the onl.rnnco of tho Guff of Avtn. on the lonian Sea. J'op. (1005) l>soo, of H-Jioiii fnnr-Rfths arc C/iris(mn UVjumans or Greeks, mid unc-fifth Moslems. The. harbour is smnll, .tihl is closed to Inrge vessels by a bur of sand.

Prishtina, the chief town of a sanjak in the province of Kossovo, Albania. Eiiropean Turkey, and 3m. E. of Prishtjiia stntiuu, on tho Salonika-Mitrovitm rail- I -ov. Brithtiua is tho seat of a GovarnorJ

General, and of a, general of 1 division. J ho plain of Kossoro lies to the west. Salonika, capital of tho Turkish province of Salonika, in western Macedonia, ono of I he-principal seapnrls of south-eastern Kurope. ]> O p. (liiiO) about 1.'10.000, iueluiliii^sonic(io,ooo Sephanlie .lows, whoso ancestors lied in tho Kith century from hpam and Portugal. Tho citv lies at Iho head of tho Gulf of Salonika, on (ho Aegean Sea, and is picturesquely situated. I hero are electric tramways and a good water supply. All the import trade of Macedonia and fira-fhirds of that of AlWin. goes through Salonika. It is tho terminus of four railways. One goes west lo Monastir; one north to Mitrovitza, through (Jf-kulj; ono to Nish (Scrvia), DiToiig-h Uslaib; and (lie fourth'east to Constantinople. •

Scutari, capital of the Turkish province of Hint name, and principal city of Albania; on the south-eastern shore of Laitu Seutnri, on. tho confluence of the Drill mid Jfoyaim Hivers, M in. inland from tho Adriatic Ken. >. Pop. (IMS) about 32.000 The plain, in which (lie city is situated extends southwards lo Alcssio, and northwards to the Montenegrin frontier. It is enclosed by lofty mountains on every side except where it adjoins tho lake. *-

Sienifia, a town in Turkey, in the province of Kossovo, 27m. AV.N.W. of Kovi Uazar. Pop. about 3000.

Sofia, the capital of liulgiria, situated in the centre of an upland plain, 1700 ft. above sea level. Pop. (li) 07) 82,187. Since 1680 tho city has been almost entirely renovated in the "European" etylc. The city is well drained, nml has a good water supply; it is lighted by electricity, and has an electric car system. Sofia'is 300 miles by rail from Constantinople, and 2CO miles by rail from Belgrade. It commands tho routes to Constantinople, Belgrade, Macedonia, and Iho Danube.

Tirnovo, tho capital of a department of Bulgaria, on the line from Sofia to Varna.

Tirnovo, e. Bulgarian town at tho junction of the railway from Burgas with the main line from Sofia to Adrianople.

Tirnovo, a town in Turkey, in tho eanjak of Kirk Kilisse, 3Gm. S. of Burgas, and 25m. N.E. of Kirk Kilisse.

Uskub, capital of tho province of Koseovo, in European Turkey; at tho junction of railways from Mitrovitza and Nieli (Servia) to Salonika. Pop. (1905) about 32,000, consisting chiefly of Serbs rend Bulbars, Turks, Albanians, and a few gipsies. The town occupies a strategically important position at the foot of o, valley which severs two mountain ranges. A main road runs E.N.E. through Kiimnnovo into Bulgaria.

Varna, a fortress, seaport, departmental capital and episcopal city of Bulgaria: on the Bay of Varna, an inlet of the Black Sea. Pop. (IMC) 37,155. Vania is built on the hilly north shoro of tho bav overlooking the estuary of the river Devna or Pravadi, which flows seaward through n magnificent valley surroandctl by mountains. It is the eastern terminus ot the Varna-Rustchuk railway, and is connected with all parts of Bulgaria by the branches of this line. Varna is tho third city of the kingdom in population, after Sofia and Philinpopolis, and ranks with Burgas as one of the two principal seaports. There is a largo and commercially important colony of Greeks, Jews, lurks, and gipsies aro also numerous. Acar Varna is the summer palace of the King of Bulgaria. Varna was occupied in 1854 by the allies, who here organised the invasion of the Crimea.