ENGLISH INTELLIGENCE.

Auckland Chronicle and New Zealand Colonist, Volume 2, Issue 3, 23 August 1843, Page 2

ENGLISH INTELLIGENCE.

Immigration to Canada.—We have had submitted to our notice a very brief, but not the less interesting, resume of the emigration to Canada dnring the past season, and its general results ; which, considering the state of commercial affairs not only in the mother country, but also in the colonies and the United States, cannot but be regarded as cheering. The information is furnished us by Mr. Perry, of the Canada Company, and wceannot do better than afford our numerous readers some of the benefits or the valuable details. It appears that during the year 1842, upwards of 44,000 persons landed at Quebec, and that many hundreds more went by way of New York, and through the United States, to Canada, besides a considerable number of persons who had been originally British subjects, but settled many years in the United States, having, in consequence of the unfa-' vourable position of affairs there, gone over to locate themselves in Canada. For some months past great numbers of persons have returned from New York, being unable to tind employment there, but who, it is confidently believed, would have obtained work from the farmers had they possessed the means to proceed to the interior of Canada. From the very large number of persons who went to the colony, say 50,000. and of whom about 40,000 settled in Canada West, formerly called the Upper Province, it might have been apprehended that they would have experienced difficulty ; but so far from this being the case, we are assured that iall who have proved themselves industriously disposed, are contented and happy, while there is reason to believe that people of steady habits may continue in large numbers to tind, in Canada West, a comfortable subsistence, and ultimate independence by the cultivation of their own land. Wages have ranged rather lower than last year, but the settlement of the emigrants has been greatly accelerated iu consequence of the great majority having gone out to join friends and relations. In order to secure employment to the constantly emigrating working classes, and to support their wages, it is considered desirable that persons of some capital should also settle in the colony, such, for instance, as possess sufficient to purchase farms or to establish themselves as mechanics, whether as wheelwrights, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, shoemakers or tailors, since these can hardly fail of success, if striving and prudent. The new system of selling lands adopted by the Canada Company has evidently gone a great way in promoting the contentment and welfare of newly arrived emigrants, no mouey being required Ho be paid down, and twelve years being given to pay by annually increasing installments, as the property comes under cultivation, and is therefore more valuable, for the freehold right. This leaves a man his small capital to work upon. Thus in twelve years a man would have to pay £LIO 5. currency, f or the freehold of 100 acres, being able, as we are assured, to maintain his family in the meantime from the produce of this land.— Leeds Mercury.

We grieve to say that the number of the unemployed is still rising. Last week it was 7,022, this week it is 7 372; showing aa increase of 350.—Faistey Advertiser*

Seven Egyptian wo.kers in Mosiac are to be the bearers of a new gilt to the Sovereign Pontiff from Mehemet A\i t viz : tour large granite columns, recently found in the neighbourhood of Thebes, and covered with hieroglyphics. The Sheffield bank, known as the firm of arker, Shore, & Co., had tailed; £725,000. £6oo '° o0 ' Wrent assets

Law, —In the court of Exchequer, in the late case of "Smith v. Marable," Lord A binder ruled, and the jury Confirmed, that when a house is dreadfully infested with bugs, it is not fit for occupation* aud a contract for renting it is void. ' The Russian Navy*—We have just been informed, upon authority oil which we can place the most implicit reliance, that theie are at the present moment being built at Blackball, for the Russian Government, five large frigates, which are intended to be used in the Black Sea, for the prosecution of the war against the Circassians. One of these steam frigates is just completed* Is the British Government aware of this most importan fact ?— John Bull t Her Majesty's Government have bestowed a well-earned pension Of £IOOO per annum on Major-General Sir R. Sale, G. C. 8., for the lives of himself* Lady Sale, and Mrs* Sturt. By a recent order of the Emperor* the punishment of a Cofivicted incendiary in Russia is decreed to be* running the gauntlet six times before 1000 soldiers, and in the event of his surviving, twenty* one year's labour in the Siberian mines; Not a single drunken person was taken up during Christmas week in Limerick* Cork exports annually to England £50,000. worth of eggs ! On the 28th November an eruption of Mount iEtna broke forth, and continued with trifling intermission for three weeks. The damage occasioned by this frightful visitation is immense, vineyards* and olive groves.'whieh require ages to replace, forests and villas* all were swept before the flood of liquid fire. Earthquakes have been felt in several places, some at considerable distances from one another* In Wales and Cornwall some smart shucks have been experienced.

The plague had broken Out in Lower Egypt, and was raging with fearful ferocity.

The number of persons out of employ at Paisley were 11,000 men. There was a report, not considered authentic however, that the insurgents of Barcelona had surrendered at discretion, all but 200 men who had shut thenuelves up in one of the forts and were disposed to make a stubborn resistance.

The la*est accounts from Syria were that the Dauses and Maronite Chris'ians were threatening farther hostilities against the Turks, and that there was little hope of tranquility until the mountaineers should have established their independence.

The London System.—-The system of London is universal credit. The aristocracy take long credit, and often do not pay at all. The tradesman must charge all his debtors a certain per centage to cover bad debts. But this is not all. It is well known that no rich man, or man living in a certain style in London, receives anything frorri a tradesman who is not first obliged to pay a large consideration to the servants of his establishment. Nay more, when a gentleman first plants himself in a neighbourhood, one of his servants goes round to different tradesmen to ascertain who will give him the largest allowance before he offers his master's custom. Any tradesman who should refuse to pay this tribute would find that whatever he sent would be in discredit at table, from the power which servants have in damaging meat, or fish, or poultry. All these allowances must be charged, in one way or other, on the whole body of customers ; for the tradesman must make tbe accustomed profit. This is the London system. It may be a good or a bad system, but it is the system. The remedy, and only remedy, is troublesome, and irreconcilable wiih London habits. In country towns, as on the continent, the heads of families go to market themselves and make their own purchases. But in London the avocations of men prevent them; and the women of London would resent any attempt to impose this duty on them, as degrading them to the condition of upper servants. There is no use in talking of tradesmen's profits being: large, if people will not themselves make them less. Aide tot, et Dieu te aidera. It would be good for the ladies of London were they to take more exercise ; but it would not be good for the apothecaries. -—Morniag Chronicle.

Convicts Transported to England, —At the sittiug of the Guernsey Court, Ridliftrd Mayne and James Dashwood, convicted uf having stolen some pears* were Condemned to one month's solitary confinement, and afterwards to be banished to England, for a term of five year*. Elizabeth Itovrard* convicted of the same crime* was condemned to a fortnight's imprisonment, .and then to be transported for three years* Frederick Wtstbrook, found guilty of stealing a pair of boots and a shirt, was Condemned to two months* imprisonment, and five years' banishment to England*— Jersey Paper*

The sum of £640 has been lately given for trre bulb of a new tulip, called the " Citadel of 'Antwerp."

It is said that the manufacturers in Nottingham and Derby are endeavonring to bring out coats and trousers woven in the frame, and that ultimately it is expected they will accomplish their purpose. The last accounts from Rome speak of the probability that a Vicar Apostolic will immediately be appointed by the Pope for China. \

The total number of emigrants from Belfast during the three years ending 1842, is 18,040, exclusive ot about half as many more who took passage from Liverpool and other ports.

The Americans have retired for a time from Port Mahon* in consequence of some misunderstanding arising out of the assassination of a man at that place. The provisional director and three other functionaries of th« Paris and Versailles Railway, are to be indicted for culpable homiqide on account of a frightful accident which occurred. The London Gazette contains an order in Council, creating a court of justice with criminal and admirality jurisdiction in the island ol Hong Kong.

The London Gazette contains the official announcement of the appointment of Anthony Barclay, Esq., as her Majesty's consul in the state of New York.

Loans For Colonies. —When the Income Tax was first proposed, it became a question of general inquiry in moneyed circles, as to how the demand for stock would be met, since that measure was to obviate the necessity of the constant creation of stock, which, during a long previous period, had been resorted to, for the purpose of covering the growing deficiency of the Revenue, The different lines of railroad are completed, and, so far from being a channel for the employment of capital, they are now becoming sources of immense revenue, and the country is so completely intersected by them that it would be impossible to fix upon a new line presenting sufficient chances of a remuneration to induce parties to embark in it. Joint stock banks are out of favonr, there seems no prospect of any of magnitude being for the present established.' We may therefore say that no public undertaking in this cou»<try is likely to afford employment for the savings of the public, which amount to the sum of ten millions per annum* But a new light is breaking on us. Canada has already got the government sanction for a loan of £1,500,000. New Zealand and other colonies have applied for the same privilege, on a reduced scale, and an attempt is likely to be made to direct capital to India, under guarantee of the Home Government, for internal improvement would certainly confer an immediate benefit on that vast empire ; but the others are of too precarious a nature, and would be accompanied by so many almost insuperable difficulties, that they can hardly form objects for individual enterprise, but should be undertaken, if at all, by the Government, who might consider the sacrifice of interest amply compensated for by the political advantages they would confer in concentrating our power ; it is not, therefore, improbable that there may shortly be new channels for other loans besides that of Canada, as the Local Treasury is notoriously at a very low ebb. In all such cases a higher rate of interest than our own stock affords might be expected, which would be eagerly caught at by the public. Here are eventualities ; in the meantime investments are being daily made, which keep our funds at their present high standing rate. — London Globe.

THE .ERIAL STEAM CARRIAGE.

A company is about to be fdrfhed ifl London for effecting a communication between England and India by means Of art aerial steam carriage. A patent has taken out, and the proprietors calculate upon performing the distance from London to our Indian posses lofts in four days. The patent was formally sealed on the 29ih September last, and systematic arrangements are in progress to complete the design* Mr. Miles, the East Indian agent, has seen and approved of the plan, and invites public scrutiny to the first carriage* which was to be ready for inspection in February. On the first day of the grand experiment, to be made in the presence of the chief merchants in London* the inoentor proposes to confine his aerial trip to Liverpool and back. The following letter hag been addressed to the Editor of the Atfati Upon this most extraordinary project:- " Sir—From the ptoverbial rcspecahility b the Atla9 newspaper, the public are inclined to place confidence in staterotnts originating in its columns, yet the announcement of the 4(b in«t., respecting: die "jErial Steam Carriage/' made many of ray friends, as well as myself, exceedingly sceptical as to its correctness* 1 have, therefore, taken much pains to ascertain the fact, abd have no hesitation in corroborating the paragraph you lurve submitted for the public information. " It is perfectly true that such an invent ion is in existence, totally distinct from the principle of balloons ; that a working model ha* been sho 11 me, which, by itsactiou, appears to establish the perfect practicability ot travelling tlir..ngh the air, being so complete and simple in its construction, and the combination of its parts so extraordinary, hat little doubt remains that the important lesults of the invention will be fully achieved. •' 1 am given td Understand tbat the first carriage will be ready for operation early in the #nsuing year: it therefore behoves individuals to await the development of Una wonderful invention, when it may become an important subject for con*' sideration as to the changes that will resolt to so ciety, whether tinder the control of the government, or in, lie bands of a public company.—l am, Sir] your obedient servant,

"J. S. Miles. "(Late Oodwell and East India Army " Agent., 69, Cornbill.) * «« «4th November, 1842."

Whether the alleged passehgers* goods, Sec. &c, can be conveyed through the air to any given place be propagated seriously or as a koaX, is mote than we can determine; but, of the fact that it has become a matter of serious comment their is no doubt. The following observations are from the Atlas. "We have at this mo* meut to speak of a discovery which must not only astound every reader whether,at home or abroad, but make him deeply ponder over the consequences likely to occur if the expectations of those connected with the invention are fulfilled. A» JErial Steam Carriage is the name.of a new machine for which a company hat taken out a patent, and which is to con-f vey passengers, goods, and despatches through the air, performing the journey from London to India in four days ! and will travel at the rate of from 75 to 100 miles per hour. At the first glance of such announcement our readers will doubtless feel disposed to treat it as some chimerical absurdity written merely to excite wonder, and expressly for the marvel-loving ma.«s of society ; but the facts connected with the subject are of a kind to dispel disbelief at least as to the truth of such a contrivance being in process of formation. A company of gentlemen is formed, intellectual and mechanical men, not likely to be misled by too sanguine expectations, the patent was formally sealed on the 20th September last, while cool and systematic arrangements are in progress to complete the design. All this proves that the inventors are well convinced of the certainty of the invention ; and wouderful as may appear this gigantic stride iu science, we have no right for disbelief, when we remember with what incredulity the proposition to lifht the metropolis with an invisible body was received—when-wrrknow that seventy years since we should have been deemed madmen if we had stated that we should shortly travel at the rate of forty to sixty miles an hour. In such an age of improvement, we really have no right or precedent for doubt, and therefore we just, allude with seeming credulity to the fact of a steam-carriage being, not only con-| templated, but in the engineer's hands, that is to be borne on the air, unlike in any way the principle of the balloon, and to which even the wind; are to be made subservient ! Shall we not soon look on the Tales of the Genii rather as an his-

torical chronicle, than an amusing romance? The subject ia one *q redolent u ti c o it b ti n J' ii e Cmtrfer a fortnight since* the follow* 4 notice 2 "Application is intended to be made to pari!-; rdeOt in the in it session* for leave to bring iv bill to authorise the assignment to, abd purchase h? a company, of Cert aiu letters patent granted William Samuel iienson, of new city' Chambers. jn the city of London* engineer, for certain improve merits for locomotive apparatus and machinery i. conveying letteis* goods, and passengers Wrotjok the Ata ; part of which imp<ovements are applicable to locomotive and other machinery to be used oh water or en land*"

SCOTLAND*

We learn, what unfortunately can too well proved, that while the consume: tion of butcher's meat and of wheate; bread has diminished, the consumption ol potatoes and oatmeal has increased in Scotland during the past year. This change has been general and to a great amount* A more distressing indication of the down-ward progress of the course of popular comfort and well-being could not be found* It speaks volumes. It ; tells of depressed trade, of industry unrewarded, of labour unemployed, ck wonted comforts abandoned, of a descent iu the scale of society i and for all thk is the government responsible ? We swer, decidedly* in the affirmative. Robert Feel undertook the case, and promised to cure the disease, but he has only bled the patient and pocketed his fee. He hat imposed the Income Tax with all its attendant vexations, but he has afforded no redress, administered no remedy, and no alleviation of suffering. He has satisfied no class of the community ex> cept those who receive the rewards oj office; he is trusted by none—for alk wonder what he will do next ; and thanked by none—for all admit, that hitherto he has done no good. This stat of things cannot last long. The wretch edness of the great mass of the population, borne as it has been with exemplary patience aud propriety, must be considered seriousiy and treated effectually ; and nothing but a return to sound and liberal principles of commercial policy can save the country from impending ruin. Caledonian Mercury, The Marquesas.— The Moniteur announces, in an official manner, the occupation of the Marquesas or Mendoza Islands. It appears that the Prench Government is losing no time in preparing for the colonisation of these islands. The Journal de Vhk et Waine states, that •« a most interesting ceremony took place a few days since at St. Malo. The Archbishop of Chalcedon and Bishop of the Marquesas Islands, surrounded by a number of clergymen, walked in procession to the ship, the Mary Joseph, which is about to sail for that destination. This vessel takes out the Bishop and twelve missionaries, whose object is to convert the inhabitants'of the Sandwich Islands, The Mary Joseph takes out likewise twelve nuns of the religions establishments at Peru, and operatives ol the Society of St. Joseph, who have devo A elves to teach the inhabitants s; hes of manufactures. The Mary Jos <i three flags—one a red cross, simitai to the Templar's with the ciphers 'M.J.'; another flag, with the same ciphers intermixed with flowers ; and a third with the Pontifical tiara."— Colonial Gazette. On the Great North of England railway, the other day, a cattle waggon was impelled a distance of twenty miles,at the rate of about fourteen miles an hour by the wind alone.