GETTYSBURG.

Dominion, Volume 2, Issue 618, 22 September 1909, Page 7

GETTYSBURG.

FOUGHT OVER AGAIN IN ENGLAND,,TROOPS' MANOEUVRES. TERRITORIALS AJTD REGULARS. (By Telegraph-PreßS Assooiation-OppyrighW, (Rec. Septcmte 21', 10.46 p'm.) London, September 21. Sixty thousand troops are manoeuvring in tho Thames Valley, undei' war conditions. They embrace a largo part of the Home Army (Territorials) and of tlio Regular,forces. The oi»rations are based on General Robort Lee's Gettysburg campaign in tho American Civil War. \ ..•.....-. '■'. HOW GETTYSBURG WAS FOUGHT. ;■■' The exceedingly .bloody battle of Gettysburg, I f « u f. bt on J"'}' 1, 2, antf 3, between tho "Army of the Potomac" (80,000 men; General Geo. G. ntm! and 8 . Arm ? ? f Northern Virginia" 75,000 men; General Robert & Lee) is , popularly regarded as the turaifigUoiht and iecisivo conflict of the American Civil War, but was not really so, Einoe (to nse tho words of Si e ?rSi r nL Sherm , an) . '\ WM not conceivable that 20,000,000 people in the Northern States could ultimately be put down by 0,000,000 peopie' of ino same stock whether a dozen Gettysburgs had bean won or lost;" The strategic movements leading to the battle of Gettysburg, and thoJcrooity with which it was fought are the features.which cause it to stand out distinctly, from most,of;the battles of the nineteenth century. During; the years 1862-63,' Leo either checked or defeated the Northern "Ajmv oi the Potomac," in the battles of Gaines's Mill, Beaver Dam Creek, Seven Ph«s,. Secont Manassas, Antieham, Frederioksburg, , and Chancollorsvillc. Up till (hat time his armv had be«n arranged in two corps under tho command of : Generals J. T. ("Stonewll") Jackson and James Longstrut respectively.' 'At thancollorsnlle, however, Jackson was mortally, wounded,- and the "Army of Northern V irgima . wivs rearranged into three ■- corns dnrmit, the commands being given to Generals Longstrut,;.Hill,...and >Bwell.': ■ : ■". : • •fiS '■.V 6 ' l ™ o w«e going very hadly j t ■ in the. West and Lee m< conference came to the conelusion that the only way to ease the Confederate States from the pressure.'in other parts of the theatre of; war'wns by strategic •move, viz., -.'to carrjr' the .war out■'.of : Virginia .into Pennsylvania, trusting.' that an. invasion of the. Northern, States would, have the effect of .tlrawmg off tho' northern• armies, 'which wre :operahng: against' Vioksburg and- other important places in the West. Tho "Army bi Northern Virginia" accordingly slipped away ft 01 " of the "Army of the Potomao ft (then both lying on the Rappabannock River and. crossed the Potoinao, into Pennsylvania, one corps (Ewell's) penetrating as far north'as the Susquclianna Eivcr. The effect on the press and people of the North was at once ver.v marked, and great consternation followoi s bold and aggressive imove.- ...• Meanwhile Mr. Lincoln (President) removed General! Hooker , from the command' of the "Army :of the Potomac,'. and appointed General- Jfeade to the vacancy. As the appointment was made only-two days • before the ..battle,- Meade -was naturally, at. a-great'disadvantage. : Neither army knew the whereabouts of the other, > and s the. battle was brought on through mere KcoiPottigrew's, division of 'Hill's 'corps had been sent mte. Gettysburg, to a. eupply of shoos, and thero came into violent i conflict with Reynolds's corps of the "ATmy : .of the Potomac. ~'....'. • , , ■■ i On jhis nuoleu's, of battle the corps of Hill. . Ewell (south) swiftly closed- diwn, and I in; the, first - two days' .fighting' the Northern- , army was severely handled.'■ Pressed buck ;' from ,one : .point to another, they eventually ■ took up a position south of the. village of i Gettysburg 'on r ft long,;low:-.hill, known ; as' Cemetery Ridge. On the evening of the second I day Lcngstrut's Corps joined.-the Southern ■ army, end Leo: then; proposed an assault , in i force on the Northern centre.'. To this Longr strut violently demurred, and the result was i. that the great Confederate charge , made on the : third day was. marrei by want of;cohesion-of. , the generals. The charge, however, was oar- | riedj'out by Plckett's division .ot Lbngstrut'eI corps. This division was ; almost annihilated by the splendidly-served artillery of the' "Army of. tho Potomac," and, as Lee's am- ■ munition: chests 'were'-'theiv almost empty, he " 'surrendered the battlefield to' : Meade.' . •