DAIRYING IN DENMARK.

Dominion, Volume 3, Issue 674, 26 November 1909, Page 10

DAIRYING IN DENMARK.

■ ;;.theveomance;of co-operation; " ;;C!(Sp«cinlly; ; ••■■:■ :• i-vX ■' [By;H ; 'T.' Drev?;] ; ■;■■• ;. : :--'r'; ■:.■, ' V: f : No/ lII.' - ; ; :\;'.- : . >/;>''':'' : ';Excellen.ce in Danish butter making—in -a national: sensiD—dates from It ,-is, '/therefore,'- imppssiblo. to ,writo.;;much a'bout ,dairyi'ii§- in' Denmark '■ vvithput,- at./eas;t, pouching.upon co-operaMon. ■•No .apologyi-howeTe^Xeed'Bo'-.made, for the' spirit : of:.oo r opera'tion has : taken such a-hold of , the .land..that : .there.is:gfeatinterest alone in the possibilities it suggests. r-But,'-. first, thos^: pos.fibilities- nri'ss'. out -of.. ,Whdt. this - little-gieat, 'whittJed^loVh,:. kingdom' of Denmark , .'has'already, done.; •'■■•..-' '.•; •:■■. i '•■ ■■;:■ ; . ■ ; .;•, ; , !..Co-operation'in .Denmark' started, virf pally, with co-operative, creameries; and co-operative .creameries camo in with .the c'en-trifu"al'"sepa-■rator; in .'.the :early,; eighties'.'.'. But ■ hasn't stayed at 'that: in -Denmark, ae' iti' has in , 'Ne.w-Zealap'd an<lvAtetralia.; Tho-60-cij>e>a-ti.T.e> creamerj , Jis ■ the , ' parent ; s'tem-,p.f -tho .-tree. Some, of:the branches are'as follow:—(l)'T.raa«■toarlc;fl^cia.tiofts^(^■:•co^pita;lltp■'.b<lyirig;;'dis- - co-operative"stores; (4)■'■o , reaiiiery : accidents insurp.n<!e.'companies;'(s) : cow-testing associatixins;' (6Fco-ope'rativo-cheMe-niakinV.e'x"-periments ;nfsociations;' '(7) staHstic:rass6ciatipns; (8) ;ca.tt!e'.imprpvement. asebciatiolia;' (9) co-operativf slaughter-houses'; (10)"c6-operatiVo and oxporting associations ;''(lj) $%$&.. ■:- :^ The Spirit, of Helping 'One's Neighbour. .;,;; y' : 4 ls it'that the Dance are a less competitive ■■RWK5 nd :W? r . e Wbncd.-nvithr.r-nationaV spirit ■pa.tt■^ttoT■;n*tJ6n»^:■ptfe"■te,wt^^«r;■■■^m!l^nedi■til) ;!: M6ngV-tl\em. Inisy. arc.; a pleasant,'- plain' !ivingv : ''«asy-gping; ' patriotio people; Swhose • tidy •'■■ garden-frdiitcd houses and ffower-decbra+ed wjn<lovv-sills ■ suf-gest-'bomfbrt-and happy- home : life.' .One 'tire-6ent-day writer 'of , i distinction 'in" De'nma'rk suggests that:-'certain v :'popular which :irere.-jstarfed.i)aiiy; y«a'rs' ago';- 1 primarily to- dejvelop s'aV "patriotic in'd•.'iumaho. spirit," hafo laid'tho 'fo'uridation.:'<>f .co-bpe'rative'sTicccss" in '.■•pcnmarki'-.'^Thotfgh , •■private enterprises; ■ thnja -fcTiools, packed,. "■financially, rhf hujidr«ds)- pf farfllors,' afid 'may ia- iijassed of .'thorn" are special agricultural -ecihpols. One, .woll'worthy of : 'be,pitt, ■,teabhfe;.-:how; 'small holdiTig.sic-f/ifroin.-;four , to' teiS- acres' 'cah'vhe niade ; id bee-Tccop-iW,;-':WPft t y : ™M ri V.-^'»'?W-?*' a l J iii3,' : '. ,: -lJ(»ki. binding,'and domestic .economy. -'Isii't the'rea -hint, of a. useful institution- here to - 'those, whb .thiTig-large;-exponsife: • State "farm's-aou't' do 'their'work';- r \*-" : ''- -''r •'..•:':■" -:.-i-;.'.- -.■,- ••.•.-.,..

Cow" Statistics; Association. ■-•-;'>:. . ;; :■ : V; ■ .Let Uf takVa few'of the mcs't'iimportant co- , °P.??'i lt 3' : §»».#piWions. ; Oiie,: of .the .raofcf inter-' '£? tu, S!".'?S l Qsefal.>is' the Cow , ' Statistics' Association. •.-.■lt- is 'a joint' iiSsotf atioii '■ of" the Bull;, and sßrecding.aiid. Testing-AKbciatioiis. an.regard.-.to -the IJull/Associtition,' oneor 'two ifarmers' jora together, ■■. .purchase a- purebred bull,-and keep it.ffrom cows that arenoffirst'.class. -They 'get'- State.aid,-.:b\it- the '.ariiiiial .wnst-beof pro.ved-;quality ; before , they cau.be P ■■'.Mlped.;;- Tho;first : testing'association'was ■s.arred '.in 18?5;-::aiia;.thei. number is'now 479 ■'.Jjith ' 10,Mq< members: ixnd ; 181;000 'cows. Tho 'nssooiation: dnvthe' 1 -island over42,6K) i c6ws;'fTh6 ! membbrs-agTco! on atirii-' versal'.rate-of foodstuffs: for the -co^s, -'tho' lnau-,?ier.'Pf>.te4tnig,/-Bnd.-e6;on.'.:iThe'-nasMie.tibiiih'-s a, general 'secretin-, who..draws'up. a , report of tlio ; testings , and ; publishes it. -The" Gerber tester is mostlyVusefi/., Thq'avcrago yield of the cows in thj-Furi«% associution , in, 1907-8 was ; givoii -me' a5.'.66991b. ; of :'milk, tesiiris 3.J7-100ths .per cent., orycaloiilated , into, butier, 'sDlb (The Banish, r-ound , :,is .1,1 o! : an --Englisli pound.) Saving •got; thiS'.Tetiirn,'tKe.farmer looks'to'his: feed list:- To -.produce tho above results 'an.-'.a.verage',of.:so29 "fodder,- units'. , - were' used |p.<:h\farmer.knoVs"r.of only'what his herd haa done! in tho" faco of these %uies; but the ber. lorittaaco of each' coir. , . •'■ ;::'..• ;■• ■■.■•■'.■ . Fodder Values in Figuros.' .-.'i;.'i;'.-; .-.■..-' : ' ■-.• .',- ..A'Vfodderj'uiiif'is a.' terin used to ft denote lib ™ °?rn or its' equivalent Wother food stuffs' iwimyalcnts; -. agreed. ■~upon;.-. are :-Cbtton-secd medl;.o,Bllb..;.peaiiut. cakes, 0.71b.'; hay; 2S : mol ns ses,:i.2lb:--'lti3 diihcmt to transfer pashire into;fodder units' ■ : rhe7£oherr.e adopted toil fodder units for -. pasturins., a' dry ;'.cbiv; , for : a' cow giving' 51b. :of. milk; ,11 51b. to'Slb;f 12 fodder uuitS; : and so on up to 20 fodder -Wilts .for ,39-s<)lb7; of. milk.. If %nr.- concen; . trates ■ arc 'carried ;-t.o- the cows'--'pr ;green- stuffs ■.v-deductior j« made- accordingly froin the'pas;,tufe; _but ;if-such•green stuffs* etc:,"-are Vvea to-make un:forpastufago deficiencies, it is'of .couvse,..thrown in.- '• '• :■-■ ': •-•.:■' •• . :. -' .-.". ;-:;Perhap3.;'practical I nienV'ivoildvlike to know .the '.percentage of .various - foodstuffs!' given- ''-'to .;the-,cows , .-per -year."- They a'r«»:4oil:cak'es,. 18 - [>or,cent. rgr-ain;bran,--and other,concentrates, ;12 per eent.j-.r00t5,.!? perrcent;.gra'ss:and cut crops•(cloyer, rye, vetches),'3o per cent:-; 'hay .:; W C .?, B ' : -'■, str! f ff -,-.8" per-cent.V ; This ehowa, : thdt ■ifpr.a little over-.a^thirdiofthe-'year-tho cows ;are fed on green stuffs. ■•. ' Unless ihe,'fodder be reduced to units : it would; bo impossible to " I ?,r poropar'sons between thousands of cows .'.,..-len.t;there a danger of a farmer-feeding ud surreptitiously no get. gootl 'tests, in: view' of ,a. dispersal sale,, or'-for some:such reason?" I ;,."It certainly would ,b6: : po.ssible, but' diffion,t. -A tester canl.control the milk- producta very well,.because he:visits-the farmors, and s«s the milk taken, weijfhinjfii 'and obtaining several samples. His visits .vary, but the bull is -made onco every throe weeks. Any ereat .difference m yield wouJ.I b- iiof«i. -flfe "ver-' agee of each herd are published. Then, also each .cow is tested, by; a ■ local ■ tester. - The i-mfflft ° f , €ach . fari « er ,. w oifl'inßlhis own cows' l '™ , .'* T lu g.been mpractico for. many , years' ' " :>o,- I,think the system'^ , too for anv gating.; -I might add that•'orily.caciower |W S the ) report' of : _W.: indmdilaf cows. Only .*liei results of each herd are published." These the testing association^ !$•»?•»|«*r fabout J i Cows; \;';.,;■ v .'■-, 7 :■'■:'( ;;-r;might here add B iven abeve, el were red Dan sh "angler" cow* pt :;Ss£ii S3 ;&^of-'.indlk,; i^^ iifDonish. ■&> unds.''. v They ooneumed : only;42oS ,ani.fe^:; can';be;. made' ivith

the figures of.tho angiersV'"The Danish angler Has for many, years been'famous as- a -good cow, said onu'of my informants, "but in 1860 there was introduced ■ the system -of wei'hinz eaclv-day s milk, aud sines that timo the breed .nns,bwn -improving its yield of milk.- But lhe sizo-oti-tho cow has ..also'increased. I could detect indifference after being away from tho country forty years.' Tho Jerseys aro now coming into: the country." On. the peninsula;, of .'Sohleewig-Holstein -I had seen herds of.Mack ondwhito cows. Olio characteristic of herds in this part of the world" is that cither all'the cows will be red, or all no black and white. ■ You seldom or never see a terd of raised colours. The black and white -Holsteins are evidently related to tho Holland •iTismns.-; They are believed in Denmark tobo' more suitable, for beef. - While on tho sub- i jeet of tests it might be added that one cellent result of a' herd of twelve Danish T'oi-o?f P u J ,,ish «< l last Kar. averse testing 3.51. or 3581b. (Banish) of butter. The test extends over 365 The Creameries. •;,, - - ; Almost every co-operative creamery mana-er in Denmark-knows whether his factory is dofn* as irell as tho others in the kingdom. This is the returns of the Association for the Publication of Annual Creamery Statistics. _It should hero be said, however, that each factory is designated only by a number. Every detail is given, such as expense of oil coal, salt, fuel, etc., per 10001b. of milk. The working statistics o£ this association cover 550 creameries. Bach. creamery manager fills' in forms sent in by. an office, which is maintained partly by the association and subsidised by the Stat e- >x>me of the headings to be filled an arer-Jtilfc received,"butter' sold or delivered,' pounds of cream; pounds of new milk, loss of raiUc, working expenses (per 10001b, of milk) naming,, coal, mainitenance of ■ wagon, ice •' packages for butter and cheese, oil, grease' etc., interest on debt, salary of manager (who is also chief butter-maker, and who underlafces for. a certain amount to run the creamery and supplv his own help), office exDenses, and so-on. The 550 creameries in the'association last year averaged 162 milk suppliers and 975 cows. The daily milk delivered■ was ■ 13,6661b; ■iila? ye m? e lnsur a' ic «.,?n the creameries was .£1486. The average milk sold to. the creamerv per cow was, 5,1711b. (in addition to which of course, was milk consumed on the farms) The average workup expenees, excluding, cost per.lOOOlb: of milk was 2s. II 7-15 d in each case Danish pounds are given. : -' Really Wonderful. ' ■ ': '/':.[ .The , 'Trade'Maria' : Association ,'provides its members with, firkin ,staves, 'on.' which are branded the registered trademark of Denmark thus .preventing • Siberian' and • other' foreign butter _being- told as Danish. .Over 90,5? cent, of tho creameries in the country aro mem. ■ bera. '■•• ■..■.,... \ ~ ■■•'. .- ■■ , - ~.-,•■..• ■■-■ ■, . vJust a few further figures about cooperation, whichjgnres,:;by the, way, seem to be Teally wonderful. There were at the beginning of the year in Denmark:—l2s3 cattle-breeding a«ol 'EHin^K,associations (with «rf boars), 112 Jocal agricultural societies,'22s housemen s associations (with 15,800 members) J^'- cooperative creameries, ; 34; co-operative ?!ris A^ , ' , ' P° V egl? ■ ox - DOrt associations (with 5f,000 members); and 805 buyers' associaiions. ■ .•' '''•■■■■■ '' . • ■-.•- ■ ■■ ■.