Must Push Russia Back Without Shouting

Chronicle (Levin), 6 May 1949, Page 5

Must Push Russia Back Without Shouting

Received Thursday 7 p.m. WASHINGTON, May 4. On the balance, Russia was winning the cold war, said Air Will Claytou, (ormer Under-secretary of State, wheu ti'stifying before the Senate foreign relations committee on the North Atlantic Pact. He said Russia 's principal objectives in the cold war were to fright;.n the democratie Governments into excessive expenditures for defence and to -'are private eapital and initiative so that they would not operate freely. ' ' Russia is a past master at this type of warfare," he said. "She wages war *>n all fronts simultaneously and at rel •ilively small cost to herself. The cost to the democracies, on the other hand, i& tnormous." Air Clayton said the Soviet effort to mulerniine the democracies appeared. to be succeeding so 4a r. The only soiutuju was to use the North Atlantic Mw a basis for a t'ederal union of the democracies which would muster such ftrength that Russia would not dare aitnck it. The West had won the Battle ot Berlin because that was a probiem ; ri transportation wherein the West exeelled, but the West had not won the Battle of Greecq. It had practically lost the Battle of China and had yet to fight the Battle of the Middle Last. "And1 we have not yet won the Battle of West Europe," he added. "The cold war is still raging there." Air Clayton said the European recoverv program'me was doing well but the jo'b of setting Europe on its feet must be borne eventu'ally by private enterprise which was afraid to operate xn Europe because it lacked eonlidence in European eurrencies. Even with the E.C.A., Europe would not be in balance with the rest of the world by 1952, nor in all probability by 1962, unless the democracies radically aftered their present course.

. 1 Air Clayton said the North Atlantic Treaty was a necessary step but the cold war would go on with perhaps greater vigour than before. Ilowever, 11 a federal union was formed it wonhj take the ojffensive in the cold war in every country in Europe ' 1 and we would win that war."

Mr Clayton said tliere could be no peace in the world until Russia returned to her prewar boundaries. The probiem of world' peace was that of getting Russia back to her own ground without a shooting war and without a long cola war. Air John Eoster Dulles, United States delegate to United Nations and Repubiican Party expert on foreign alfairs, said the North Atlantic Pact was neces sary to prevent a temporary alliance between Russia and Germany which coukl readily dominate the European contin ent. The Atlantic Pact will supernnposf upon the Brussels Pact, another Wesi ern unity that is bigger and stronger so that it does not have to fear the inclusion of Germany. Air. Dulles outlined his views on the pact as follows: — Firstly, it was needeti( to eliminate doubt that the Atlantic community would aet quickly and unit-\ edly for common defence; secondly, it would make possible substantial economies in the European recovery plan ana the United States' military bndget; thirdly, it would inake possible a solution of the German probiem; fourthly, it would not be operated primarily as a military instrument; fifthly, it and the Rio Pact should not be understood as tacit offers to divide the world with Soviet communism; sixthly, it should not inaugurate a system of group consultation which would destroy the valui of United Nations as a world discussion eentre, seventhly, he thought war would be highly probable if the United States did not adhere to the Pact.