ARTS AND SCIENCES.

Dominion, Volume 3, Issue 716, 15 January 1910, Page 10

ARTS AND SCIENCES.

EUGENIC IDEALSiFOR YOUNG ; ; '.'■'.■''./ ;'"'■' WOMEN-. ".''■ : ; '-'v?.- ■ In ,tlio course of an address delivered before tho Eugenics -Education Society; at the Caxton Hall, London, ,on "Eugehio Ideals for Womanhood"'(says the "Standard"),'Aliss Alice Eavpnhill summarisedthe eugenics, ideals for. women to-day: as: follow:— '■.;■'.'• ; : ' : ;:-;;. , '■.".'.To' secure, for :boyg and girls alike,:, systematic and judicious teaching' as ■;;' ■to the'duty of applying .to.daily life .' ' tho lessons of "school ana college, asso:,'.,. - oiating; with'; this a careful.■incnlca-'j''' tion of high' standards of religion audr ■ .ethics.::, -.■ - ! > -..; -:.>y , ; a;;, ■ ■.■■. :'To secure, for all,, young peoplessuited ,instruction ,on ~tho,;:greatest.', ■ power; entrusted to mankind:—Mar-';\ : riage 'and parenthood. . ;. -.. ... 7 '.\ ■ '.To afford to girls the opportunity-of '".•■> '. studying tho needs. of infancy and .'■ tho ■ art of tho'/'right rearing of chil;;dron: -. ;;;■ ..:;'-...,;-:;;:■;,- -; ; ;.■.".■ To obtain: :tha : more'.'general co-,' ' operation of. trained women in tho ..'. , I government of • local bodies, or official ■ ~ departments, especially those of which; woinen, girls,;and : children' - form a-: ; part.;.-..-'' .'- ; V: . ;; ;...-->,;;;■■:■:-;;;,;,;.; - To influence'for good'the art, litera-": ..'ture, and- recreations of the nation;'.:. ' training young' people in the wise and; '■' fitting employinent and enjoyment ■'of;, : . V; their-leisure. ■■; ■!;/.;' '■,'■;■;•/>;": . ~ ■':." Coin WeigKts. ]!; ;;'■''■,.:'"'•' ■■'.■'• ■';' ;;":'' ;At the .anniversary meeting'of the Brirtish Mumismatio Society;, Mr. P; Carlyoh'-: Britton, -P.S.A.y ,was . elected :- president. Mr. L. ; A.: Lawrence,;F.R.C.S., read: a paper, .'bn "Coin: Weights," .which^-was illustrated witli many interesting ancient scales and weights of ibeautiiul.,iv6rkman!ship. ; Mri;Shirley Pox, in a.'paper.on the.heavy pennies of. Edward; 111, was able, ■ to prove: that the' York pennyV (Hawkins 303), attributed in: that iwork to Edward. 11.-was actually struck, from dies issued, to Archbishop Melton in' 1331; ■ '.while the .'corresponding- Durham penny' (Hawkins • 302),. bearing 'on the reverse; an./: open lozenge:enclosing a small crowa, was attributable to /Bishop do Bury,: who succeeded Bishop' • Beaumont in ; 1333.; He showed that the.'crown in question was really, the:'private/mark;''of,; Bishop;, do Bury,'and. was-taken from-the; arm's of tho;Abbey of St.'Edmundsbury,:in;which city the-.bishop was born, and whence:ho derived: hisnatoe..; ;.:.'■. ,;.;;:;■;//;';'/.:/:;; Symbolism of tho Crocodile. ;;;; ■ .Mr. 'JDruca ; iread a paper before the Eoyal;Archaeological;lnstitute on -'the symbolism of the crocodile in the Middle Ages..//Tri,'the/.earlier.:pcripd ) i suoh;:,'a6 the- twelfth; century, he' said, ; there was ho reason', to .be surprised-that the; crocodile was not at all;a'cenratel'/-: delineated.; Hetbrought abundant evidence -to; show that the symbolic' employment' of .the. orocodile was as the/representation of, the' mouth of Hell. : ; :';This,'; to was due ~to the."description,:of.the crocodilb as ; it- appeared, in ;£h'b.forty-first. ohapr ter. of' Job.:; He supported thiß ;view as ■opposed to; that;, which, suggested Jonah's ■ fish, as' the origin, of thb. symbolic Hell mouth- .by;.:many illustrations 'derived ..from the ' medieval. Bestiaries: and. from forms sculptured: en''many ichurches in Englan'd and the' rest: of Europe.!;"'■!.;'. The.^Resiiie.nt'-Wheei. 7 /.;^;;;]'/^';^:;';;-: . The-Hon: E. -C. Parsons,' M.A., read a paper, before!the' Eoyal' Society, of 'Arts recently oh'. "The' Improvement' of-:K«sili-ent.AVheelSifor, •yebicles.", Tho': resilient 'wheel probiem.iis ,one : which; has ."occupied the attention of many inventors and scientists;'especially :since the;advent- of' the; automobile./ The present, system .of pneumatic .{tyre.; is; of course,' excellent in; its way;'.' but • it;is far '-from /perfect. /Mr;; Parsons; dealt Exhaustively //with; the' Subject, on * the Vpapeiv and: related the ;his'tory of,'tho .jresilient wheel/from; tho efforts .of !thp''''/earliest pioneers .".to.: the .wbrk.of the.'pre Dent day.' /-■ ~,;■';/; .//''V;."•;■ ••'■'";:■■!'.■';•.'•■'..-; ■■ --.-'v', /■'•'.'.",.; ; ..>/■.'. .Cathedral Architecture.;!:;/.'■';//' :;:/;/4' ; ; - Mr., H; B'paumont delivered ,a; lecture l?eforo " tho- ;'Lon'don>lnstitution -on /the architecture'of. the'cathedrals'-at Noyoh,Soissphs',:Laoh,iand'Eheims.' /The. period from; the-.commencement of'/Noyoh.'. to the'complction of"Kheims, Mr.'Beaumont explained,' included 'a! space of' 200 'years' from.'llso! to* .1350;.' and, was.tho .most active .and fruitful' poriod ■in /cathedral building ...throughout; ./Europe; ' ..Troiii . Noyou' as,)the!iype!of primitive' Gothic; Mr.' Beaumont; passed 'to •■ Soissons, select,ingVit as ah/illustration, of.''the transi-i •tionalpcribd.' '"In connection "with'"the cathedral at :Laoh, : Mr. -Bcaumbnt remarked : •; ':The. chronicler!-. tolls-' us 'that Laon once boasted - of / no':fewer ■' than'' 63 churches,/ neariy /all of which /have "been destroyed,, either ;by. its, population or .its enemies;, so/that between: the two' the people. must;/have ..bean".'busily"'; occupied. Think of the vast" amount of labour in'-' L°i vc , d 7 n .dragging; up; to.'an., alHtudo'; bf !f ° "/,<? at '; every : bit ?of 'material- required for tho. construction of. these 63 churches.Ihe Xaoiin'ais; wero'.. by no .means a! model people; they ..thought hothing-'oi mu'rderi.uff; their.'Bishop" in:, the .twelfth'. century, .-.and. setting fire '.to.' his'.' palace and : .:th'e .cathedral;. but;,nb; one .can: accuse them ,of .being lazy, .and,. I; question,: whether, ..in; nil ;Europe /there, can "be,,found ; the evidonco- of ..'such;, industry, arid sWll 'as was: shown.in the./building:''of'tl»s/hill ; 01 !?,:.M./Vaon."..,The' lecture ; ■.concluded' with;;, a -detailed: description ■■ i of- Elieims' (.athodral, ..a building .porfeet in /every .detail and/ sublime in> its. glorious expression ;.; of:-:, religious ; thought -'and '• f eel- ■ 1Dg.,,".■/*'.•■ .;"■.■ ../■ :. -:,;.; ;;:/:■-;,,-'.;, \.':y.i:-;:fj-'; 'fr

A- Parwiniari; Story.'.,;/:"': 'j '.;'■': V' '-£<;&s! ''■"'^P > f c^ l) r Judd, speaking":at:■ thef * Imperial ■■;College.' of Science' on .'"Geology: ■and" Evolution,'' 1 -, said .that Matthew' Ai< nold; once jokingly Remarked to him:- '■'!■ can t understand why you scientific people make such a.fuss about' Darwin-why, it .is nil;in''Lucretius;"/ On'- Professor 1 Judd replying, i ~les,-'Lupretius 'guessed- what Darwin ;proved,?': Aruold„said, ;, witU mock' .gravity, ,0$ 'but,'that only shows -how' much-greater a man Lucretius/was to.be ablo.;to .divine instantly, a, truth, whileDarwin, spent a life" in groping, for it. -There/wasno,science that-owed' ■so much to. amateurs'as.did geology, : "de-: ■olared* Prpfessor Jiidd, .and now,' happily;' all jealousy ! ':lMtwoen,professionals- 'and; amateurs; haxl/long;since.'disappeared;.: ;>:,•,' -Aeronautics.:; v '■;;■ '"■'':■':: -.-/;:/',\ ''^w'.^, :/An interesting: lecture, -the'first of"a 1 ■ of four, was .''delivered-' recently at' the Epyal Society, of-Arts,'Xoudoii,: on -aeronautics, :,b>..i1r.;.,C." C. Turner. ' In connection, with spherical/balloons'. , the leoturtr Teftlarked-that practically:nd'progress/ whatever has /been: made ■on -.their' development, or during 'the' Past century.'.' There was,' ho said, ■ a:large', field , for .science,, workers ,'and:' chemists ,who, cared, to take up'/the; subje-jt. '• ' To' . illustrate his /remarks ; on ; the If; lifting:' power pf'thc ahnosphero at %-drious altiiV - m and t!aß ''displaoßmont .of ,tho,air,', .Mr..'■ Turner-, remarked/'that it «emeda long-way frcimycrickot. to flying, but-only :the;:other day Mr.:.P.\ in; an; ' article on modern bowling;: suggested' nriimportant. consideration fpr, : aviaid'rs.'The cricketer,- in discussing "swerving"; balls; said that the:heavier thaair. the', greater'; the onsliion, and in the thick smoke-laden' atmosphere- Jof.' Sheffield,: or' : :;Bradford Hirst' co'pld make, his-ball 'swerve mifiitf. itely more than in. the: clearer and brighter climate; of Sydney, Adelaide;.or Jdliannesburg. "It:is scarcely necessary," coli-; 'tinned,..the' lecturer,, "tliat; -We: . should; point out; the application'to -flight."'':;,; i.,