WHY DO WE PLOUGH?

Dominion, Volume 3, Issue 712, 11 January 1910, Page 8

WHY DO WE PLOUGH?

p;S'i^ n s4 r wnd'teVpaddocks will bo' ■■jn---might WM W™ 8rs idoyiotv.think ; of:soma, of-ithesc-.teft;^o^%^ook;iat?this;V.list':;-of.ireasons.' J W^'fi'P '. the,; weeds.;•.■#•;; ■'■ '>•'■•; •■'-- ; V.v;.-.-.'' 'i, A •v- i ■' v "•! fiteS'W?■-humusvfor ;fbrtilising;, : the following |Ms':ftprop;;-:;i;;; : M:;;i^ : fe ; wrfaco >,thafr,-'.will;, prevent evaporation of fli; :^:i : jj j ? airland '■rairi : '-and; : v.'(so'niei of whick'cause'chemical' W :tho, ; soil ? ana: ; fortiliso"'it/ : >. i-: ISi'^T'^PSturh: -ttio:ocrudb>snbs6ii; up ;to-be' ?ai'p^^^v a 'idi;mcllo^ ; 6oV:that-.itVinay. i&Wlenancd iof-ithe \ crops;-; u ; -'i:'i'*'V:*-. '(':-■> "''-' the ; imelW ; mHttcb v:s6il'Vweiiroots ?°•contrive;that tab;loose soil which siirf ace/mulch : shiH\ hard SsSip^'Awifrdm^the.-ranI.'.1 .'. silbsoil; : .'s6V'as'i'tb'' ' : :«l e *7 e rWjSoir; avajlable'ito; become ;;t,he -buried' if eedi !;>^inß'Vgrbnndvof^the^plant'rb^^M.''r:-:'Vv-. , ;-r:i 0 :-?^" de sps n:^eiarea; :bf;ineUow';snr- ; l and-sthnX;inc*e^" ; ;th^Vleeding l : UfteTonnd : .'(•:&>.:.'.• g'|KThosb ;are the chief ''reasons-.fop plough-: :'&-i.lng.?!:Most:; farmers;know;; each." of :• these ■ST;icasons.; off how/sadly, dok>Aßorne'.' of [.-: ;:hired;Vvplb^hinett.vignbTßi % 7 bM. ? : Indeed; oho Tronders • liow':many'. of, th'eso 'i SK#^nts:receiv'e';recognition : rat: the' various \ ■-;>; iPlQUghmg; ; ;.matches^•;• of■;-'' New: .'Zealand,' £ '@'f^f?'"-' p^'.BI V-P lai *S'-:\the ; 'prabticaL' : .pdints ss •i%nx the operation; valued.'. .^;'is^i^^^S™'-''B»fe%S : a%ardcd-.Vfdr ;i .!:Sf.w«stttoeMf--of:,-furrow:;;ihan.-4ho.'?.value '- i?v|S'»:t"M"'itiaJgKtnessSTrarrants;' 'and'.- too ; TO. i P9J?.Si. to J t Mse!matters-.whioK v feaUy.' !ff >a(fec* ; 'the Jsubseqne'nt harvest; :-A.:bit'of S 71 "^''' ||-v:''.imbt;"lessen:.>the .yield one-'-'igrain' i; "of ; tie;fape.'abt;' : e i 'plough ■:': here:' :; and : iMp (there;\the ; - surreptitiousVcovoring'of the $Pftp^PSavuncut'v^blmd ;; by ;:the'.'next 'M m-. '-: t!l *' to;; first iJ'plough ; : but"' rfKgf? ; ; ridge vwherb V tho'M 'ploughing- /-began;; a;fstrip ; -right -through; the' W? ,tpadaocks;r;tbsbe iharrowed- down* thin': by fe'*[s,\^;ie^nt;;eqnal;.tb:!a;'Bßdd; i ploughman'silS?WaS^?>;There''isVho;<douW;; S&K:^^¥;;?S^'.'y?W^^is' into;use in. jig3K|!^oa- : %.#.;'.W,,theS.right tho:seed vsown'/wul' i^P^^--slio^-its;;thanttaiera''%''a''-hand- : ; %& isM ; = mn^-^''*'-'BMdyinauniinigV;//-'And.--'it: |p |fj!s: l^eap^ , *§g/,;;A^ $$ BS'Pernaps ;• the're';;;hasV.;beon % ''iib l: :' points s<>Wfi debated;asT,the' : respective 'merits" of ; $pWeep.;; andJishallbwSplbnghing/A'lt?:<isVa : : ?&S li?™ 31 *-- on "'ylucfi;nb'onei'ca'ii;say-'a'magni- . &>U fffi<^t;fla^;'-:wbr'dc i tlmtl.'riU;apply'to : aU : . '$$ p™P;and;:an?circumstances; ■>■ Usually.;deep f - ; : . '0% pxception/'m'u'stvbe .made ;,in : special' ca'sesi : | Bucfc as>:-theJ'case;of; veiy •■ ■';loose'. :i sandy , felio f : T the'oMt?' WM W l W;fS e ?P';J? lo ,«B l f i ng ■ r .is;'desirable,,Sb6-. ; *fe«^«to;,OTe; , |ppna;.-;wai--.the-iBoiL-losQlitSi ; sa^p^^to^an^^bijcbm^lfetfer^Hß l -; ,fef, *?'' a ?^„ : Practice '.weV have-to fi*3 !^ e -r-; : i^ant;^ imf, ??&. as;at,vtho;vbottomS'lf^urZ C rbp.;fi^t6; i m-it SSSP«™5 J ■: thgspnncipalv'aiihlinv tho'-wbolelbf-t our I|k1 s that, ; :''-wb ; v ; c6ncen-- i Wm STO^s^iiclKvfertilityas^pbssible/'ih'ya';' P»t !!™ns ; ' feftf insthe;'Jbwer; i Kh^lpP™viW*:'' ho '■ 'SSquentlfcreach.:; But 'even he'rbHhe'ineed' Km KSi ' pfjt ;iv ,™ablo':;for;;barial: ; ;--The s'ooher : ' e#ffl"¥ l teP^Wr/of;.sßch-/laia-ican'--'grow : -:ieavy ■ pliAlßcops^bf.viwoDds'.*br«'bther-;,;grbwth v Vfor- ; feiJ*ffiW?^r»tpyhis.rsbiUnth'e;;sboher^iU : ; m aftWK;™^%; tb'r;decpeh.:MsAploughing''and '; KV'ffn-^-yusJ:Crops:'«ieavinßvthe' -subsoil '■ rKfi"-ffi!PW^ h , e . d ;;? er nudimihished; ': .^*Hg?S<»Wityj.;6f:th6:-root ibid/ but it does- ' fe^;(niiit;increase;'irsifertility.i;; : ; M^^^^trpical?casbiini ; ' mipi {PWShingi'must:;be.;-.tolerated;is f that'■ in " m>s .™HSft':P?ispnous:'niattbr'3 :exist ; -in';tHe ; GubP?2j" sw^atteta^whiDh"',i£^i s :: undesiraMe;;tb'; p-S'iJSßPSX.V'toitnb;sweaterisurface■:soil: aßiif ■ p^PjS e .i' : than ' s.the;;6oils : ; fetSfWlßi ei;strfn;;the.';WellingtonVprovirice.;

v®. s6d-."withbiit^ : !ti&itatspn*amoi)[ "} -up/ailn ? ; jsA Ijew Practical Points. Sjiroosing, s ti^; : ia''.fariiier;^decides^tHal how. suddenly shall lie -make ? j^There; arc: cases' -where the fi'..".-a;tjio..Uurface ivould -bo •• correct nnrocedure r-'?!orsFhat:(impliei7,the::bijrial^bi,":j;hes:6fiis- -- r'somji'plants feed, v 'l'ho:, presence of euch MJSp»absjil:;.bh:-, the rsurfacc;',ho\rever, ; checks I'K; . pfv young jescos® - of l vcrops,''"-is ; '?^?"®"™ t ?a^isable; ii' method is, of course, suVoiling as gene. iM>M l a ™i u ?^T^ 0 tho irutf t«° r plough twice iu/eacK fuirovr, and.:tUe is'Hliereforp'mmly * ;:u P '"/by.-the. shattered Ato back^inta-its It• is'-thereV covered % w r'foiJmriiig.- eacliVotlieivvone-•-Ife turriing:/iv slice;' PivA^i4jwth(|vusix J . ovj seven' inches deeper," ancb pSa™ "owagritt<t; drpp.ba'ck -iii :' i ts' place; The' |^;fi?Wßp;a:\subs^ Co^y a^: »Sfls : 'thp.;l)est4''lijneedi':'6fironrse, : ' t(aiav of horses, but. performs ; Ifif hMe lately.! fpuiid 1 te';?: ißuch'- gpod'-results.-'follow the cutting .-'of - KS'lWolß-Pi'Oiißt'drains;-should: not i -n- the: value of . the: draius/raav" L : ;..; : ;;-.'thvs k! doublfd; '-'. \n V ■ •••••. ]

I', ; . Nature,; Responds/.> tyi ::esiilt of isubsdiling-^in'this':nian-te";i\n£^is^that;ithe^winter/^ain,'-:ihstead'^o£ by^tlie'smooth^ fe»Js»?!^>^o<^whicH:inaßy.ploughi4^-liaTO--roauliy- amimg-; the' broken 'subsoil particle',-...' r'i'iie ■>rain ■, oxygen,' Ef ; C'&'h>ch ;ha"sla. gfe'at; kolven - t and: fertilising subsoil ioine, RS'^^Jeast.'.off.tbatwcdtheringiwhich 'exposure' te&s^tp:;thevsurfacp/would /,hay<); impnrted:i.ln; |:;;i:%tho:framj;'als6 tlioro : is' ammonia—gcarcely.: 5' 'pef6cniase;> /qiiantity.-Vln:' a.v.wholpTrajiiy scas6]i: : .the/:aniouht'rot' p:(fe'.monia ; . and'.other;'forms^;of .hitr'ogch'.'car- 1 . W :t;lio .soil-'fraiii; the air. and' to i as; much; per:. Aero- as/ 4 vVgqod ' crop ■; of.;:.Vrh6at->removes. liy^^'Pr^Pl^fi^'bso'liDg^tovcatcli'/this: an-I v.nual: "rainfall . of -ammonia".- anecouUl fy grow :.who3l : for. ever on" .tho - same land its - which;: the:: recent cornering '. . ; the '-Wjiirld'ff" hi trate'ifields renders J ad- : !•! . ■.' ditionally; interesting:...•' If, on the ■' con- . ; .trary, .our land be nbtVsubsqiled/i thenIvf /perhapsfuUy.-a.hali: of the/nitrogen' thus frjimjthe:. lost again in BA': i;/,the',water.j which :ilow;away;6ver:the sur-. /filtered 'in : tho' fe-ri- is ,'as wastefnljas it; §»/©• would ;6dj'io''^ur; : •V-'blms.'.ol |g:^:^ater ; that: ; is"6vefilowin!;. ! 'A:\: gi5S;-&sAhotheiif pointSof^mucli/valup/iri/'rc-: f®iysfectvto : -tyh3pj[inj(-,is : :?tho''; alternation:-of: Ta'ihv.anCiair .'ih; the; subsoil. VsWlien.rain te'^j/;erfte i '!t&«^ul>§o|l%iti6x^ls^of'-coursc;'.tbb between.-the ; ; lumps, of 'soili'But'whenvthe

shower -.ceases'and tho surplus water in the; subsoil has filtered away its' place is taken .again ,by :ne\y-; air fircsh ,from; the -This; besides:containing , oxygen, (Which- .-fertilises the subsoil and ' causes... activity,,; of.' those bacteria which renders " the soil "digestible"),- is always warmer,;', than" the; subsoil: itself. It therefore v constantly '. carries warmth .down into'-the'subsoil'.' Tho,result is that. corocs .Cgrowth.-be-6n^lan4 t ithtt:-lia?. been; well subsoued and - the BJ aa ?/ror/ other...'qropssweralviweeks ahead .®f' : .siihilar:^crbps' v -soil. :.This , : e%ct::is'., quite*, perennial -'even -.; on "pastures, if) they . were first sown on subsoiled land. For Weedy Land. . Ono bther;})oirit : of value i in" connection with-.theisubject of .;!dcej>.ploughing is the aid it gives,, toward'too extinction of. ■weeds. : There -is a . limit to tho depth of soil; through);which -;any, ,buried weed: can. \ travel l ;, to ■reach -therlight.", The 1 depth -varies.with;different weeds. Twitch grass,; eorrcl, and - Californian thistle aro perhaps ;.thothree ; chief .perennials .by which'. Now Zealand farmers aro .troabled, .'and ,it'would be interesting-to see a thorough attemptmade; entirely to extinguish' these on practical ,lines by subsoiling. To eb-; sure ;V;prqper' : test,_the lv snjbs6iler' in, this caie. mhst-Mi.used..with-a mpuld board, in 'ho turned-up. to /cover tho'God' .weeds of! ;thS. nej^;furrow-;to';d'rop'"to - the bottom'.! A; ■.summing:, attachment; would increase ;the\ ! efflciency' ;of,; the operation.'. It - is ■ probable-'that;most 'ofthe ..weeds, buried itb^a^:dep^i':.■o^!i'h^olvavirichM,^'.Tro^la^f6t.. , Others would' die' ,in the attempt.toriSach the'surface, and those; which, survived would: be so' exhausted in tho effort that] ;a, few icultivatings .Vwould {complete; their/ -'dismissal;';:^"'-!'s^

-,bad,.weeds, occurs ~ on./.broken ' .-pastures, iwherCvPloughing' of Janyvkiiid'.is; imprac;'tii^ble.. l .■l , or;tho;dwners.;df'such land,'the; ploiigh : -'has "no. charmS. : -its'.■ pro■per; place therer'is- no.implement;so/valiir' able. It i 3 :thd agriculturist's-most abused, but still most faithful friend. , ,