THE FARM.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 2, 27 September 1907, Page 2

THE FARM.

A PAGE TO THE MAN-ON THE LAND,

The Dairy. TEMPERATURE OE MILK. £25,000 WASTING, ' A PROBLEM FOR CHEESE- " MAKERS. The editor of tho " New Dairyman'' is vigorously pointing out to tho dairying men of tho Dominion that milk delivered cold will yield tea por cent, more cheese than milk delivered at the ordinary temperatures, or, as he calls it, "hot." Wo havebefore us his references to the subject in the August a?id September issnes of " The Dairyman." A .'Cardiff Proof. In tho August referenco ho says: — Mr. A. C. Ross, manager of the Cardiff Dairy Company, writing to tho editor of the "Dairyman," on the 12th inst, in reforence to the experiments he had carried out at our instance, says: —"Cooling tho milk the minute it is taken from the cow will not alone make a difference, in the yield, but time and labour saved in the course of manufacture." He then cives the result of tho experiments as i follows: —

. Cold.—The temperature of the No. 1 jot, when being taken in at the receiving stage ran from 51- up to 65 degrees F. Warm.—The temperatures of the No. 2 lot ran from 70 to SO degrees. Tnrilsi Experiments. " Some further experiments with reference to securing a greater output of cheese will be tried at the Tariki Factory next week with tho consent of the directors and manager. Whole milk contains about 13 per cent, of solids, and of this quantity the cheesemaker recovers less than ten; and the oxnerinieiits to be made next week will go in the direction of saving some of the wasto that is at present taking: place. Tariki has been chosen for several reasons—First, because it is a perfectly new factory: secondly, because it is easily accessible; and, thirdly, because thoy have already decided'to adopt the method of Professor Long, who insists that- all mill; used shall be cooled to the lowest possible temperature before lieing taken to the factory. It is expected that another half-pound of cheese _ will he •ifii per hundred pounds of milk, and that tho resultant cheese will be of batter qualit-v and richer." Cardiff Direst ore Convlnsed. At the annual mooting of tho Cardiff .Dairv Company last month tho figures seemed ta show that Mr. Ross has not been able to get his milk supp'ied in as cool a condition ns "he would desire. The Chairman iMr. W. Richards) pointed with regret to bhe increase (hiring Hie year from. 9.881n5. to lO.TlJlbs. in the weight of milk ro : quired to make a pound of cheese, ann urged the delivery of cooler milk. Mr. J. T. Belcher, a director, quoted Professor Long as saying thatif the morning milk were cooled jo ttl degrees it would give a return of liro to ten Dor cent, moro chce3C. If this had been done last, soa.oon.it would have earned tho Cardiff suppliers £950 more money on about 300 tons ot cheeao. , Mr Ross, the manager, urged thai, the suppliers should provide coolers where thev could cool their milk immediately'it was taken from tho cow. and the'cans of night's milk placed in troughs of water until caken to the factory. "I urge," he said, suppliers to take proper care to cool their milk to -sixty degrees, and to keep it as eloso to 'that temperature as possible. There will be a big increase in profits, less wear and .tear on the. plant and on the men. I am qui..* ufc in saving that with the milk do-, iivered at'above temperature you yrn! eain lib. more cheese on every lOOlbs milk supplied." . ■ . Commenting on these facts, the editor of "The Dairyman", points out that New Zealand suppliers lost last voir over £25,600—fi'vo per cent. o< iho total cheese made-through ncrrlect to cool the morning .milk; t-lia-this hiss of £500 per week is not. ascertainable, by the Babcock tesi: ,nd that the Cardiff loss of £1000.por 300 tons of choose, no doubt applies «. all other factories. The way to ascertain tho annual loss is to acid .« to the result of the average Babcock tel for the year. Tho amount- that this total falls short of 2.551b5.'0f cheese will be the amount of loss. If milk at 65 degrees F is worth oen per cent, more than milk nt &5 loTees, it -is a question Tor consideration whether the supplier of the cooler milk should not be paid accordi n <rlv. Tire cooling of milk on a dairy fam Whore there is abundance of cold water casta nothing, and should 2 longer be neglected. The estimate loß'i 0? £2S,CGO sheets suppliers ot -hecsc factories, to the number oi oeWeon 3000 and 4IK», to an extent of about £7 each. ' .

The Garden. WORK FOR THE WEEK. The return of spring weather and the few hours of holiday yesterday will have caused the thoughts of many devotees of the hoe and spado to dwell on their gardens. Many wives have already, no doubt, seen to it that the "hubby" has made ample preparations for keeping the vegetable box and the flower vase full. Those who have not done so should tackle that tired individual at once, while he is in a good humour over the holiday, and got him to "plant something." Points that Make Things Crow. September is, or ought to be, the busiest of all months in the garden, It is the month of seed-time. Vacant, ground that has not already been dug up. for the season should *bo turned oyer without delay. See that it is so situated, or drained with such thoroughness, that rain water can soak through it and escape rapidly. On this, more than on anything clso. the success of the gardon—the health and quantity of the future crops—depends. Narrow open ditches, a foot or more deep, are better than no drains at all. S;we the Weeds. In digging, bo sure not to waste the weeds. Nine men out of ten go to much labour to wheel all weeds away and pitch them by the roadside or burn them. In doing that they rob their soils. Buried weeds form a" most valuable plant food, and protect against drought; and if properly managed they give very little trouble afterwards. A grass sod dug under makes a wonderful difference to a crop. Learn to toss out each spado* ful of soil in such a way that it falls, with the weeds undermost. If completely covered, most weeds die at once, and tho growth of the others will only entail a little hoeing occasionally. Seeds. . Sow (iii straight : lines) additional peas and beans, mustard and cress, radishes, beets, carrots, parsnips, parsley, onions, leeks, borecole, lettuce, brussols sprouts, and other kinds of cabbage and broccoli and cauliflower (not forgetting a little-red cabbage for pickling), cape gooseberries, rhubarb, etc. From these seedbeds a good supply of plants for setting out should be obtained later on, if tho insect destroyers are kept down. Plantings.

Plant lettuce, cabbage, cauliflowor, onions, potatoes, artichokes, tomatoes (a small early plot), and capo gooseberries. Kumoras may be started, for transplanting next month. Prick out into boxes celery, tomato, capsicum, and ogg plants if you have any seedlings ready. Other Operations. Destroy slugs and wood lice, and koop an inch of the surface of the soil in a lino loose condition by tho hoe. This will afford a protection against loss of warmth and moisture, which in twelve hours of wind or sun.jWould bo considerable if the surface did not possess this soil mulch. Slugs also are unable to travel over fino loose soil, as the small particles, up to half the size of a pea, stick to their bodies and bft'cetually stop their 2>rogrcss. The hoe, therefore, is one of the best preventives of slugs. The tree-plant-ing season is past, and trees are opening their buds. No tree-planting or bush-planting, thoreforo, should) bo attempted now except in very urgent cases. Subsequent growth would be weakly, if the trees live at all. LooU over all fnu't trees and bushes, and see that the pruning is satisfactory. If not, use the knife now. Flowers. Nov/ is the. great opportunity for making a garden. It is the time for planting out tho hardy annuals and sowing seeds for successions. Later on, inn more delicate plants will follow. Phlox, stocks, wallflowers, pansies, sunflowers, carnations, dianthus, cosmos, sweet williams, etc., aro useful old favourites that are too much noglected. Sow seedbeds or boxes with varieties for future supplies. This is cheaper thrin buying plants. Do not commit the common error of cutting off the leaves of bulbs. Tie them up neatly. Nest year's blooms depend on the work of theso leaves just now. They are storing np in the bulbs bolov,* the ground the material from which next year's flowers will be manufactured. Far Fences and Rufcbish Heaps. Deposit some nasturtium seeds on or around any unsightly corners or ugly old fences or rubbish heaps. Tha nasturtium flowers will be welcomed some day, and they will make theso. ugly places beautiful. Sweet poas aio among tho most satisfactory ol ail (lowers to grow, if you aro not looking for exhibition blooms. They inn unequalled for covoring a low trellis or fence, or even a vcrandi'i; they Hower everlastingly, and they are. as greatly treasured ny tho ladies indoors as they are admired as a buttonhole flower.' Whatever else you discard, keep the sweet peas on your list. General Favourites. Chrysanthemums may be planted put, with very great care; and they will give an abundance of cut flowers later "on. Dahlias are beginning t'.: grow, and those tubers which are out of ground should bo plantedat once. This is a good time for planting bulbs of that handsome flower the gladiolus, as well as of amaryllis and liliums. Fuchias also may bo planted this week. Keep the top inch of the ground loose, but avoid disturbing u.ie r.iintvtc roots of plants, which may bo eoen very near the'surface. HOPEFUL FORECAST. A CONSIGNMENT VIEW. • Our Christehurch correspondent telegraphs :—Mr. S. Tumor, London, butter merchant, is .very optymstic regarding tho immediate future of tho dairy industry., tie sees nothing, he told"a. "Times" interviewer, to provent 10i|d. to lid. net f.0.b.-for butter and 6:1. to 6jd. ror cheese being returned to the factories in tho coming season. He believes there will uo a shortage in Australia, as there is already in Siberia, whilo Canada, owing to the increased production of cheese, will supply 130,000 boxes of butter .less this year than last year. Now Zealand factories,, according to Mr. Turner, labour under the drawback of insufficient competition on the part of buyers, the number operating in the colony not boing enough to mnko such competition as Would give full prices to the producers. Tho itinerary of the State's draught and thoroughbred .entires to travel the Nelson districts this season is arranged. The draught (Hertfordshire Hoy) will visit Stoke, Richmond, l!olgrovc, and the districts along the return journey through Eigiity-oight Valley to Richmond. Tho thoroughbred (Nuptial Bite) will visit Upper Moutore, Ngatimoti, Thorpe, Stanley Brook, Tapawera, Koliatu, and the Wiamcas.

Vat. \ c £? f to lib. Ohccccto 160 lbs. mlk - Chocso. lib.Bat. Mill;. Ho. 1 ... i.i 9.35 . U3 10.11 oz. No. 2 ... i.l 10:23 433 9-8 ..